Collective Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Individual

When analyzing situations in which multiple people are experiencing emotions together—whether the emotions are positive or negative and whether the situations are online or offline—we are intuitively drawn to the emotions of each individual in the situation. However, this type of analysis often seems incomplete. In many of the cases in which people experience emotions together, there appear to be emergent macrolevel affective processes that cannot be readily captured at the individual level. In this article, we examine these macrolevel affective phenomena, which are termed collective emotions. We open with a general review of research on collective psychological processes. We then define collective emotions and discuss their key features. Next, we focus our attention on the emergent properties of collective emotions and map them using three dimensions: quality, magnitude, and time course. Finally, we discuss pressing open questions and future directions for research on collective emotions.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
James Gross
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
The Individual

When analyzing situations in which multiple people are experiencing emotions together – whether the emotions are positive or negative, and whether the situations are online or offline – we are intuitively drawn to the emotions of each individual in the situation. However, this type of analysis often seems incomplete. In many of the cases in which people experience emotions together, there appear to be emergent macro-level affective processes that cannot be readily captured at the individual level. This paper examines these macro-level affective phenomena, termed collective emotions. We open with a general review of research on collective psychological processes. We then define collective emotions and discuss their key features. Next, we focus our attention on the emergent properties of collective emotions and map them using three dimensions: quality, magnitude, and time course. Finally, we discuss pressing open questions and future directions.

scholarly journals How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake News?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Jon Roozenbeek ◽  
Rakoen Maertens ◽  
Melisa Basol ◽  
Ondřej Kácha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Motivated Cognition ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In recent years, interest in the psychology of fake news has rapidly increased. We outline the various interventions within psychological science aimed at countering the spread of fake news and misinformation online, focusing primarily on corrective (debunking) and pre-emptive (prebunking) approaches. We also offer a research agenda of open questions within the field of psychological science that relate to how and why fake news spreads and how best to counter it: the longevity of intervention effectiveness; the role of sources and source credibility; whether the sharing of fake news is best explained by the motivated cognition or the inattention accounts; and the complexities of developing psychometrically validated instruments to measure how interventions affect susceptibility to fake news at the individual level.

scholarly journals Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Sutherland ◽  
Gillian Rhodes ◽  
Nichola Burton ◽  
Andrew Young
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Influential facial impression models have repeatedly shown that trustworthiness, youthful-attractiveness and dominance dimensions subserve a wide variety of first impressions formed from strangers’ faces, suggestive of a shared social reality. However, these models are built from impressions aggregated across observers. Critically, recent work has now shown that inter-observer agreement in facial impressions is less than perfect, raising the important question of whether these dimensional models are meaningful at the individual-observer level. We addressed this question using a novel case series approach, building individual models of facial impressions for different observers. Strikingly, three dimensions of trustworthiness, youthful/attractiveness and competence/dominance appeared across the majority of individual observer models, demonstrating that the dimensional approach is indeed meaningful at the individual level. Nonetheless, we also found striking differences in the stability of the competence/dominance dimension across observers. Taken together, results suggest that individual differences in impressions arise in the context of a largely common structure that supports a shared social reality.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-134
Author(s):  
Daniel Oro
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Animal Groups ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Share Information

Complex social animal groups behave as self-organized, single structures: they feed together, they defend against predators together, they escape from perturbations and disperse and migrate together and they share information. It is modestly evident that many individuals sharing information about their environment may be more successful in coping with perturbations than solitary individuals gathering information on their own. The group exists for and by means of all the individuals, and these exist for and by means of the group. Social groups have emergent properties that cannot be easily explained by either selection or self-organization. Yet, sociality has been shaped by the two forces. How sociality has evolved by selection is puzzling also because it confronts the benefits of the group versus the benefits of the individual, which is a historically debated theme. There are many other open questions about sociality that I have explored in this book. But in the end, the process that has fascinated me the most is social copying. Despite the sophisticated mechanisms evolved in increasing information in social groups—which has culminated in humans with language and technological interconnections—it is impressive how a simple behaviour such as social copying has maintained its strength when individuals make any kind of decisions, from insignificant to transcendent....

scholarly journals The Nature of Unconscious Attention to Subliminal Cues

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad ◽  
Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Spatial Cuing ◽  
Attentional System ◽  
The Individual

Attentional selection in humans is mostly determined by what is important to them or by the saliency of the objects around them. How our visual and attentional system manage these various sources of attentional capture is one of the most intensely debated issues in cognitive psychology. Along with the traditional dichotomy of goal-driven and stimulus-driven theories, newer frameworks such as reward learning and selection history have been proposed as well to understand how a stimulus captures attention. However, surprisingly little is known about the different forms of attentional control by information that is not consciously accessible to us. In this article, we will review several studies that have examined attentional capture by subliminal cues. We will specifically focus on spatial cuing studies that have shown through response times and eye movements that subliminal cues can affect attentional selection. A majority of these studies have argued that attentional capture by subliminal cues is entirely automatic and stimulus-driven. We will evaluate their claims of automaticity and contrast them with a few other studies that have suggested that orienting to unconscious cues proceeds in a manner that is contingent with the top-down goals of the individual. Resolving this debate has consequences for understanding the depths and the limits of unconscious processing. It has implications for general theories of attentional selection as well. In this review, we aim to provide the current status of research in this domain and point out open questions and future directions.

scholarly journals Academic neurosurgery in the UK: present and future directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1128) ◽  
pp. 524-530
Author(s):  
Mueez Waqar ◽  
Benjamin M Davies ◽  
Rasheed Zakaria ◽  
Damiano G Barone ◽  
Angelos G Kolias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Academic neurosurgery encompasses basic science and clinical research efforts to better understand and treat diseases of relevance to neurosurgical practice, with the overall aim of improving treatment and outcome for patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the current and future directions of British academic neurosurgery. Training pathways are considered together with personal accounts of experiences of structured integrated clinical academic training and unstructured academic training. Life as an academic consultant is also described. Funding is explored, for the specialty as a whole and at the individual level. UK academic neurosurgical organisations are highlighted. Finally, the UK’s international standing is considered.

The relationship between social capital and potential resilience in individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hahn, MA, MBA ◽  
Tierra L. Willis, MA ◽  
A. Ruthie Christie, MA ◽  
Samuel R. Mathews, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Scales Of Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To examine the relationship between social capital and potential resilience at the individual level from the perspective of emergency management.Methods: The authors used an online survey tool to present various scales of measurement related to the variables of social capital and potential resilience. Results: It was predicted that social capital and demographics, such as income, would be positively related to potential resilience. Overall, results indicated that income (β = 0.33, p < 0.01) and social capital (β = 0.32, p < 0.01) were both significant predictors of potential resilience. Implications and future directions for research and practices are discussed.

Do empowered employees absorb knowledge?

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Siachou ◽  
Panagiotis Gkorezis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The present study aims to contribute to the limited empirical research regarding the individual level antecedents of absorptive capacity (AC). In this vein, the authors examined the impact of employees' psychological empowerment (PE) dimensions on their AC. Moreover, the authors explored the magnitude of the relationship between one of PE four dimensions, namely competence, and AC compared to that of the rest three dimensions of PE. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected data from 100 private employees working in two manufacturing organizations. In order to investigate the hypotheses, the authors conducted hierarchical regression and usefulness analysis. Findings – As predicted, the present results showed that all four PE dimensions affected employees' AC. Furthermore, competence demonstrated the strongest impact among all PE dimensions. Research limitations/implications – Data were drawn from two manufacturing organizations located in specific geographical area. Thus, this may constrain the generalizability of the results. Also, the cross-sectional analysis of the data cannot directly assess causality. Originality/value – To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study examining the relationship between PE and AC.

scholarly journals The Developmental Trajectories of Calling: Predictors and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Vianello ◽  
Elisa Maria Galliani ◽  
Anna Dalla Rosa ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

There are many open questions concerning the development of calling, and longitudinal empirical evidence is limited. We know that a calling is associated with many beneficial outcomes, but we do not know how it changes through time and what predicts these changes. Previous studies have shown that calling is relatively stable at the sample level. We show that, at the individual level, calling shows huge variations through time. We identified nine developmental trajectories that are typical across facets of calling, and we found evidence that the development of a calling is fostered by the extent to which individuals have lived it out. We also observed that the more a calling has grown over a 2-year period, the more it is lived out during the third year. These results provide support for a developmental model of calling according to which having a calling and living it out reciprocally influence each other. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Lonely places or lonely people? Investigating the relationship between loneliness and place of residence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R Victor ◽  
Jitka Pikhartova
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Area Classification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background: Loneliness in later life is largely presented as a problem of the individual focusing upon antecedents such as demographic or health factors. Research examining the role of the broader living environments is much rarer. We examined the relationship between loneliness and three dimensions of the lived environment: geographical region, deprivation, and area classification (urban or rural).Methods: Our sample consisted of 4,663 core members (44% males) aged 50+ (wave 7 mean age 72.8, S.D.= 7.1) present both in waves 3 (2006) and 7 (2014) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Loneliness was measured using two approaches, individual and area-based, and both waves included these questions. Individual-based (self-reported) loneliness was assessed using the three item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scale (ranging from 3 =not lonely to 9= lonely with a score of 6+ defining loneliness. We also used a novel question which asked participants to evaluate how often they felt lonely in their area of residence (area-based; ranging from 1=often to 7=never, using cut off 4+ to define loneliness). The lived environment was classified in three different ways: the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Government Office Regions (GOR), and area classification (urban or rural). Covariates with established relationship with loneliness including demographic factors, social engagement and health, were included in the analyses. Results: In wave 7, the prevalence of individual-based loneliness was 18% and area-based was 25%. There was limited congruence between measures: 68% participants reported no individual- or area-based loneliness and 9% reported loneliness for both measures. After adjusting for individual co-variates only one significant relationship was observed between loneliness and area -based characteristics. A significant association was observed between area-based loneliness and deprivation score, with higher levels of loneliness in more deprived areas (OR=1.4 for highest quintile of deprivation). Conclusions: Our results indicate that loneliness in older adults is higher in the most deprived areas independent of individual-level factors. In order to develop appropriate interventions further research is required to investigate how area-level factors combine with individual-level loneliness vulnerability measures to generate increased levels of loneliness in deprived areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document