scholarly journals On the Experience of Awaiting Uncertain News

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Sweeny
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
And Coping

At some point in life, everyone must wait for important news—whether the news from college applications, job interviews, medical tests, academic exams, or even romantic overtures. Until recently, the psychological literature on stress and coping had largely overlooked these common and often distressing experiences. However, the past 5 years have seen significant advances in the understanding of waiting experiences, revealing insights into the nature, time course, and consequences of distress during waiting periods; individual differences in these experiences; and effective and ineffective strategies for coping with this type of uncertainty. This article reviews the emerging findings from this growing literature and provides suggestions for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Stress and Coping Among Public School Principals in a Midwest Metropolitan Sample

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401982954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public School ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public School Principals ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
And Coping

The present study sought to investigate perceptions of stress and coping among public school principals. School principals are daily called upon to make decisions regarding a range of unscripted events. The position can be stressful, and stress is known to interfere with sound decision making. It was predicted that present samples of school principals would report a mean level of elevated stress. Contrary to expectations, school principals did not report an elevated level of stress. They instead reported an ostensibly effective reliance on problem-focused and emotion-focused coping skills. It remains unclear how the school principals developed such adaptive means for coping with the stress of leading schools. It is recommended that future research explore this question so that such skills may be transmitted to principals-in-training.

The Personal Functioning of Pastors: A Review of Empirical Research with Implications for the Care of Pastors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spiritual Functioning ◽  
Divorce Adjustment ◽  
Personal Functioning ◽  
And Coping

The present article surveys the available empirical research on the personal (psychological/spiritual) functioning of pastors. The literature is divided into six major areas: emotional well-being, stress and coping, marital/divorce adjustment, family adjustment, burnout, and impairment. The research in each area is critically reviewed and summarized, and directions for future research are suggested. The primary conclusion is that interpersonal/relational deficits are associated with the vast majority of psychological problems faced by pastors, and thus need to be addressed, particularly at an early stage of the pastor's career.

Meaning in the Context of Stress and Coping

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal L. Park ◽  
Susan Folkman
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
And Coping

Although theoretical and empirical work on topics related to meaning and meaning making proliferate, careful evaluation and integration of this area have not been carried out. Toward this end, this article has 3 goals: (a) to elaborate the critical dimensions of meaning as it relates to stressful life events and conditions, (b) to extend the transactional model of stress and coping to include these dimensions, and (c) to provide a framework for understanding current research and directions for future research within this extended model. First, the authors present a framework for understanding diverse conceptual and operational definitions of meaning by distinguishing 2 levels of meaning, termed global meaning and situationalmeaning. Second, the authors use this framework to review and synthesize the literature on the functions of meaning in the coping process and propose a definition of meaningmaking that highlights the critical role of reappraisal. The authors specify the roles of attributions throughout the coping process and discuss implications for future research.

scholarly journals No effect of ‘watching eyes’: An attempted replication and extension investigating individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Modesta Rotella ◽  
Adam Maxwell Sparks ◽  
Sandeep Mishra ◽  
Pat Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Attempted Replication

Some evidence suggests that people behave more cooperatively and generously when observed or in the presence of images of eyes (termed the ‘watching eyes’ effect). Eye images are thought to trigger feelings of observation, which in turn motivate people to behave more cooperatively to earn a good reputation. However, several recent studies have failed to find evidence of the eyes effect. One possibility is that inconsistent evidence in support of the eyes effect is a product of individual differences in sensitivity or susceptibility to the cue. In fact, some evidence suggests that people who are generally more prosocial are less susceptible to situation-specific reputation-based cues of observation. In this paper, we sought to (1) replicate the eyes effect, (2) replicate the past finding that people who are dispositionally less prosocial are more responsive to observation than people who are more dispositionally more prosocial, and (3) determine if this effect extends to the watching eyes effect. Results from a pre-registered study showed that people did not give more money in a dictator game when decisions were made public or in the presence of eye images, even though participants felt more observed when decisions were public. That is, we failed to replicate the eyes effect and observation effect. An initial, but underpowered) interaction model suggests that egoists give less than prosocials in private, but not public, conditions. This suggests a direction for future research investigating if and how individual differences in prosociality influence observation effects.

scholarly journals “I think I have a problem”. Disclosure of mental health difficulties by friends.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lampard-Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
And Coping

Amidst concerns that the prevalence of young people experiencing a mental health issue is increasing, it is important to understand young people’s responses to mental illness disclosures. Drawing on data from one-on-one interviews with six participants aged between 19 and 22, this paper demonstrates how perceived barriers, age and context changes, and stress and coping responses effect a young person’s response to a mental illness disclosure from friends, and how these responses serve to either prevent or facilitate future help-seeking. Consequently, participants suggested stigma was the most significant impediment to help-seeking behaviours in young people with MHPs. Age and context differences were also highlighted, alongside their effect on the participants’ stress and coping responses to disclosures and perceptions of barriers in mental health. Implications for future research and practice are also outlined.

scholarly journals Coping with the Subjective Impact of COVID-19 among Older Adults in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1037-1037
Author(s):  
David Camacho ◽  
Yamile Marti ◽  
Sunghwan Cho ◽  
Thomas Buckley ◽  
Julia Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
And Coping

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic poses serious physical and mental health risks for older adults worldwide. To develop culturally and contextually congruent services to mitigate these risks requires understanding their stress and coping processes, which remain understudied in Latin America. This study examines qualitative data from 51 adults aged 60 and over who participated in an ongoing study of older Puerto Ricans’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about COVID-19. Trained interviewers collected the data by telephone from January to August, 2021. Two-thirds of participants were female, 60% had less than high school education and 90% had poverty-level incomes. Drawing on Lazarus and Folkman’s Stress and Coping Theory, we conducted a thematic analysis of responses to open-ended questions about the nature and extent of COVID-related stressors, stress management, and meanings and guidance they had gleaned from their experience. Participants perceived the pandemic as an added threat to ongoing chronic stressors (e.g., Hurricane Maria, poverty, political instability); disruptions in daily routines, family cohesion, and grief and loss processes; and increased isolation and loneliness. They reported using cognitive, behavioral, socioemotional and spiritual coping, including positive thinking, keeping occupied, relaxation, religious practices and, in a few cases, social media. Participants highlighted a revitalized appreciation for emotional qualities of relationships, freedom and life in general. Consistent with our guiding theory, cultural, contextual, religious, and socio-political factors shaped their appraisals of stress and their coping strategies. Future research should examine how these practices relate to health outcomes and quality of life and how they can inform effective, appropriate interventions.

Children and Political Violence: An Overview

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Coping

The papers presented in this special section provide an introduction to the area of research on the effects of political violence on children. The articles cover a wide range of topics from the well-researched question of stress and coping to the less often investigated questions of the development of aggression, the long-term effects of political violence, and the evaluation of attempts at reconciliation. In addition, they represent those geographical areas which at present dominate work in this area the Middle East, Northern Ireland, and South Africa. They also illustrate emerging debates concerning resilience versus vulnerability and the effectiveness of outsiders versus insiders as investigators. The research reported here also points to the need for more cross-cultural work. Finally, it is argued that there is a need to understand the collective nature of political violence. This has implications not only for future research methods but, more importantly, for the development of a theoretical basis that is needed for work in this area.

Individual Differences in Dispositional Pessimism, Stress, and Coping as a Function of Task Type

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Thropp ◽  
James L. Szalma ◽  
Jennifer M. Ross ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
And Coping

On the Lived Experience of Sex Offenders’ Therapists: Their Perceptions of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Consequences and Patterns of Coping

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneen Elias ◽  
Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Consequences ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter ◽  
And Coping

In the last two decades, there has been a growing understanding that the therapeutic encounter with sex offenders takes a cost and has consequences on therapists. Despite the increasing research on the consequences of treating sex offenders, these studies in fact, have merely described the consequences, without providing an outlook for how therapists cope with them. The study presented in this article was part of a larger qualitative research project conducted among social workers, using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Emphasis is placed on therapists’ perceptions of the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences they experience from treating sex offenders, as well as the strategies they use to cope with these consequences. The study’s central findings concern the therapists’ perception of the intrapersonal consequences, which included two levels: primary responses and cumulative responses, and their perception of the interpersonal consequences that included their parenting relationships, intimate relationships, their attitude toward others (strangers and acquaintances), loss of their quality of life, and further positive consequences. The findings indicated a sequence and integrated use of the strategies to cope with the consequences. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework of Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory. The limitations of the study as well as its implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Positive Lifestyle and Wellness Interventions to Inform the Development of a Comprehensive Health Promotion Program: “HealthPro”

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. P. Schuette ◽  
Evelyn Cordero ◽  
Katherine Slosburg ◽  
Elizabeth L. Addington ◽  
David Victorson
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Background. Lifestyle medicine has emerged as a transformational force in mainstream health care. Numerous health promotion and wellness programs have been created to facilitate the adoption of increased positive, modifiable health behaviors to prevent and lessen the effects of chronic disease. This article provides a scoping review of available health promotion interventions that focus on healthy adult populations in the past 10 years. Methods. We conducted a scoping review of the literature searching for health promotion interventions in the past 10 years. Interventions were limited to those conducted among healthy adults that offered a face-to-face, group-based format, with positive results on one or more health outcomes. We then developed a new health promotion intervention that draws on multiple components of included interventions. Results. Fifty-eight articles met our inclusion criteria. Physical activity was the primary focus of a majority (N = 47) of articles, followed by diet/nutrition (N = 40) and coping/social support (N = 40). Conclusions. Efficacious health promotion interventions are critical to address the prevention of chronic disease by addressing modifiable risk factors such as exercise, nutrition, stress, and coping. A new intervention, discussed is this article, provides a comprehensive approaches to health behavior change and may be adapted for future research.

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