scholarly journals Measurability, systematic error, and the replication crisis: A reply to Michell (2019) and Krantz and Wallsten (2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Trendler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conjoint Measurement ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Ratio Scales

Although Krantz and Wallsten (2019) claim that interval and ratio scales abound in psychology, they miss the opportunity to deliver specific evidence for their existence. Michell (2019), on the other hand, misconstrues my objection against the practical usefulness of conjoint measurement (Trendler, 2019). Furthermore, he underestimates the critical role humans play as measurement instruments—that is, as detectors of magnitudes of psychological attributes as derived quantities—and he also misunderstands the meaning of the Millean Quantity Objection. Finally, in answer to Krantz and Wallsten, I specify my position with regard to the connection between scientific stagnation, measurability, and reproducibility.

Eternal Guests, Mimics, and Dönme: The Place of German and Turkish Jews in Modern Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kader Konuk
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The One ◽  
European Civilization

AbstractThe place of Jews was highly ambiguous in the newly founded Turkish Republic: In 1928 an assimilationist campaign was launched against Turkish Jews, while only a few years later, in 1933, German scholars—many of them Jewish—were taken in so as to help Europeanize the nation. Turkish authorities regarded the emigrants as representatives of European civilization and appointed scholars like Erich Auerbach to prestigious academic positions that were vital for redefining the humanities in Turkey. This article explores the country's twofold assimilationist policies. On the one hand, Turkey required of its citizens—regardless of ethnic or religious origins—that they conform to a unified Turkish culture; on the other hand, an equally assimilationist modernization project was designed to achieve cultural recognition from the heart of Europe. By linking historical and contemporary discourses, this article shows how tropes of Jewishness have played—and continue to play—a critical role in the conception of Turkish nationhood. The status of Erich Auerbach, Chair of the Faculty for Western Languages and Literatures at İstanbul University from 1936 to 1947, is central to this investigation into the place of Turkish and German Jews in modern Turkey.

The Duel and the Daïs: Iliadic Warfare as Spectacle

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-108
Author(s):  
Tobias Myers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 2 explores how the Olympians and the Iliad’s audience are positioned as viewers for the warfare in Books 1–4, and their roles defined. The first section focuses on the gods. Homer initially defines the gods’ role as viewers by drawing on two specific paradigms of live event: entertainment at a daïs (banquet), and the formal duel. Each of these paradigms carries its own suggestions as to the nature of the event, its stakes, and the relationship between viewer and action. As entertainment accompanying a daïs, the warfare may generate pleasure (terpein) for viewers whose critical role is to praise or blame the dramatic figure pulling the strings. As a spectacle modelled on the formal duel, the warfare is observed by implicated, partisan viewers, who are themselves a part of the conflict, and can become actors by entering the central space. Rich tension is generated by the combination of these paradigms. The chapter’s second section reads the opening of Book 4, in which the gods watch a duel from their daïs, as a mise en abyme of the spectacle experience offered by the Iliad to its listeners. On the one hand, the combination of duel and daïs shapes audience understanding of the kind of spectacle that they, too, are witnessing, and their own relationship to the action. On the other hand, the gods’ particular responses—both to the events on the ground and to their staging and direction—dramatize possible responses on the part of Homer’s audience.

scholarly journals On the Other Hand…: Enhancing Promotional Effectiveness with Haptic Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Virginie Maille ◽  
Maureen Morrin ◽  
Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perceived Ownership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Haptic Cues ◽  
Hand Action

People like graspable objects more when the objects are located on the dominant-hand side of their body or when the handles point toward their dominant-hand side. However, many products do not have handles or are not graspable (e.g., services, objects hanging on the wall). Can nongraspable products nevertheless benefit from the effects of appealing to viewers’ dominant hands? The present research shows that, yes, consumers respond more positively to nongraspable products if a haptic cue (an object that is graspable or suggestive of hand action) is located within the same visual field as the target and is positioned to appeal to the viewer’s dominant hand. This result is driven by the creation and transfer of perceived ownership from cue to target. These findings extend the use of haptic cues to nongraspable products and uncover the critical role played by perceived ownership, including its ability to transfer from one object to another located in the same visual field. Moreover, the current research demonstrates situations in which the use of haptic cues will not enhance response.

Against realism: Hegel and Adorno on philosophy’s critical role

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-202
Author(s):  
Bernardo Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Naive Realism ◽  
Naïve Realism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Key representatives of the dialectical tradition, Hegel and Adorno conceived philosophy as a critical tool, directed both at the naive realism of ordinary reason and the more sophisticated realism of modern scientific discourse. For the two authors, philosophy’s main task is to question received ideas and practices and to expose their underlying contradictions, thereby enabling meaningful forms of cultural and political change. But while for Hegel this procedure takes the form of a systematic enquiry, leading from a spurious to a true account of reality, Adorno rejects the idea that reason and reality can be reconciled. On the one hand, he praises Hegel for having developed a truly dialectical form of criticism, set into motion by the immanent unfolding of reality’s intrinsic contradictions. On the other hand, he views Hegel’s emphasis on systematic integration as a form of dogmatism, which must itself be criticized. Instead of a ‘positive’ or ‘closed’ dialectic, fuelled by the expectation of a final overarching synthesis, Adorno calls for a ‘negative’ or ‘open’ dialectic, radically averse to all forms of unification. In doing so, however, he is led to question the very limits of conceptual reason, leaving criticism vulnerable to new forms of attack.

MMPI and EPPS Profiles of High and Low Verbal Interactors in Therapy Groups

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanus J. Grosz ◽  
Robert Wagoner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychometric Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Group Members

The frequency of verbal interactions between patients in four open therapy groups was found to be to a statistically significant degree negatively correlated with scores on the L and K scales of the MMPI and the scale of Order on the EPPS, and positively correlated with the Ma scale on the MMPI and the scale of Aggtession on the EPPS. This was interpreted to mean that patients who on these psychometric tests are shown to be defensive are unlikely to interact with other group members as often as patients who score low on the trait of defensiveness. On the other hand, patients whose test results show them to be forceful, vigorous, aggressive, and candid are likely to interact with other group members more often than ere patients who score low on these personality traits. The findings were discussed in the light of previously reported similar investigations and with reference to their possible practical usefulness to group therapists.

scholarly journals Suppression of Viral Replication by Stress-Inducible GADD34 Protein via the Mammalian Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase mTOR Pathway

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 11106-11115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahori Minami ◽  
Yukihiro Tambe ◽  
Ryosuke Watanabe ◽  
Takahiro Isono ◽  
Masataka Haneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Pathway Inhibition

ABSTRACT GADD34 is a protein that is induced by a variety of stressors, including DNA damage, heat shock, nutrient deprivation, energy depletion, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here, we demonstrated that GADD34 induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection suppressed viral replication in wild-type (WT) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), whereas replication was enhanced in GADD34-deficient (GADD34-KO) MEFs. Enhanced viral replication in GADD34-KO MEFs was reduced by retroviral gene rescue of GADD34. The level of VSV protein expression in GADD34-KO MEFs was significantly higher than that in WT MEFs. Neither phosphorylation of eIF2α nor cellular protein synthesis was correlated with viral replication in GADD34-KO MEFs. On the other hand, phosphorylation of S6 and 4EBP1, proteins downstream of mTOR, was suppressed by VSV infection in WT MEFs but not in GADD34-KO MEFs. GADD34 was able to associate with TSC1/2 and dephosphorylate TSC2 at Thr1462. VSV replication was higher in TSC2-null cells than in TSC2-expressing cells, and constitutively active Akt enhanced VSV replication. On the other hand, rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, significantly suppressed VSV replication in GADD34-KO MEFs. These findings demonstrate that GADD34 induced by VSV infection suppresses viral replication via mTOR pathway inhibition, indicating that cross talk between stress-inducible GADD34 and the mTOR signaling pathway plays a critical role in antiviral defense.

scholarly journals Part II: Measuring Media-related Educational Competencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-151
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tiede
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Media Pedagogy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One

Measuring the media-related educational competencies of preservice teachers is important for the context of this dissertation because it functions as a link between the dimensions of modeling and advancing competencies: on the one hand, measurement instruments can validate and operationalize underlying models, which means concretizing and defining what a competency aspect comprises by observable and measurable behavior. On the other hand, measuring competencies is important in terms of evaluating practices of advancement, because it allows for grounded conclusions, e.g., on the success and outcomes of such practices. This evaluative perspective will be stressed below. However, competency measuring is a complex and challenging task. The following part of this dissertation will give an overview of this context, apply the findings to the models analyzed in Part I and then introduce and discuss an example of a measurement with Paper 1, “Media Pedagogy in U.S. and German Teacher Education,” concluded by further considerations.

scholarly journals Seasonal Effects Observed in Time Determinations at Santiago

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
F. Noël
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Other Hand

A comparison of the Universal Time and local latitude deduced from the Astrolabe observations since 1966 to 1970, with respect to similar results obtained from BIH datas, show significative annual differences, specially in time, of a stable pattern. The consistence of the latitude differences (Astrolabe – BIH) and latitude group corrections, computed by the chain method, prove that these differences could be explained by the influence of a systematic error in the FK4 of Δδα type. On the other hand the inconsistence of the strong annual differences in time with the time group corrections, show that these differences can not be explained by catalogue systematic errors. The group corrections in time are compared with an investigation of the FK4 Δαα error based in the observations made with a transit instrument at Santiago.

scholarly journals Regulation of Myosin-5b by Rab11a and the Rab11 family interacting protein 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Hong Ji ◽  
Lin-Lin Yao ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Xiang-dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tail Domain ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Membrane Bound

Abstract Mammalian myosin-5b (Myo5b) plays a critical role in the recycling of endosomes to the plasma membrane via the interactions with Rab11a and the Rab11 family interacting protein 2 (FIP2). However, it remains unclear on how Rab11a and FIP2 are coordinated in tethering Myo5b with the vesicles and activating the motor function of Myo5b. In the present study, we show that Rab11a binds to the globular tail domain (GTD) of Myo5b and this binding abolishes the head–GTD interaction of Myo5b, thus activating the motor function of Myo5b. On the other hand, FIP2 directly interacts with both Rab11a and the tail of Myo5b, and the binding of FIP2 to Myo5b does not affect Myo5b motor function. Moreover, Rab11a displays higher affinity to FIP2 than to Myo5b, suggesting that Rab11a binds preferentially to FIP2 than to Myo5b. Based on the current findings, we propose that the association of Myo5b with vesicles is mediated by FIP2, which bridges Myo5b and the membrane-bound Rab11a, whereas the motor function of Myo5b is regulated by Rab11a.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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