scholarly journals Depictions of deception: A corpus-based analysis of five Shakespearean characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-274
Author(s):  
Dawn Archer ◽  
Mathew Gillings
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Lady Macbeth ◽  
First Folio

Drawing on the Enhanced Shakespearean Corpus: First Folio Plus and using corpus-based methods, this article explores, quantitatively and qualitatively, Shakespeare’s depictions of five deceptive characters (Aaron, Tamora, Iago, Lady Macbeth and Falstaff). Our analysis adopts three strands: firstly, statistical keywords relating to each character are examined to determine what this tells us about their natures more generally. Secondly, the wordlists produced for each of the five characters are drawn upon to determine the extent to which they make use of linguistic features that have been correlated with, or linked to, acts of deliberate deception in real-world contexts. Thirdly, we make use of the results identified during the two aforementioned strands by using them to identify particular (sequences of) turns that are worthy of more detailed analysis. Here, we are primarily interested in (a) whether these keywords/deceptive indicators cluster or co-occur and (b) whether these interactions are the same as those identified by other scholars exploring depictions of deception in Shakespeare from a literary perspective. The findings indicate that deception-related features are indeed used collectively/in close proximity, by Shakespeare, at points where a character speaks to other characters disingenuously. They also suggest that Shakespeare’s deceptive depictions do change stylistically, from character to character, in line with those characters’ different characterisations and situations, that Shakespeare draws on atypical language features – such as self-oriented references – when it comes to some of his depictions of deception and that Shakespeare uses these various stylistic features to achieve a range of dramatic effect(s).

scholarly journals DDoS-Capable IoT Malwares: Comparative Analysis and Mirai Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele De Donno ◽  
Nicola Dragoni ◽  
Alberto Giaretta ◽  
Angelo Spognardi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Denial Of Service ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution has not only carried the astonishing promise to interconnect a whole generation of traditionally “dumb” devices, but also brought to the Internet the menace of billions of badly protected and easily hackable objects. Not surprisingly, this sudden flooding of fresh and insecure devices fueled older threats, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we first propose an updated and comprehensive taxonomy of DDoS attacks, together with a number of examples on how this classification maps to real-world attacks. Then, we outline the current situation of DDoS-enabled malwares in IoT networks, highlighting how recent data support our concerns about the growing in popularity of these malwares. Finally, we give a detailed analysis of the general framework and the operating principles of Mirai, the most disruptive DDoS-capable IoT malware seen so far.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in the Generation of Lift Force

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garv Shah ◽  
Aman Singhal ◽  
Raadnya Apte ◽  
Rushaad Dupetawalla
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Lift Force ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Conservation Of Momentum ◽  
Bernoulli’S Theorem ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Newton’S Laws ◽  
Aerodynamic Lift

In this paper, we will be performing a detailed analysis of the application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in aviation and aerodynamics. The aim of our experiment and consequently this paper is to verify the application of Bernoulli’s Theorem in the aviation industry. In the field of aerodynamics, Bernoulli’s Theorem has been specifically used in shaping the wings of an aircraft. Over the years, however there has been a significant controversy in the aviation industry regarding the generation of lift force, especially the applicability of Newton’s Third Law of Motion along with Bernoulli’s Theorem. The controversy seems to be due to a combined effect of Newton’s and Bernoulli’s theorems’ (e.g. ‘Equal Transit Time Theory’), which may be incorrectly applied in the real world. Further, it seems that people are over-simplifying the problem of aerodynamic lift leading to the dismissal of either one of the theorems, when in reality both the theorems seem to be at play, as explained in this paper. For the generation of lift in air, momentum, mass and energy need to be conserved. Newton’s laws take into account the conservation of momentum, whereas Bernoulli’s Theorem considers the conservation of energy. Hence, they are both relevant for the generation of lift in air. However, no one has been able to determine accurately the working of both these theorems in the process of providing lift to an aircraft. Through this research paper, we have been able to prove the effect of Bernoulli’s Theorem in generating lift in air.

scholarly journals Host contact dynamics shapes richness and dominance of pathogen strains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pinotti ◽  
Éric Fleury ◽  
Didier Guillemot ◽  
Pierre-Yves Böelle ◽  
Chiara Poletto
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Real World ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Contact Dynamics ◽  
Contact Behavior ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractThe interaction among multiple microbial strains affects the spread of infectious diseases and the efficacy of interventions. Genomic tools have made it increasingly easy to observe pathogenic strains diversity, but the best interpretation of such diversity has remained difficult because of relationships with host and environmental factors. Here, we focus on host-to-host contact behavior and study how it changes populations of pathogens in a minimal model of multi-strain interaction. We simulated a population of identical strains competing by mutual exclusion and spreading on a dynamical network of hosts according to a stochastic susceptible-infectious-susceptible model. We computed ecological indicators of diversity and dominance in strain populations for a collection of networks illustrating various properties found in real-world examples. Heterogeneities in the number of contacts among hosts were found to reduce diversity and increase dominance by making the repartition of strains among infected hosts more uneven, while strong community structure among hosts increased strain diversity. We found that the introduction of strains associated with hosts entering and leaving the system led to the highest pathogenic richness at intermediate turnover levels. These results were finally illustrated using the spread of Staphylococcus aureus in a long-term health-care facility where close proximity interactions and strain carriage were collected simultaneously. We found that network structural and temporal properties could account for a large part of the variability observed in strain diversity. These results show how stochasticity and network structure affect the population ecology of pathogens and warns against interpreting observations as unambiguous evidence of epidemiological differences between strains.Author summaryPathogens are structured in multiple strains that interact and co-circulate on the same host population. This ecological diversity affects, in many cases, the spread dynamics and the efficacy of vaccination and antibiotic treatment. Thus understanding its biological and host-behavioral drivers is crucial for outbreak assessment and for explaining trends of new-strain emergence. We used stochastic modeling and network theory to quantify the role of host contact behavior on strain richness and dominance. We systematically compared multi-strain spread on different network models displaying properties observed in real-world contact patterns. We then analyzed the real-case example of Staphylococcus aureus spread in a hospital, leveraging on a combined dataset of carriage and close proximity interactions. We found that contact dynamics has a profound impact on a strain population. Contact heterogeneity, for instance, reduces strain diversity by reducing the number of circulating strains and leading few strains to dominate over the others. These results have important implications in disease ecology and in the epidemiological interpretation of biological data.

RF-ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Han Ding ◽  
Linwei Zhai ◽  
Cui Zhao ◽  
Songjiang Hou ◽  
Ge Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Real World ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Propagation Effect ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Unseen Objects

This paper presents a non-invasive design, namely RF-ray, to recognize the shape and material of an object simultaneously. RF-ray puts the object approximate to an RFID tag array, and explores the propagation effect as well as coupling effect between RFIDs and the object for sensing. In contrast to prior proposals, RF-ray is capable to recognize unseen objects, including unseen shape-material pairs and unseen materials within a certain container. To make it real, RF-ray introduces a sensing capability enhancement module and leverages a two-branch neural network for shape profiling and material identification respectively. Furthermore, we incorporate a Zero-Shot Learning based embedding module that incorporates the well-learned linguistic features to generalize RF-ray to recognize unseen materials. We build a prototype of RF-ray using commodity RFID devices. Comprehensive real-world experiments demonstrate our system can achieve high object recognition performance.

Chapters in Narratives: Evidence From Oral Histories of the First Year in College

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Pillemer ◽  
Lynne Krensky ◽  
Sandra N. Kleinman ◽  
Lynn R. Goldsmith ◽  
Sheldon H. White
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Abstract Thirty college students provided 20-min oral accounts of their first year in college. One week later, each participant divided a typed transcript of his or her memory narrative into self-defined chapters. Two independent coders also "chapterized" all 30 narratives according to their own self-defined criteria. There was considerable agreement among coders and participants in both the number of chapters per narrative and the location of chapter breaks within the narrative. The chapters were approximately the same length as written individual memories obtained in earlier questionnaire studies using similar subjects. In follow-up interviews about the chapterizing process, men were more likely than women to define memory chapters by topics, whereas women were more likely than men to define chapters by emotions. Although the overall incidence of specific memo-ries in the oral histories was low, specific memories were overrepresented in opening chapters and they tended to occur in close proximity to each other throughout the narratives. The memory chapter appears to be a useful and meaningful unit for detailed analysis of extended narratives. (Psychology)

Implementing auralized CPB sounds on a pedestrian simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3085-3096
Author(s):  
Francisco Soares ◽  
Frederico Pereira ◽  
Emanuel Silva ◽  
Carlos Silva ◽  
Emanuel Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Determining Factor

Recently, several studies on pedestrian safety and particularly those addressing pedestrian crossing behaviour and decision-making, have been performed using virtual reality systems. The use of simulators to assess pedestrian behaviour is conditioned by the feeling of presence and immersion, for which the sound is a determining factor. This paper presents an implementation procedure in which tyre-road noise samples are auralized and presented as auditory stimuli in a virtual environment, for assessing pedestrian crossing decision-making. The auditory samples obtained through the Close Proximity (CPX) method and subsequently auralized to represent Controlled Pass-By (CPB) sounds reproduce the sounds of a vehicle approaching a crosswalk. The auralized sounds together with the presentation of visual stimuli composed an experiment which was carried out with 30 participants. Safety indicators, as the time-to-passage at the moment that participants decided to cross a virtual crosswalk and the minimum time-to-collision were registered and compared with data obtained in real-world road crossings. A comparison with real world data points to a close alignment between results obtained in virtual and real environments, indicating a good suitability of the approach for studying pedestrian crossing behaviour.

Individual Differences in Distance Estimation: Comparison of Judgments in the Field with Those from Projected Slides of the Same Scenes

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Fine ◽  
John L. Kobrick
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
True Target ◽  
Comparative Accuracy ◽  
Photographic Slides ◽  
The Individual

This study was designed to determine the comparative accuracy with which trained and untrained observers could judge distances to a target and to assess the correspondence of those judgments with other judgments, by the same observers, from photographic slides of the same target and scene at identical viewing distances. 9 experienced and 15 untrained observers estimated distances ranging from 600 co 1550 m in 50-m increments. Photographic slides were made of the target at each distance and, 1 mo. later, observers made the same judgments from the slides. It was found that averages of the group's judgments in the field very closely approximated true target distances. However, judgments of the individual observers were so erratic and inaccurate as to render questionable the interpretation of those averages. In addition, while the averages of the group indicated that judgments from two-dimensional slides could be substituted for three-dimensional real-world judgments, detailed analysis of the individual observers' performances dramatically contradicted this conclusion.

Anglo-Saxon charters: the work of the last twenty years

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Old English ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Historical Society ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Christ Church

1973 is an auspicious year for the study of the charters of the pre-Conquest period. At the time of writing, the publication of Professor A. Campbell's Anglo-Saxon Charters I, The Charters of Rochester is imminent. This is the first volume in a series in which the entire corpus of pre-Conquest charters is to be edited with full critical apparatus, with detailed analysis of their diplomatic, palaeographical, topographical and linguistic features and with extensive glossaries and indices. Professor Campbell's volume is part of a collaborative enterprise organized by a committee of The British Academy and The Royal Historical Society. When the series is complete, historians will no longer need to reiterate W. H. Stevenson's famous dictum, ‘It cannot be said that the Old English charters have yet been edited.’ One significant feature of the scheme deserves to be noted here; each volume will cover the charters of an archive that was in existence towards the end of the Old English period. Thus there will be one volume for Rochester, another for Christ Church, Canterbury, another for Exeter, another for Burton Abbey, and so on. Small archives will be grouped together with others from the same region or diocese to form suitable volumes. In this way the organization of the edition will itself reveal the local character of Anglo-Saxon charters which is so marked throughout their history. It will also bring to light the work of forgers for individual churches developing their claims to particular lands and rights by means of charters of apparently widely differing dates.

Linguistic Perspectives on Register

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Goulart ◽  
Bethany Gray ◽  
Shelley Staples ◽  
Amanda Black ◽  
Aisha Shelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Register Studies

Language users change their written and spoken language according to the situational characteristics and communicative purpose of production—that is, according to the register being produced. Research on registers has focused on register description or patterns of register variation, on detailed analysis of individual linguistic features or an account for the use of a broad range of linguistic features, and on the distinction between written and spoken registers. In this review, we survey register studies according to the register being investigated: spoken, written, electronic/online, literary, or historical. This survey also shows that recent register studies have focused on more specialized written and spoken domains and that the use of corpus linguistics tools and advanced statistical methods such as multidimensional analysis has allowed for broad analyses of the language used in different registers. Finally, we point to areas of register research that need further investigation.

Political Leader’s Speech Portrait as a Soft Power Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Н. Медведева ◽  
N. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Masses

A large number of linguistic studies have been devoted to the analysis of the techniques and kinds of language used by politicians to reinforce ideologies in the masses and to attain specific objectives. Nevertheless the constant change in the contexts of political discourse necessitates new research in the field. This paper is an attempt to highlight individual linguistic features of President of Chechen Republic Ramsan Kadyrov to understand the nature of motivational arguments he uses to persuade his audiences towards political aims. Although the analysis draws inspiration from classical works, it focuses on the discussion of real-world contexts of political life in Chechya which called for ideological, social and political changes in the country in the years 2005 -2013. Since leaders’ speeches are the texts prepared by speech writers more spontaneous interview material has been chosen for the analysis. The content analysis of 0Kadyrov’s interviews made it possible to detect the vector of ongoing changes in Chechen Republic. At the same time the article concludes that to make judgments about public political person’s portrait requires a focus on the long-term period of leader’s presidency, with special focus on national peculiarities. However, the analysis allows to say they Kadyrov is a charismatic personality guided by the decisions based on what would be best for the his country and its people.

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