Risk factors of perioperative complications and transfusion following total hip arthroplasty in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Li ◽  
Y Du ◽  
S Xiang ◽  
B Feng ◽  
Y Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Dsdna Antibody ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background In recent years, hip arthroplasty rates in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have been increasing rapidly. Although patients with SLE generally show beneficial or desirable functional outcomes following total hip arthroplasty (THA), it has been reported that SLE patients after THA have increased risk of postoperative complications, especially during the period of hospitalization. Objectives In the present study, we aimed to identify possible factors associated with complications or transfusion of THA in SLE patients during hospitalization. Methods The present study was a retrospective study conducted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Data were collected from medical records of patients who underwent THA from January 2012 to June 2018. The primary outcome variable was perioperative complications, which was defined as having one or more of the following conditions: high fever, infection, impaired wound healing, venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, hematoma, arrhythmia, implant complications. The secondary outcome was perioperative transfusion. Results During January 2012 to June 2018, 100 patients had taken the surgery of THA. After multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for perioperative complications were: age ≥ 45 years ( p = 0.001), SLE with other connective tissue diseases ( p = 0.029), high temperature ( p = 0.030), positive anti-dsDNA antibody ( p = 0.043), and Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index ≥ 3 ( p = 0.008). Independent risk factors for perioperative transfusion were bilateral THA ( p = 0.029), low hemoglobin ( p = 0.021) and abnormal renal function ( p = 0.021). Conclusion For SLE patients following THA, age > 45 years, SLE with other connective tissue disease, high temperature, positive anti-dsDNA antibody and SLICC/ACR Damage Index ≥ 3 were the risk factors of complications during hospitalization and bilateral THA, low hemoglobin and abnormal renal function were the risk factors of transfusion.

scholarly journals Predictors of renal damage in systemic lupus erythematous patients: data from a multiethnic, multinational Latin American lupus cohort (GLADEL)

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e001299
Author(s):  
Cristina Reátegui-Sokolova ◽  
Manuel F Ugarte-Gil ◽  
Guillermina B Harvey ◽  
Daniel Wojdyla ◽  
Guillermo J Pons-Estel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Systemic Lupus

AimA decrease in proteinuria has been considered protective from renal damage in lupus nephritis (LN), but a cut-off point has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of renal damage in patients with LN and to determine the best cut-off point for a decrease in proteinuria.MethodsWe included patients with LN defined clinically or histologically. Possible predictors of renal damage at the time of LN diagnosis were examined: proteinuria, low complement, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, red cell casts, creatinine level, hypertension, renal activity (assessed by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)), prednisone dose, immunosuppressive drugs and antimalarial use. Sociodemographic variables were included at baseline. Proteinuria was assessed at baseline and at 12 months, to determine if early response (proteinuria <0.8 g/day within 12 months since LN diagnosis) is protective of renal damage occurrence. Renal damage was defined as an increase of one or more points in the renal domain of The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index (SDI). Cox regression models using a backward selection method were performed.ResultsFive hundred and two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus patients were included; 120 patients (23.9%) accrued renal damage during their follow-up. Early response to treatment (HR=0.58), antimalarial use (HR=0.54) and a high SES (HR=0.25) were protective of renal damage occurrence, whereas male gender (HR=1.83), hypertension (HR=1.86) and the renal component of the SLEDAI (HR=2.02) were risk factors for its occurrence.ConclusionsEarly response, antimalarial use and high SES were protective of renal damage, while male gender, hypertension and higher renal activity were risk factors for its occurrence in patients with LN.

scholarly journals FRI0549 RISK OF INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN TAIWAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 876.1-876
Author(s):  
C. F. Su ◽  
C. C. Lai ◽  
T. H. LI ◽  
Y. F. Chang ◽  
Y. T. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infection ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Intravenous Steroid ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background:Infectious disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Among these infections, invasive fungal infection (IFI) carries high mortality rate (25-70%), but the literature of IFI in SLE is limited.Objectives:To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of invasive fungal infection and its subtypes, including candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis, in SLE patients.Methods:All patients with newly diagnosed SLE between 1997-2012 were enrolled from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, with an age- and sex-matched non-SLE control group in a ratio of 1:10. IFI was identified by ICD9 codes1from discharge record and validated by use of systemic anti-fungal agents. The incidence rate (IR), incidence rate ratio (IRR), cause mortality rate of IFI and its subtypes were compared. A Cox multivariate model with time-dependent covariates was applied to analyse the independent risk factors of IFI.Results:A total of 269 951 subjects (24 541 SLE and 245 410 control) were included. There were 445 episodes of IFI in SLE group. Candida was the most common pathogen (52.8%), followed by cryptococcus and aspergillus. The IR of IFI in SLE was 20.83 per 10,000 person-years with an IRR of 11.1 (95% CI 9.8-12.6) compared to the control (figure 1). Kaplan-Meier curve also disclosed a lower IFI-free survival in SLE (figure 2). The all-cause mortality rate was similar between SLE and the control (26.7 vs 25.7%). In SLE, treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (HR=2.24, 95% CI 1.48-3.37), cyclosporin (HR=1.65, 95% CI 1.10-1.75), cyclophosphamide (HR=1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.75), oral daily dose of steroid>5 mg prednisolone (HR=1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.58), and intravenous steroid therapy (HR=29.11, 95% CI 23.30-36.37) were identified as independent risk factors of IFI. Similar analyses were performed for subtypes of IFI. Distinctive risk factors were found between different subtypes of IFI (table 1).Conclusion:SLE patients have a higher risk of IFI. Intravenous steroid therapy is the most important risk factor of IFI. This study provides crucial information for risk stratification of IFI in SLE.References:[1] Winthrop KL, Novosad SA, Baddley JW, et al. Opportunistic infections and biologic therapies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: consensus recommendations for infection reporting during clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Dec; 74(12):2107-2116.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Hematological malignancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis—a case-control study

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Zhang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Panpan Zhang ◽  
Jinyan Guo ◽  
Jinlei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Dsdna Antibody

Abstract Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex multi-system autoimmune disorder. Higher risks of hematological malignancies (HM) were observed in SLE patients, which was associated with higher mortality. The mechanism and risk factors of HM oncogenesis in SLE patients are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to explore clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of SLE patients with or without HM in the Chinese population. Methods A retrospective, case-controlled study was conducted in 72 SLE patients between January 2013 and December 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and compared between the two groups of patients with HM and those without HM. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors of HM oncogenesis. The survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Among 72 SLE patients in this study, fifteen complicated with HM and 57 without HM were identified. The incidence rate of HM was approximately 0.24% with elevated standardized incidence ratios of lymphoma and leukemia (27.559 and 12.708, respectively). Patients with HM were older when diagnosed with SLE, with a higher frequency of infection and splenomegaly, lower levels of hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein compared with those without HM. Fewer patients with HM expressed positive anti-dsDNA antibody (26.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.005) or received hydroxychloroquine treatment (40.0% vs 86.0%, P = 0.001). Older age at SLE diagnosis (OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.037–1.214) was regarded as an independent risk factor of HM oncogenesis. Female (RR= 0.219, 95% CI: 0.070–0.681) and hydroxychloroquine (RR= 0.281, 95% CI: 0.094–0.845) were protective factors of mortality in SLE patients. Conclusions SLE patients with an older age are at an increased risk of HM carcinogenesis. The prognosis of male patients with SLE tends to be poorer whether complicated with HM. The association of antinuclear antibody spectrum, medication, and HM oncogenesis in SLE needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Risk factors for thrombotic events in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Park ◽  
Chang-Seok Yoon ◽  
Sung-Eun Choi ◽  
Haimuzi Xu ◽  
Ji-Hyoun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

AbstractThrombotic events (TE), including deep vein thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction, occur in 30–40% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. We explored the risk factors for TE in SLE patients. We analyzed data obtained during a prospective cohort based on the KORean lupus NETwork (KORNET) registry, and enrolled 259 SLE patients with clinical data available at the onset of SLE. TE was defined as the presence of arterial or venous thrombosis. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazards analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for TE. During a mean follow-up of 103.3 months (SD 53.4), 27 patients (10.4%) had a TE. In multivariate analysis, hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 7.805, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.929–31.581; P = 0.004), anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) (HR 12.600, 95% CI: 4.305–36.292; P < 0.001), mean daily prednisolone > 5 mg/day (HR 3.666, 95% CI: 1.318–10.197; P = 0.013), and SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI) score (HR 1.992, 95% CI: 1.465–2.709; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the development of TE in SLE patients. Instead, use of an ACEi or ARB (HR 0.159, 95% CI: 0.043–0.594; P = 0.006) was a protective factor against TE development in these patients. In conclusion, hypertension, higher mean daily dose of prednisolone, diagnosis of APS, and higher SDI were risk factors for TE in patients with SLE. On the other hand, the use of an ACEi or ARB was associated with a reduced risk of TE.

scholarly journals Bacteremia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients from a Spanish Registry: Risk Factors, Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics, and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Rúa-Figueroa ◽  
Francisco J. López-Longo ◽  
Víctor Del Campo ◽  
María Galindo-Izquierdo ◽  
Esther Uriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Elevated Creatinine

Objective.To describe the incidence of bacteremia in a large multicentric cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their clinical characteristics and to identify risk factors.Methods.All bacteremic episodes from the Spanish RELESSER registry were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics concerning bacteremia and SLE status, as well as comorbidities at the time of infection, were retrospectively collected. A comparison with sex- and age-matched SLE controls without bacteremia was made. A logistic regression was conducted.Results.The study included 114 episodes of bacteremia in 83 patients. The incidence rate was 2.7/1000 patient-years. At the time of bacteremia, the median age was 40.5 (range: 8–90) years, and 88.6% of patients were female. The Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index was 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 8]; 41% had an SLE flare (66% severe); Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index was 3 (IQR 4). A comorbidity was recorded in 64% of cases. At the time of bacteremia, 88.6% received corticosteroids (68.6% > 10 mg/day) and 57% immunosuppressors. Gram-negative bacilli, most frequently Escherichia coli (29.8%), caused 52.6% of the episodes. The bacteremia-related mortality was 14% and bacteremia was recurrent in 27.2% of cases. A dose-response relationship was found between corticosteroids and bacteremia risk. In the multivariate analysis, these factors were associated with bacteremia: elevated creatinine (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.70; p = 0.045), diabetes (OR 6.01, 95% CI 2.26–15.95; p < 0.001), cancer (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.23–12.70; p < 0.001), immunosuppressors (OR 6.35, 95% CI 3.42–11.77; p < 0.001), and damage (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.31–2.09; p < 0.001).Conclusion.Bacteremia occurred mostly in patients with active SLE and was frequently associated with severe flares and corticosteroid use. Recurrence and mortality were high. Immunosuppressors, comorbidities, and disease-related damage were associated with bacteremia.

scholarly journals AB0442 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THROMBOTIC EVENTS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1519.3-1520
Author(s):  
D. J. Park ◽  
S. E. Choi ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
J. H. Kang ◽  
S. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Background:Objectives:Up to 30~40% of all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience thrombosis, presenting as stroke and myocardial infarction, and these thrombotic events cause substantial morbidity and mortality in SLE. We explored the risk factors associated with the occurrence of thrombotic events in SLE patients.Methods:This study enrolled 259 SLE patients (mean age, 34.0 ± 13.7; 239 females) with available clinical data at the time of SLE onset from the lupus cohort at Chonnam National University Hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data, and history of concomitant diseases were obtained. Thrombotic events were defined as the presence of arterial or venous thrombosis. The multivariable Cox’s model was performed to investigate the possible risk factors for thrombotic events.Results:During a mean follow-up of 103.3 months (SD, 53.4), 27 patients (10.4%) developed thrombotic events: stroke in 15 patients, venous thrombosis in five patients, myocardial infarction in four patients, and angina in three patients. In the multivariable Cox’s regression analysis, hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 16.946; P=0.031), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (HR, 18.348; P=0.001), cumulative prednisolone >5 mg/day (HR, 14.374; P<0.001), use of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (HR, 0.110; P=0.004), and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Group (SLICC) damage index (HR, 1.972; P=0.004) were significant predictors of the development of thrombotic events in patients with SLE.Conclusion:Patients with SLE showed significant thrombotic events during the course of their disease. Risk factors associated with thrombotic complications were higher cumulative dose of prednisolone, diagnosis of APS, and higher SLICC damage index. On the other hand, the use of ACEi or ARBs was associated with a reduced risk of thrombotic complications in patients with SLE. Our results support the need for increased monitoring of thrombotic complications in SLE patients.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

Severe pneumonia in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Peng ◽  
Yaling Wang ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Anbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe pneumonia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from China. Method We performed a retrospective study in 112 hospitalized SLE patients who had had pneumonia for 8 years. The primary outcome was severe pneumonia, followed by descriptive analysis, group comparison and bivariate analysis. Results A total of 28 SLE patients were diagnosed with severe pneumonia, with a ratio of 5:23 between men and women. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.36 ± 12.389 years. The median disease duration was 72 months, and the median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K) score was 8. The haematological system was the most affected, with an incidence of anaemia in 85.7% of cases and thrombocytopenia in 75% of cases, followed by lupus nephritis in 50% of cases and central nervous system involvement in 10.71% of cases. Cultured sputum specimens were positive in 17 (68%) SLE patients with severe pneumonia, of whom nine (36%) were cases of fungal infection, five (20%) were cases of bacterial infection and three (12%) were cases of mixed infection. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we concluded that a daily dosage of prednisone (>10 mg; odds ratio (OR) = 3.193, p = 0.005), a low percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes (OR = 0.909, p = 0.000), a high SLEDAI 2K score (OR = 1.182, p = 0.001) and anaemia (OR = 1.182, p = 0.001) were all independent risk factors for pneumonia in SLE patients, while a low percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes (OR = 0.908, p = 0.033), a daily dose of prednisone of >10 mg (OR = 35.67, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in SLE patients. Conclusion Severe pneumonia is not rare in lupus, and is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Monitoring CD4+ T-cell counts and giving a small dose of glucocorticoids can reduce the occurrence of severe pneumonia and improve the prognosis of patients with lupus.

Clinical features and disease damage risk factors in an Egyptian SLE Cohort: A Multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa Afifi ◽  
Samah A. El Bakry ◽  
Nevine Mohannad ◽  
Iman H. Bassyouni ◽  
Nahla F. Abou Elezz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Disease Damage

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a variable natural history and clinical characteristics. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and immunological characteristics, and to assess the disease accrual of an Egyptian SLE cohort. Methods: The study included 569 SLE patients who were collected from three different centers; demographic, laboratory data, cumulative manifestations, and comorbidities were assessed (characteristics at the time of diagnosis were recorded retrospectively, while current clinical data were recorded cross-sectionally). Evaluation of disease activity was done using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score (SLEDAI) and damage by Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Results: The median age of patients at disease onset was 25.0±10.5 years, the median of disease duration was 4.0 (6.5) years, female to male ratio was (12.5:1), and the median SLEDAI was 12.0±14.0. Family history of SLE was noticed in 4%. Antinuclear antibody was positive in all patients and 86% had positive anti-double stranded DNA. Arthritis/arthralgia was the most frequent presenting symptom (44%) followed by fever (39%). Along disease course; alopecia was the most common clinical manifestation (76.1%), followed by constitutional symptoms (75.9%), and nephritis (65.7%). Three hundred and five patients encountered organ damage (SDI >1); kidney damage was the most frequent (32%), followed by cardiovascular damage (24.3%). Neutropenia, hypocomplementemia, arthritis, hypertension, longer disease duration, and higher disease activity were found to be independent risk factors for disease damage. Conclusions: There are some diversities and similarities in our findings, compared to the previously reported data. Arthritis is the most common presenting symptom, while alopecia is the most frequent clinical finding, and higher prevalence of nephritis was reported. Renal damage is the most frequent outcome.

Reconstructive Treatment of Ruptured Blood Blister–like Aneurysms With Stent and Coil

Neurosurgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cheol Lim ◽  
Byung Moon Kim ◽  
Sang Hyun Suh ◽  
Pyoung Jeon ◽  
Sang Heum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND: Controversy remains about the optimal treatment for blood blister--like aneurysms (BBAs). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and angiographic outcomes after reconstructive treatment for BBA with stent and coil. METHODS: Thirty-four patients (6 men, 28 women; mean age, 47.3 years) with ruptured BBAs underwent reconstructive treatment with stent and coil. Posttreatment courses and outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Initial treatments were ≥ 2 overlapping stents with or without coiling (n = 28) and single stent with coiling (n = 6). Three BBAs rebled on days 9, 11, and 15 after treatment, resulting in 1 death. Except for 3 patients who died early, 31 patients were followed up for 7 to 80 months (median, 32 months). One patient recovered completely but died of complications of systemic lupus erythematosus at 25 months. Of the remaining 30 patients, 25 had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale, 0-2) and 5 had unfavorable outcomes. Angiographic follow-up was available in the 32 BBAs. Eight (25.0%) recurred, all within 5 weeks. In the multiple stents group (n = 26), 22 BBAs showed improvement or complete healing, but 4 (15.4%, 2 rebleedings) had recurrence. In the single stent with coiling group (n = 6), 2 BBAs were stable but 4 (66.7%, 1 rebleeding) had recurrence. Single stent with coiling and Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 4 were 2 independent risk factors for recurrence (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSION: Reconstructive treatment with stent and coil appears a viable option for BBAs. Single stent with coiling and Hunt and Hess grade ≥ 4 were 2 independent risk factors for recurrence. Follow-up angiography should be considered mandatory soon after treatment.

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