Protective role of dietary fibre on N-nitrosopyrrolidine-induced toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mittal ◽  
S. Vadhera ◽  
A.P.S. Brar ◽  
Giridhar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Peroxidative Damage ◽  
Different Tissues

N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) is an important carcinogen, frequently present in the environment and food chain. Oral administration of NPYR to experimental rats evoked severe biochemical and pathological changes. In the present investigation, the protective role of dietary fibre on NPYR-induced toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rats was studied. Supplementation of chickpea seed coat fibre in the diet reduced the hepato-toxic effects of NPYR, as evident from the decreased hepatic degeneration and improved liver weight index compared to control. Administration of NPYR resulted in an increase in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the experimental animals. The antioxidant potential of experimental animals decreased in the NPYR-fed group, which was evident from the increased in vitro lipid peroxidation (LPO) of erythrocytes. However, chickpea seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage done by NPYR. Administration of NPYR resulted in a substantial and significant increase in LPO in all tissues, to a varying degree, though the effect was maximum in the case of the liver. Inclusion of chickpea seed coat fibre considerably reduced the peroxidative damage caused by NPYR in all tissues. The effect of NPYR administration on antioxidant potential was variable in different tissues, but the effect was reduced considerably on inclusion of chickpea seed coat fibre in the diet, providing reasonable protection against NPYR-induced oxidative stress, and, hence, its toxicity. Histopathological analysis of different tissues (heart, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys) showed mild to severe pathological changes among the control and experimental groups. However, the pathological effects of NPYR administration were markedly reduced with the addition of chickpea seed coat fibre in the diet. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 91-98

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Bacillus velezensis A2 on the Biochemical and Hepatic Toxicity of Zearalenone in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Mingyang Wang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Sheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Fermented Feed

Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen-like mycotoxin produced by Fusarium that seriously compromises the safety of animal and human health. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the protective effect of Bacillus velezensis A2 against biochemical and pathological changes induced by zearalenone in mice. Kunming mice (n = 40; 25 ± 2 g) were allotted to four treatment groups: a control group (basic feed); a ZEN group (basic feed with a ZEN dose of 60 mg/kg); an A2 strain fermented feed group (150 g of feed mixed with 150 mL of sterile distilled water and inoculated with 5 mL of phosphate buffer salt (PBS) resuspended A2 strain); and an A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group. (A2 strain group 150 mL pure bacterial distilled water system mixed with 150 g ZEN-contaminated feed.) Our results showed that the Bacillus velezensis A2 strain can completely degrade the ZEN-contaminated feed within 5 days. (The concentration of ZEN in fermentation was 60 μg/mL.) After the mice fed for 28 days, compared with the control group, the activities of AST and ALT were increased, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were decreased, and the amount of creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ZEN group were increased in the mice serum (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). However, compared with the ZEN group, these biochemical levels were reversed in the A2 strain fermented feed group and in the A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). Furthermore, histopathological analysis only showed pathological changes of the mice liver in the ZEN group. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis A2 as additive could effectively remove ZEN contamination in the feed and protect the mice against the toxic damage of ZEN. In conclusion, Bacillus velezensis A2 has great potential use as a microbial feed additive to detoxify the toxicity of zearalenone in production practice.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Purified Cysteine Proteinases against Fasciola gigantica Infection in Experimental Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman EL-Ahwany ◽  
Ibrahim Rabia ◽  
Faten Nagy ◽  
Mona Zoheiry ◽  
Tarek Diab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Experimental Animals

scholarly journals Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity as a molecular marker of enterotoxicity induced by single dose of 5-fluorouracil and protective role of orally administered glutamine

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katica Bajin-Katic ◽  
Karmen Stankov ◽  
Matilda Djolai ◽  
Zoran Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background. One of the critical limitations for the administration of the chemotherapy is the toxicity affecting normal tissue. The main target organs for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity in humans and experimental animals are the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and skin. The cytotoxic effects of antimetabolite chemotherapy are based on their role as substrates for the same transport processes and enzymes involved in anabolism and catabolism as the natural substrates. The main goal of our study was to analyze the dose-dependent antiproliferative effects of 5-FU on intestinal mucosa, enterotoxic potential of 5-FU in experimental animals and to test possible protective role of glutamine. Methods. In our study, we used Sprague Dawley rats. The control group of rats included 50 animals, while the groups where either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or 5-FU and glutamine were administered included 200 animals. All experimental animals were further stratified according to the experimental model (25 animals in each of 8 experimental subgroups of animals). The 5-FU was administered by intraperitoneal application in single dose of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg of 5-FU per kg of body weight. Water solution of 1% glutamine was prepared daily and administered orally, in volume of 200 ml, for 7 days continuously, after the 7th day of 5-FU administration. Experimental animals were sacrificed 7 days after the administration of 5-FU. The isolation of enterocytes was performed according to the method of Kralovansky et al. In cell homogenate obtained by described method, we determined the protein content using the Biuret method and the DNA content using the Burton reagent. The activities of enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined by kinetic method. All paraffin samples of the small intestine were stained by haematoxiline and eosine(HE method). All the experiments were done in duplicate and analyzed by standard statistical methods. All the experiments were done in duplicate and analyzed by standard statistical methods. Results: Our results of enterotoxicity induced by intraperitonealy administered 5-FU showed statistically significant decrease of DNA content in small intestine samples of experimental animals, decrease in activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme and the increase in glutathione-dependent enzymes. The glutamine supplementation reduced 5-FU intestinal toxicity. Conclusion: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is a good marker of the dose-dependent enterotoxicity induced by 5-fluorouracil.

scholarly journals Influence of Thermal Processing and in vitro Digestion on the Antioxidant Potential of Ginger and Ginger Containing Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Koch ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch ◽  
Marcin Dziedzic ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Yoshinori Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Subtropical Climate

Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) is a common spice and a medicine widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate around the globe, which contains both precious polyphenols and terpenes in its extracts. The ubiquity of ginger in a variety of foods encouraged the authors to assess the influence of thermal processing and digestion of the plant material on its antioxidant capacity. The obtained results of DPPH assay showed marked differences in the antioxidant potential of the processed samples, in comparison with fresh ginger rhizomes. Autoclave and microwave heating procedures were found to evoke the mildest decomposition of the antioxidants and increase the antioxidant capacity of the plant (from IC50 of 210±10 for a fresh rhizome to ca 160±16 μg/mL for the former, and to 150±18 for the latter technique), whereas frying and boiling for different durations significantly deteriorated the antiradical potential up to IC50 = 940±36 μg/mL. Mouth and stomach digestion decreased the antioxidant potential of the extracts even to ca. 1000±47 μg/mL. A protective role of saliva towards the antioxidant compounds against hydrochloric acid and pepsin activities has been proven. A marked deterioration in antioxidant capacity in digested rhizomes may shed new light on the actual absorption of consumed polyphenols with food products.

Protective role of chickpea seed coat fibre on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Mittal ◽  
Shyma Vadhera ◽  
Apminder Pal Singh Brar ◽  
Giridhar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Protective Role

scholarly journals Interleukin-12 Is Essential for a Protective Th1 Response in Mice Infected with Cryptococcus neoformans

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 4994-5000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Decken ◽  
Gabriele Köhler ◽  
Kathrin Palmer-Lehmann ◽  
Andrea Wunderlin ◽  
Frank Mattner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Th1 Response ◽  
Th2 Polarization ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT To analyze the roles of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and the IL-12-dependent Th1 response in resistance to Cryptococcus neoformans, we have established a chronic infection model in wild-type mice and in mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for the IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 subunits (IL-12p35−/− and IL-12p40−/− mice, respectively) as well as in mice with a targeted disruption of the IL-4 gene. Long-term application of exogenous IL-12 prevented death of infected wild-type mice for the entire period of the experiment (up to 180 days) but did not resolve the infection. Infected IL-12p35−/− and IL-12p40−/− mice died significantly earlier than infected wild-type mice, whereas infection of IL-4-deficient mice led to prolonged survival. Interestingly, infected IL-12p40−/−mice died earlier and developed higher organ burdens than IL-12p35−/− mice, which, for the first time in an infection model, suggests a protective role of the IL-12p40 subunit independent of the IL-12 heterodimer. The fungal organ burdens of IL-4-deficient mice and IL-12-treated wild-type mice were significantly reduced compared to those of untreated wild-type mice and IL-12-deficient mice. Histopathological analysis revealed reduction of the number of granulomatous lesions following treatment with IL-12. Susceptibility of both IL-12p35−/− and IL-12p40−/− mice was associated with marginal production of gamma interferon and elevated levels of IL-4 from CD4+ T cells, which indicates Th2 polarization in the absence of IL-12, whereas wild-type mice developed a Th1 response. Taken together, our data emphasize the essential role of IL-12 for protective Th1 responses against C. neoformans.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in the Urinary Bladder of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Insulin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Bassam Elnagar ◽  
Suhaidah Ibrahim ◽  
Mostafa A. M. Abouelnaga ◽  
Amro Mohamed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus possesses severe adverse effects on the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder dysfunction is a common health problem affecting diabetic patients causing recurrent infections and urinary incontinence. Objective: To evaluate the histopathological changes in the tissue of urinary bladder in Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats and the protective role of insulin. Methods: Thirty rats were classified into three groups: a control group which received no treatment (Group A), STZ diabetic group (Group B) and Insulin diabetic group (Group C). Animals were sacrificed after six weeks and urinary bladders were harvested and processed for light and electron microscopy. Results: Several histopathological changes were observed in the urinary bladder of the diabetic group including an increase in the thickness of the urothelium, epithelial cells with dark nuclei and large lenticular vesicles, and wide intercellular spaces with numerous collagen fibers. Treatment with insulin reduced the pathological changes induced by STZ. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus caused significant pathological changes in the urinary bladder of experimental rats. For instance, treating diabetic animals with insulin prevented the development of damaging effects of diabetes on the urinary bladder.

scholarly journals The Improvement of the Adaptation Process of Tocopherol and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Offspring of Mothers Exposed to TCDD

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
Maciej Dobrzyński ◽  
Jan P. Madej ◽  
Anna Leśków ◽  
Małgorzata Tarnowska ◽  
Jacek Majda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Dioxins are chemical compounds that may cause an inflammatory reaction. During dioxin-induced inflammation, generated reactive oxygen species lead to morphological changes in various tissues and in biochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the changes in the livers of rats whose mothers were exposed to dioxins and the protective role of α-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid in liver inflammation. The study material consisted of Buffalo rats who were the offspring of females treated with dioxin, dioxin + α-tocopherol, or dioxin + acetylsalicylic acid. Livers and blood samples were taken from the rats’ offspring, and then histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed. The histopathological analysis showed that the changes observed in the livers of neonates were the result of the dioxins derived from their mother. The biochemical analysis showed that the morphological changes in the liver affected its function, which manifested in a higher total protein concentration in the dioxin-treated group, and that the creatinine level in this group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. This effect was reduced by the protective role of α-tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. Based on these results, we came to the conclusion that dioxins significantly affect the structure of the liver, which negatively affects its function, mainly in the scope of the metabolism of plasma proteins and hepatic enzymes.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Mangiferin against Benzo(a)pyrene Induced Lung Carcinogenesis in Experimental Animals

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peramaiyan Rajendran ◽  
Ganapathy Ekambaram ◽  
Dhanapal Sakthisekaran
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Experimental Animals
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