Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Maclean ◽  
Baljean Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pathogenic Organism

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a non-pathogenic organism in the immunocompetent, but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with AIDS, and the retina is the commonest site of infection1. If left untreated, patients with CMVR will develop disease in their second eye and ultimately become blind2. However, with correct diagnosis and treatment useful vision can be maintained in the majority of cases. Fifteen to 20% of patients with AIDS will contract cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)3−7 and this may be the AIDS-defining diagnosis though more commonly it occurs months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Given the increasing number of HIV positive patients and their longer survival, it is likely that CMVR will become an increasingly prevalent condition. In these patients loss of sight from CMVR has devastating consequences in terms of loss of independence and quality of life and therefore ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware of the presenting characteristics of CMVR, be familiar with therapy and its complications, and be able to recognize relapsing infection.

scholarly journals Current and Evolving Clinical Options for HIV-Infected Patients with Chronic Diarrhoea

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6386
Author(s):  
Tom Wingfield ◽  
Ashley Pennell ◽  
Tom J. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Contemporary Approach

Diarrhoeal diseases continue to play a major role in the lives of HIV-positive people, impacting negatively on quality of life and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Within the global HIV pandemic, there are distinct geographical variations in the aetiology of chronic diarrhoea and the strategies towards its diagnosis and management. This article aims to highlight the contemporary approach to chronic diarrhoea in HIV-positive people, expand upon the myriad agents responsible for this presentation, and explore present and future therapeutic and management options.

Clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ella Polozova ◽  
Vsevolod Skvortsov ◽  
Olga Radaykina ◽  
Mariya Narvatkina ◽  
Anastasiya Seskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Moment

The widespread prevalence of comorbid pathology determines the relevance of this problem. Comorbid pathology due to the interaction of diseases, drug pathomorphism, age characteristics of the patient, significantly changes clinical picture and course of the main nosology, affects severity of complications and their nature, significantly affects quality of life and prognosis of patients. Diagnosis and treatment of many diseases is complicated in the conditions of comorbidity. The article presents a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension from the moment of exposure to risk factors and ending with the formation of many concomitant diseases, as an example of trans-nosological comorbidity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in Xinjiang, West China

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Maimaiti ◽  
Zhang Yuexin ◽  
Pan Kejun ◽  
Maimaitaili Wubili ◽  
Christophe Lalanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

In total, 679 HIV-positive patients from 4 clinics in Urumqi city were given structured questionnaires by the doctors or nurses treating them. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed using the Chinese Patient-Reported Outcome Quality of Life-HIV questionnaire versions in Mandarin and Uyghur. This tool has been used in other parts of China and several countries. Compared to France, Australia, United States, Brazil, Thailand, Cambodia, Senegal, and Central-Southern China (CS China), the HRQL was significantly lower among HIV-positive patients in Xinjiang, with regard to the dimension of treatment impact and general health score. The health concern was similar to Brazil and Cambodia but lower than other countries and CS China. Our findings showed high stigmatization: 86% of the patients were afraid to tell others they were HIV positive and 69% often felt or always felt depressed. Only 1% of the patients were on antidepressant treatment.

Lopinavir/Ritonavir Dosage Form Affects Quality of Life During Monotherapy in HIV-Positive Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa F. Yeh ◽  
Bryan A. Lipman ◽  
Carl Mayberry ◽  
Bernie Miguel ◽  
John J. Nemecek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on caregivers’ perspective of the quality of life and adherence of paediatric HIV patients to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lahai ◽  
Peter Bai. James ◽  
Noel N. Wannang ◽  
Haja R. Wurie ◽  
Sorie Conteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Health Domains

Abstract Background: Poor compliance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can result in the poor quality of life in children living with HIV/AIDS because of low plasma drug concentration and the possibility of drug resistance. This study evaluates the response of caregivers for determination of adherence and the four quality of life domains in children (aged 14 years and under) on HAART.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 188 children, each accompanied by their caregivers at Ola During Children's Hospital and Makeni Government Hospital between September and November 2016. Adherence to HAART and Quality of life was assessed using the WHO Quality of life summary questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We obtained ethical approval from the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee. Results: The study revealed 5.9% adherence amongst paediatric patients, and a strong association of adherent patients(p=0.019*) to the physical health domain (mean=64.61 SD=8.1).Caregiver HIV status showed a strong association with the physical (mean=58.3, SD=11.7 and p=0.024*), and psychological health domains (mean=68.2, SD=14.7 and p=0.001). Caregiver type (mother/father/sibling) accompanying child to hospital also showed strong associated with the physical (mean=58.0, SD=10.6, p <0.001), psychological (mean 68.2 SD=14.81 p <0.001) and environmental health domains (mean=59.7, SD=13.47, p <0.001). Further regression analysis showed a strong association with physical health domain for HIV positive caregivers (p=0.014) and adherent paediatric patients (p=0.005). Nuclear family also showed a strong association with psychological (p<0.001) and environmental (p=0.001) health domains. Conclusion: This study showed a strong association between the quality of life domains and the involvement of nuclear family caregiver, HIV-positive caregiver and adherence to HAART. Our study suggests that the involvement of any member of the nuclear family, HIV positive parents and patient adherence to therapy can improve the quality of life of paediatric HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the two hospitals.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalised with systolic heart failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 204800401454873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Berg ◽  
Peter Lindgren ◽  
Thomas Kahan ◽  
Owe Schill ◽  
Hans Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Saving more lives and limbs: applying a cardiac rehabilitation model of structured exercise to symptomatic peripheral arterial disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Susan Matthews ◽  
Martin Fox ◽  
Sarah Coy ◽  
Jane Whittaker ◽  
Gail Brough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background/Aims Peripheral arterial disease is common among those aged 60 years or above and can cause debilitating intermittent claudication. This impacts quality of life and is a marker for increased morbidity and mortality, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Access to recommended exercise programmes for people with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease is poor in most areas of the UK. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of expanding an established cardiac rehabilitation service to accommodate supervised exercise for people with peripheral arterial disease Methods The study evaluated 11 participants peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication who were referred by the Manchester leg circulation service. Participants underwent the programme involving eight weekly 1.5 hour sessions of supervised exercise and cardiovascular education with support, reassurance and motivation. The participants' blood pressure, walking impairment, quality of life, anxiety and depression were monitored and reviewed. Results Overall, the participants' walking distance, intermittent claudication, quality of life and blood pressure had improved. The participants' overall satisfaction with the programme was excellent. The programme also demonstrated clinical and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions A structured, supervised exercise programme can have considerable benefits for people with peripheral arterial disease, improving their symptoms and quality of life. It may also help to reduce the morbidity and mortality risks associated with inactivity in this patient group.

Quality of Life Following Management of Localized Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A Aliperti ◽  
Martin G Sanda ◽  
Christopher P Filson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

With a long survivorship phase after diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, consideration of the impact of treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical. For men considering treatment of prostate cancer, the domains that are impacted include urinary, sexual, and bowel-related qualities of life. This review identifies aspects of tools measuring HRQOL and covers instruments used to measure quality of life following a diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. We review the impact associated with radical prostatectomy, radiation and brachytherapy, and observation on men diagnosed with prostate cancer and compare the effects that each management strategy has on sexual and urinary function. This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, 44 references. Key Words: erectile dysfunction, expectant management, lower urinary tract symptoms, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, quality of life, urinary incontinence

Bipolar Disorders and Their Clinical Management, Part II: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette DeMuri-Maletic ◽  
Vladimir Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Impact

Bipolar disorder is a biologically and phenotypically diverse disorder and its diagnosis and treatment provides a significant challenge to even the most seasoned clinician. We provide an update on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder, reflecting recent changes in DSM-5. Our review provides a succinct summary of the treatment literature, encompassing pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions for bipolar depression, mania/hypomania, mixed states, and prevention of disease recurrence. We provide a brief critical review of emerging treatment modalities, including those used in treatment resistance. Challenges involved in maintaining adherence are further discussed. Additionally, we review common treatment adverse effects and provide recommendations for proper side effect monitoring. There is evidence of significant functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder and we conclude with a discussion of the impact of impairment on prognosis and quality of life. This review contains 4 figures, 8 tables, and 45 references. Key Words: bipolar disorders, differential diagnosis, maintenance pharmacotherapy, prognosis, psychosocial interventions, treatment, quality of life

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease of bone: a mini-review

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferraz-de-Souza ◽  
Pedro Henrique Silveira Correa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Paget’S Disease ◽  
Paget's Disease ◽  
Paget’S Disease Of Bone ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Sustained Remission ◽  
Paget's Disease Of Bone

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic progressive disorder of bone metabolism that may go undetected for many years, and endocrinologists should be alert to its clinical signs and promptly diagnose and treat PDB before it results in irreversible complications, such as deformity, fracture or neurological sequelae. Most commonly, PDB is suspected upon the incidental finding of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels or a radiographic abnormality in an otherwise healthy individual above 55 years of age. Some of these individuals may have symptoms such as bone pain or enlargement with increased warmth. In general, a basic laboratory evaluation of bone metabolism, plain radiographies of affected bones and bone scintigraphy are sufficient to corroborate the diagnosis. Antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonates is the mainstay of treatment of symptomatic PDB, and intravenous zoledronic acid has emerged as an effective and safe treatment option, leading to sustained remission and improved quality of life. It is extremely important, though, to ensure calcium and vitamin D sufficiency before and during treatment in order to prevent hypocalcemia. The benefit of treating all asymptomatic patients is not clear, but treatment is warranted if the pagetic lesion is located in a site where progression to fracture, deformity, or compression would significantly impair the patient quality of life. This mini-review focuses on important aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of PDB.

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