Investigation on the morphology, thermal properties, and in vitro cytotoxicity of the fish scale particulates filled high-density polyethylene composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Composite

The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and fish scale particulates are in the ratio of 10:3 (matrix 100 g:filler 30 g) which is filled and blended with thermoplastic composites and are then fabricated by the injection molding machine. In this work, the thermal energy absorption is obtained as 103.9 J g−1 that melts onset temperature at 121.75°C and melts peak temperature at 129.98°C of the specimen using differential scanning calorimetry instrument. A gradual mass degradation and decomposition of the prepared samples were analyzed from the thermogravimetric analysis. Evaluation of microstructure, surface morphology, and elemental analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope. The presence of functional groups in the polymeric materials was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity testing of composites has been carried out using MG 63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extract of the prepared specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 h. The cell viability, cell morphology, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per ISO 10993:12 and ISO 10993:5 test standards. It was found that the natural fiber filled composite showed none to slight cytotoxic reactivity to MG-63 cells after 24 h contact. The cytotoxicity level of fish scale particulate filled HDPE composite material was compared with standard reactivity level and it was confirmed to have low toxic level (none to slight).

Characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of fish scale and seashell derived nano-hydroxyapatite high-density polyethylene composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112098155
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu ◽  
B Gayathri ◽  
Sankarrajan
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mg63 Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the major inorganic component of natural bone which exhibits better biocompatibility with various kinds of cells and tissues, making it an ideal candidate for dental and orthopedic applications. The naturally extracted HAp (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) from fish scale and seashell is exactly matched with the chemical composition of bone minerals. Nowadays, soft chemistry is used for the synthesis of bioceramics such as HAp. This is a chemical route that yields more homogeneous solid-state materials. In this study, the extracted powder from fish scale and seashell was heated in the furnace and maintained at 700°C for 3 hours and the powder was naturally cooled. The derived CaO was used for preparing HAp by the microwave irradiation techniques. The HAp was filled with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in the ratio of 10:3 (Matrix 100 g: Filler 30 g) and composite was fabricated by the injection molding. The functional groups present in the HAp-HDPE specimen was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The thermal stability of 30 wt. % HAp-HDPE composite was analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MG63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extracts of the prepared HAp-HDPE specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 hours. The cell morphology, cell viability, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per 10993:12, and ISO 10993:5 test standards.

scholarly journals Durability of Basalt/Hemp Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Sergi ◽  
Jacopo Tirillò ◽  
Maria Carolina Seghini ◽  
Fabrizio Sarasini ◽  
Vincenzo Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites

The Achilles heel of thermoplastic natural fibre composites is their limited durability. The environmental degradation of the mechanical properties of hemp and hemp/basalt hybrid-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites has been investigated with a special focus on the effects of water ageing and accelerated ageing, including hygrothermal and UV radiation. Modification of the matrix was carried out using a maleic anhydride high-density polyethylene copolymer (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Hybridization of hemp fibres with basalt fibres and the incorporation of MAPE were found to significantly decrease the water uptake (up to 75%) and increase the retention of mechanical properties after accelerated ageing. Secondary crystallization phenomena occurring in the composites, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, were able to counteract the severe combined effects of hygrothermal stress and UV radiation, with the exception of hemp-fibre composites where permanent damage to the fibres occurred, with 2% and 20% reduction in tensile strength and modulus, respectively, for a 30 wt % hemp fibre-reinforced HDPE.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend for Bioscaffolding Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Ali Alghamdi ◽  
Hussain Alattas ◽  
Waseem Sharaf Saeed ◽  
Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni ◽  
Ali Alrahlah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Poly Ethylene

In order to improve the cell adhesion on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (E-VAL) which has hydroxyl groups capable of developing hydrogen bonds with celling was blended with this polymer. To reach this goal, a series of E-VAL/PCL blends with different compositions were prepared by the solvent casting method. The miscibility of the polymer blend was proved by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometry. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the polymer blends were assessed in their wet state by dynamic mechanical analysis. The surfaces wettability of blends and their components were examined through static contact angle measurements. The pore interconnections in the resulted scaffolds were achieved by the incorporation of naphthalene microparticles which were used as porogen and then removed in its gas state by sublimation under reduced pressure. The presence of pores interconnected inside the polymeric materials and their surface morphologies was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The in-vitro cytotoxicity and cell adhesion on the prepared materials were examined by an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay.

scholarly journals in vitro Cytotoxicity examination of the seashell and fish scale substances embedded with high degree of compactness in polyethylene composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Anandha Moorthy ◽  
◽  
Natarajan Nanjappan ◽  
C. Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
Dinesh D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
High Degree

The organic response of polymer composites is facilitated by adding natural filler materials. Several new composite formulations claim to reduce the environmental impact. The present study assessed the cytotoxic responses of seashell and fish scale filled composite materials. The Polyethylene high-density (PEHD), 30 wt. % of the seashell and 30 wt. % of a seashell and fish scale combinations blended with the polymer matrix composites with 10:3 proportion (PEHD 100 g:Reinforcements 30 g), and are then fabricated by the plastic injection molding machine. To better imitator the microstructure and the mineral component of natural bone, novel hydroxyapatite / polymer composite scaffolds are allowed to interact 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μl of standard fresh cell culture medium for 24 hours. Morphology of cell, cell viability, and the effect of Cytotoxicity on polyethylene based composite samples were examined through ISO 10993:5, and 10993:12 test standards. The percentage of cell viability and the level of toxicity were compared.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tilapia Scale Hydroxyapatite-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
C. N. Aiza Jaafar ◽  
I. Zainol ◽  
M. I. Izyan Khairani ◽  
T. T. Dele-Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density

The effects of filler loading and silane coupling agent on the properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have been studied. The (HAp) powder was successfully produced from tilapia scales using the spray drying process utilized to prepare the HDPE/HAp composites. The FTIR peaks for the untreated HDPE/30HAp composite corresponded to the functional groups of HDPE (C-CH3) and –CH2 and HAp (PO4−3 and O-H). The FTIR spectrum for the silane-treated composite showed that the C=O and silanol groups were eliminated, which strongly confirms the chemical interaction between the HAp fillers and the HDPE matrix. The developed composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical performance, and in particular the treated HDPE/30HAp-S composite exhibited superior tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural modulus of 28.26 MPa, 1272 MPa and 796 MPa, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the developed composites were non-toxic and have great potential to be used for biomedical application.

Mannose Conjugated Starch Nanoparticles for Preferential Targeting of Liver Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Hitesh Sahu ◽  
Keerti Mishra ◽  
Suresh Thareja
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles

Aim: To design D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for site specific delivery. Background: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of death in world and fifth most often diagnosed cancer is the major global threat to public health. Treatment of liver cancer with conventional method bears several side effects, thus to undertake these side effects as a formulation challenge, it is necessary to develop novel target specific drug delivery system for the effective and better localization of drug into the proximity of target with restricting the movement of drug in normal tissues. Objective: To optimize and characterize the developed D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for effective treatment of liver cancer. Materials and methods: 5-FU loaded JFSSNPs were prepared and optimized formulation had higher encapsulation efficiency were conjugated with D-Mannose. These formulations were characterized for size, morphology, zeta potential, X-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Potential of NPs were studied using in vitro cytotoxicity assay, in vivo kinetic studies and bio-distribution studies. Result and discussion: 5-Fluorouracil loaded NPs had particle size between 336 to 802nm with drug entrapment efficiency was between 64.2 to 82.3%. In XRD analysis, 5-FU peak was diminished in the diffractogram, which could be attributed to the successful incorporation of drug in amorphous form. DSC study suggests there was no physical interaction between 5- FU and Polymer. NPs showed sustained in vitro 5-FU release up to 2 hours. In vivo, mannose conjugated NPs prolonged the plasma level of 5-FU and assist selective accumulation of 5-FU in the liver (vs other organs spleen, kidney, lungs and heart) compared to unconjugated one and plain drug. Conclusion: In vivo, bio-distribution and plasma profile studies resulted in significantly higher concentration of 5- Fluorouracil liver suggesting that these carriers are efficient, viable, and targeted carrier of 5-FU treatment of liver cancer.

Chitosan nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery and cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and Vero cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neralakere Ramanna Ravikumara ◽  
Basavaraj Madhusudhan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Tamoxifen Citrate

In this study, tamoxifen citrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcL-ChtNPs) and tamoxifen citrate-free chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcF-ChtNPs) were prepared by an ionic gelation (IG) method. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed for particle size, zeta (ζ) potential, and other characteristics using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta phase analysis light scattering (PALS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The variation in particle size was assessed by changing the concentration of chitosan, pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and the pH of the solution. The optimized tamoxcL-ChtNPs showed mean diameter of 187 nm, polydispersity of 0.125, and ζ-potential of +19.1 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of tamoxifen citrate (tamoxc) increased at higher concentrations, and release of tamoxc from the chitosan matrix displayed controlled biphasic behavior. Those tamoxcL-ChtNPs tested for chemosensitivity showed dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity of tamoxc. Further, tamoxcL-ChtNPs were found to be hemocompatible with human red blood cells (RBCs) and safe by in vitro cytotoxicity tests, suggesting that they offer promise as drug delivery systems in therapy.

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