scholarly journals The Developmental Trajectories of Calling: Predictors and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Vianello ◽  
Elisa Maria Galliani ◽  
Anna Dalla Rosa ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

There are many open questions concerning the development of calling, and longitudinal empirical evidence is limited. We know that a calling is associated with many beneficial outcomes, but we do not know how it changes through time and what predicts these changes. Previous studies have shown that calling is relatively stable at the sample level. We show that, at the individual level, calling shows huge variations through time. We identified nine developmental trajectories that are typical across facets of calling, and we found evidence that the development of a calling is fostered by the extent to which individuals have lived it out. We also observed that the more a calling has grown over a 2-year period, the more it is lived out during the third year. These results provide support for a developmental model of calling according to which having a calling and living it out reciprocally influence each other. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals The Developmental Trajectories of Calling: Predictors and Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Vianello ◽  
Elisa Maria Galliani ◽  
Anna Dalla Rosa ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Third ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

There are many open questions on the development of calling, and longitudinal empirical evidence is limited. We know that a calling is associated with many beneficial outcomes, but we do not know how it changes through time and what predicts these changes. Previous studies showed that calling is relatively stable at the sample level. We show that, at the individual level, calling shows huge variations through time. We identified nine developmental trajectories that are typical across facets of calling, and found evidence that the development of a calling is fostered by the extent to which individuals have lived it out. We also observed that the more a calling has grown over two years, the more it is lived out during the third year. These results provide support for a developmental model of calling according to which having a calling and living it out reciprocally influence each other. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake News?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Jon Roozenbeek ◽  
Rakoen Maertens ◽  
Melisa Basol ◽  
Ondřej Kácha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Motivated Cognition ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In recent years, interest in the psychology of fake news has rapidly increased. We outline the various interventions within psychological science aimed at countering the spread of fake news and misinformation online, focusing primarily on corrective (debunking) and pre-emptive (prebunking) approaches. We also offer a research agenda of open questions within the field of psychological science that relate to how and why fake news spreads and how best to counter it: the longevity of intervention effectiveness; the role of sources and source credibility; whether the sharing of fake news is best explained by the motivated cognition or the inattention accounts; and the complexities of developing psychometrically validated instruments to measure how interventions affect susceptibility to fake news at the individual level.

The Role of Knowledge Sharing in Raising the Task Innovativeness of Systems Analysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Reychav ◽  
Eric W. Stein ◽  
Jacob Weisberg ◽  
Chanan Glezer
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Expertise Sharing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Systems Analysts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between creativity and innovation at the individual level and how knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between these two constructs. A survey was conducted that measured individual creativity, innovativeness, and four types of knowledge sharing: explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge (e.g., experience, know-how, and expertise) sharing. It was postulated that the type of knowledge mediates the relationship between creativity and the innovativeness of task performance among systems analysts. The results show that creativity was positively related to task innovativeness. This relationship was mediated negatively by explicit knowledge sharing but positively mediated by tacit knowledge sharing based on know-how among project team members. These results have implications for system development and implementation projects.

scholarly journals A influência do Gestor e sua Ação Frente ao Risco no Processo de Internacionalização: Uma Meta-Síntese

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-300
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Ribeiro Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Adriana Roseli Wunsch Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: The objective is to understand how the manager's behavior and action in relation to risk influence and shape the internationalization processes.Methodology/Approach: A meta-synthesis study of qualitative case studies was carried out jointly involving the manager's influence and the action in relation to risk.Originality/Value: The literature recognizes that the different relationships established with risk can cause managers to overestimate or underestimate situations. However, there is little empirical evidence of how the manager's behavior in these situations changes his strategic choices and background, and a study emphasizing the individual level is significant.Findings: It can be said that the manager and his background influence the involvement and organizational development throughout the internationalization process. It is still possible to highlight that there is a predecessor to risk action, which is the perception of risks. In addition, it appears that the cognitive characteristics of these managers must also be considered when analyzing their perception of risks.Theoretical/Methodological contributions: As a contribution to the research, it is suggested that the manager's action in relation to risk is complemented by his/her perception of risk. It is believed that with this perspective of risk perception, research in the area can expand the theoretical scope of explanation, where this perception presents itself as a predecessor and a frame for future decisions and actions.

Turnout

2020 ◽  
pp. 409-426
Author(s):  
Pedro Riera
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Established Democracies

Voters’ turnout is always a crucial aspect in our explanation of election outcomes. A high turnout is often said to give legitimacy to the democratic system. Moreover, turnout usually has distributive effects: parties’ vote shares depend on the levels of turnout registered in a given election. My chapter has the following four aims. First of all, it offers a broad picture of electoral participation in Spain by comparing its level with data in other established democracies. Second, I examine the evolution of turnout in Spain and include information on the different types of elections that take place in the country. The third part of the chapter is devoted to studying the determinants of turnout at the aggregate (electoral district) level. Finally, I analyse what sources of variation in turnout exist at the individual level by taking into account the effect of three main groups of explanatory factors: sociodemographic, attitudinal, and economic.

Collective Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Individual

When analyzing situations in which multiple people are experiencing emotions together—whether the emotions are positive or negative and whether the situations are online or offline—we are intuitively drawn to the emotions of each individual in the situation. However, this type of analysis often seems incomplete. In many of the cases in which people experience emotions together, there appear to be emergent macrolevel affective processes that cannot be readily captured at the individual level. In this article, we examine these macrolevel affective phenomena, which are termed collective emotions. We open with a general review of research on collective psychological processes. We then define collective emotions and discuss their key features. Next, we focus our attention on the emergent properties of collective emotions and map them using three dimensions: quality, magnitude, and time course. Finally, we discuss pressing open questions and future directions for research on collective emotions.

scholarly journals The Cyclicality of Skill Acquisition: Evidence from Panel Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Méndez ◽  
Facundo Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents new empirical evidence regarding the cyclicality of skill acquisition activities. The paper studies both training and schooling episodes at the individual level using quarterly data from the NLSY79 for a period of 19 years. We find that aggregate schooling is strongly countercyclical, while aggregate training is acyclical. Several training categories, however, behave procyclically. The results also indicate that firm-financed training is procyclical, while training financed through other means is countercyclical; and that the cyclicality of skill acquisition investments depends significantly on the educational level and the employment status of the individual. (JEL E24, E32, I20, J24)

scholarly journals Disagreement and Deliberation: Evidence from Three Deliberative Mini-Publics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Grönlund ◽  
Kaisa Herne ◽  
Kim Strandberg ◽  
Peter Söderlund
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Citizen Deliberation

AbstractThis article is based on three experiments in citizen deliberation. We ask whether disagreement at group level as well as at individual level influence participants’ experiences of deliberation. In all three experiments, participants discussed in small groups and answered surveys before and after deliberations. The experiments were population-based with random selection. The topic of the first deliberation was nuclear power, the second dealt with immigration, and the third concerned policies for a language spoken by a national minority. The degree of group level disagreement was subject to experimental manipulation. In the first experiment, all the participants discussed in groups with mixed opinions. In the second experiment, participants were first categorized according to their baseline views, and then randomly allocated into either mixed or like-minded groups. In the third experiment, everyone discussed in like-minded groups. A trained facilitator moderated all small group discussions in the first two experiments. In the language experiment, the participants were randomly assigned into two treatments: groups with both moderation and deliberative norms, and ‘placebo’ groups. Our dependent variables consist of participants’ self-reported experiences of being heard in the discussion, and their feelings of mutual respect. The results show that all participants—regardless of group level disagreement—tend to be satisfied with deliberation. The only exception is the first experiment, where disagreement decreased process satisfaction slightly. At the individual level, participants’ deviation from the group mean had almost no effect.

scholarly journals Testing The Effect of an Integrated-Intervention To Promote Access to Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare and Rights Among Women With Disabilities In Ghana: A Quasi-Experimental Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Ganle ◽  
Charlotte Ofori ◽  
Samuel Dery
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Facility Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: There is evidence that women with disabilities (WWDs) experience the most difficulty accessing and using sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHRs) services and information worldwide. However, there are currently no workable interventions to reach WWDs with essential SRHR services. This study aims to test the effect of an integrated health facility and individual-level intervention on access to SRHRs information and services among sexually active WWDs aged 15-49years in Ghana. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design with four arms will be implemented in four districts in the Northern region of Ghana to test the effect of three inter-related interventions. The inventions are (1) capacity building in disability-centred SRHRs information and service delivery for healthcare providers, (2) support for WWDs to access disability-unfriendly healthcare infrastructure, and (3) one-on-one regular SRHRs education, information provision, and referral. The first two interventions are at the health-facility level while the third one is at the individual/family level. The first arm of the experiment will expose eligible WWDs to all three interventions. In the second arm, WWDs will be exposed to only the two-health facility-level interventions. The third arm will expose WWDs to only the individual level intervention. The forth arm will constitute the control group. A total of 680 (170 in each arm) sexually active women with physical disability and visual impairments will take part in the study over a period of 12months. To assess the effect of the interventions on key study outcomes (i.e. awareness about, and use of modern contraceptive, ANC attendance, and skilled delivery among parous women), pre- and post-intervention surveys will be conducted. Difference-in-Difference analysis will be used to examine the effect of each intervention in comparison to the control group, while controlling for effect modifiers. Cost-effectiveness analyses will also be conducted on the three-intervention arms vis a vis changes in key outcome measures to identify which of the three interventions is likely to yield greater impact with lower costs. Discussion: Lack of access to SRHRs information and services for WWDs is not only a violation of their right to appropriate and quality SRH care but could also undermine efforts to achieve equitable healthcare access as envisaged under SDG 3. This research is expected to generate evidence to inform local health programmes to increase access to SRHRs among WWDs by strengthening local health system capacity to provide disability-sensitive SRHRs services.

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