Long-term ketamine and ketamine plus alcohol treatments produced damages in liver and kidney

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSM Wai ◽  
WM Chan ◽  
AQ Zhang ◽  
Y Wu ◽  
DT Yew
Keyword(s):  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Alcohol Treatments

scholarly journals Glycolipids as Potential Energy Molecules during Starvation in Climbing Perch,Anabas testudineus(Bloch)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathi Godavarthy ◽  
Y. Sunila Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glycolipid Fraction ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Cellular Markers

Glycolipids are membrane lipids which act as cellular markers and also provide energy for the cells. The present study is an attempt to understand whether glycolipids can act as energy sources during fasting. To achieve this, we selected and subjectedAnabas testudineusto short-term (15 days) and long-term (60 days) laboratory starvation. We estimated glycolipids biochemically using a standard protocol in six different tissues. Results showed a selective decline in glycolipid concentration in certain tissues, and also an increase was observed in some tissues. Short-term fasting led to a decline in glycolipids in tissues such as brain (P<0.05), accessory respiratory organ (P<0.001), pectoral and lateral line muscle. Liver and kidney (P<0.002) reported an increase. Long term starvation also resulted in a decline in tissues such as liver (P<0.001), kidney (P<0.001), brain, and accessory respiratory organ. Muscle tissue,that is, both the pectoral (P<0.002) and lateral line muscle (P<0.05), showed an increase in the glycolipid fraction. This selective decline in glycolipid content of certain tissues suggests a possible utilization of these lipids during starvation and the significant upsurge observed in certain tissues suggests a simultaneous synthesis occurring along the degradation, probably reducing the oxidative stress created by ROS (reactive oxygen species).

Long-term exposure to cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide cause liver and kidney inflammation and induce genotoxicity in New Zealand white male rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Vardavas ◽  
Polychronis D. Stivaktakis ◽  
Manolis N. Tzatzarakis ◽  
Persefoni Fragkiadaki ◽  
Fotini Vasilaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Male ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals A Pilot Safety Assessment for Recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus Piscidin Yeast Powder as a Drug Food Additive after Subacute and Subchronic Administration to SD Rats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Bor-Chyuan Su ◽  
Chao-Chin Li ◽  
Chia-Wen Liu ◽  
Jyh-Yih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Yeast Powder

Recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus piscidin (RELP) was previously shown to improve growth performance and immune response when used as a feed additive for Gallus gallus domesticus. However, the long-term toxicity of RELP has not be thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the subacute and subchronic oral toxicities of RELP in SD rats by hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses. To determine subacute and subchronic toxicities, male and female rats were fed with RELP 1000 mg/kg bodyweight/day for 28 and 90 days, respectively. Bodyweight and food intake were unchanged by RELP treatment over the course of the studies. After exposure, samples of blood, heart, lung, liver, and kidney were collected and analyzed. Results demonstrated that RELP exposure did not cause any observable hematological, biochemical, or histological abnormalities in SD rats. Thus, RELP may be a safe feed additive for use in agriculture and aquaculture.

A Novel Approach in Combined Liver and Kidney Transplantation With Long-term Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcin Ekser ◽  
Richard S. Mangus ◽  
Jonathan A. Fridell ◽  
Chandrashekhar A. Kubal ◽  
Shunji Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Storage Levels of Ddt Metabolites in Mouse Tissues following Long Term Exposure to Technical DDT

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tomatis ◽  
Vladimir Turusov ◽  
Benedetto Terracini ◽  
Nicholas Day ◽  
William F. Barthel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Dose Levels

The storage levels of DDT and its metabolites, following the long term administration of technical DDT at the dose levels of 2, 20, 50 and 250 ppm to mice, were evaluated in the fat tissue, liver, kidney, brain and reproductive organs. In addition, storage levels were evaluated in foetuses and newborns of DDT-treated mothers. Apart from op'-DDT, there was a direct relationship between the concentration of each metabolite in each organ and the dose to which the animal was exposed. The highest concentration of DDT and metabolites was found in the fat tissue followed by reproductive organs, liver and kidney together, and lastly brain. The most prevalent metabolite was pp'-DDT, except in the liver, where pp'-DDD showed the highest concentration. Pregnant females had lower concentrations of all metabolites than non-pregnant females. The concentration of residues in samples of total foetal litters was directly related to the concentration of DDT fed to the mother. There was a strong negative correlation between the concentration of pp'-DDT and that of pp'-DDD in the foetuses and the placentas of the same litter. A significant increase in whole body DDT concentration was observed shortly after birth.

The adverse effects of long-term l-carnitine supplementation on liver and kidney function in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1148-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Liu ◽  
D-M Zhang ◽  
M-X Wang ◽  
C-Y Fan ◽  
F Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Levo-Carnitine (l-carnitine) is widely used in health and food. This study was to focus on the adverse effects of 8-week oral supplementation of l-carnitine (0.3 and 0.6 g/kg) in female and male Sprague Dawley rats. l-carnitine reduced body and fat weights, as well as serum, liver, and kidney lipid levels in rats. Simultaneously, hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation and lipid synthesis were disturbed in l-carnitine-fed rats. Moreover, l-carnitine accelerated reactive oxygen species production in serum and liver, thereby triggering hepatic NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation to elevate serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in rats. Alteration of serum alkaline phosphatase levels further confirmed liver dysfunction in l-carnitine-fed rats. Additionally, l-carnitine may potentially disturb kidney function by altering renal protein levels of rat organic ion transporters. These observations may provide the caution information for the safety of long-term l-carnitine supplementation.

Acute and Long-Term Accumulation of Copper by the Brown Bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Brungs ◽  
Edward N. Leonard ◽  
James M. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) were exposed to constant concentrations of copper ranging from 6.5 to 422 μg/liter. Copper concentrations in gill, opercle, liver, and kidney tissues of live fish did not differ from those that died during the acute exposure. Exposure of fish to sublethal concentrations for 20 days before exposure to lethal concentrations resulted in higher tissue levels in the dead fish than in fish not previously exposed. A distinct increase in liver and gill tissue copper concentrations occurred at exposure levels of 27 μg/liter and above. Equilibrium tissue levels of copper in the liver and gill were reached within 30 days. Copper levels in red blood cells and plasma after 20-months exposure did not differ from the controls. Red blood cells analyzed after 6-days and 30-days exposure to copper also showed no increased copper residues.

The Primary Investigation on Biological Effect of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1651-1655
Author(s):  
Bai Yan Sui ◽  
Cheng Tie Wu ◽  
Jiao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) has superior bioactivity and degradation than non-mesoporous bioactive glass (BG) in vitro. But the biological effect of MBG in vivo is still unknown. In this study, MBG powders with 20μm were implanted into the femoral condyles in SD rats. BG powders with 20μm were used as a control. The local degradation and osteogenesis were observed at 1 week and 4 weeks after implantation, and the systemic toxicity of the degradation products were also evaluated simultaneously. The results revealed MBG powders had the faster rate of degradation and better osteogenesis effect than BG powders at 4 weeks, although the most of material still remained in situ. Histopathological analyses indicated the degradation products did not have any damage to major organs such as liver and kidney. In conclusion, this preliminary study demonstrated that MBG powders have more excellent biological effect at 4 weeks than that of BG in vivo. However the long-term effect needs to be confirmed.

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