scholarly journals in vitro Cytotoxicity examination of the seashell and fish scale substances embedded with high degree of compactness in polyethylene composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Anandha Moorthy ◽  
◽  
Natarajan Nanjappan ◽  
C. Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
Dinesh D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
High Degree

The organic response of polymer composites is facilitated by adding natural filler materials. Several new composite formulations claim to reduce the environmental impact. The present study assessed the cytotoxic responses of seashell and fish scale filled composite materials. The Polyethylene high-density (PEHD), 30 wt. % of the seashell and 30 wt. % of a seashell and fish scale combinations blended with the polymer matrix composites with 10:3 proportion (PEHD 100 g:Reinforcements 30 g), and are then fabricated by the plastic injection molding machine. To better imitator the microstructure and the mineral component of natural bone, novel hydroxyapatite / polymer composite scaffolds are allowed to interact 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μl of standard fresh cell culture medium for 24 hours. Morphology of cell, cell viability, and the effect of Cytotoxicity on polyethylene based composite samples were examined through ISO 10993:5, and 10993:12 test standards. The percentage of cell viability and the level of toxicity were compared.

Investigation on the morphology, thermal properties, and in vitro cytotoxicity of the fish scale particulates filled high-density polyethylene composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Composite

The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and fish scale particulates are in the ratio of 10:3 (matrix 100 g:filler 30 g) which is filled and blended with thermoplastic composites and are then fabricated by the injection molding machine. In this work, the thermal energy absorption is obtained as 103.9 J g−1 that melts onset temperature at 121.75°C and melts peak temperature at 129.98°C of the specimen using differential scanning calorimetry instrument. A gradual mass degradation and decomposition of the prepared samples were analyzed from the thermogravimetric analysis. Evaluation of microstructure, surface morphology, and elemental analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope. The presence of functional groups in the polymeric materials was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity testing of composites has been carried out using MG 63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extract of the prepared specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 h. The cell viability, cell morphology, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per ISO 10993:12 and ISO 10993:5 test standards. It was found that the natural fiber filled composite showed none to slight cytotoxic reactivity to MG-63 cells after 24 h contact. The cytotoxicity level of fish scale particulate filled HDPE composite material was compared with standard reactivity level and it was confirmed to have low toxic level (none to slight).

Characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of fish scale and seashell derived nano-hydroxyapatite high-density polyethylene composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112098155
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu ◽  
B Gayathri ◽  
Sankarrajan
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mg63 Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the major inorganic component of natural bone which exhibits better biocompatibility with various kinds of cells and tissues, making it an ideal candidate for dental and orthopedic applications. The naturally extracted HAp (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) from fish scale and seashell is exactly matched with the chemical composition of bone minerals. Nowadays, soft chemistry is used for the synthesis of bioceramics such as HAp. This is a chemical route that yields more homogeneous solid-state materials. In this study, the extracted powder from fish scale and seashell was heated in the furnace and maintained at 700°C for 3 hours and the powder was naturally cooled. The derived CaO was used for preparing HAp by the microwave irradiation techniques. The HAp was filled with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in the ratio of 10:3 (Matrix 100 g: Filler 30 g) and composite was fabricated by the injection molding. The functional groups present in the HAp-HDPE specimen was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The thermal stability of 30 wt. % HAp-HDPE composite was analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MG63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extracts of the prepared HAp-HDPE specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 hours. The cell morphology, cell viability, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per 10993:12, and ISO 10993:5 test standards.

Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Bindu K.N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fractional Factorial

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

Influence of filler on erosion behavior of polymer composites: A comprehensive review

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (15) ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vigneshwaran ◽  
M Uthayakumar ◽  
V Arumugaprabu ◽  
R Deepak Joel Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Filled Composite

In recent decade, polymer matrix composites were extensively used in various engineering applications owing to their advanced properties over conventional materials and enhanced performance. This motivated the researchers to generate an extensive study and research work on polymer composites. In recent studies, the erosion properties of the polymer composite attract increasing attention among researchers. The potential enhancement in the erosion resistance property of filled composites tempted the researchers to find the feasibility of using various filler materials in polymer matrix for specific erosion resistance applications. However, only limited numbers of literature are available concerning the tribological performance of the filled composite. Hence in this study, an objective was set to review the various literature that explain the erosion characteristics of filled composites.

scholarly journals Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Vlasov ◽  
Pavel S. Postnikov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belousov ◽  
Sergei V. Krivoshchekov ◽  
Mekhman S. Yusubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ultrasonic Fields ◽  
Burst Intensity ◽  
Free Doxorubicin

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and an amphiphilic polymeric shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to magnetic and ultrasonic fields and variation in the surrounding pH to trigger and modulate the delivery of doxorubicin. The microparticles have been developed in four steps: (i) synthesis of the iron core; (ii) surface modification of the core; (iii) conjugation with the amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted chitosan; and (iv) doxorubicin loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape, a size in the range of 1–3 µm and surface charge that is tuneable by changing the pH of the environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and are able to hold up to 400 µg of doxorubicin per mg of dried particles. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure during exposure to different pH levels allows the control of the burst intensity and release rate of the payload. Additionally, the magnetic response of the iron core is preserved despite the polymer coat. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability after administration of doxorubicin-loaded microparticles compared to the administration of free doxorubicin. The application of ultrasound causes a burst in the release of the doxorubicin from the carrier, causing a decrease in cell viability. The microparticles demonstrate in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility at concentrations of up to 50 and 60 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Composites for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuhe Zhu ◽  
Susan Liao ◽  
Jiajia Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

This review paper reported carbon nanotubes reinforced composites for biomedical applications. Several studies have found enhancement in the mechanical properties of CNTs-based reinforced composites by the addition of CNTs. CNTs reinforced composites have been intensively investigated for many aspects of life, especially being made for biomedical applications. The review introduced fabrication of CNTs reinforced composites (CNTs reinforced metal matrix composites, CNTs reinforced polymer matrix composites, and CNTs reinforced ceramic matrix composites), their mechanical properties, cell experimentsin vitro, and biocompatibility testsin vivo.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Study: Cell Viability and Cell Morphology of Carbon Nanofibrous Scaffold/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Azza El-Maghraby ◽  
Andrea Ewald ◽  
Sherif H. Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Hydrothermal Modification ◽  
Bone Cell Proliferation ◽  
L929 Mouse

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which were modified with hydroxyapatite, were fabricated to be used as a substrate for bone cell proliferation. The CNFs were derived from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers after two steps of heat treatment: stabilization and carbonization. Carbon nanofibrous (CNF)/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods; one of them being modification during electrospinning (CNF-8HA) and the second method being hydrothermal modification after carbonization (CNF-8HA; hydrothermally) to be used as a platform for bone tissue engineering. The biological investigations were performed using in-vitro cell counting, WST cell viability and cell morphology after three and seven days. L929 mouse fibroblasts were found to be more viable on the hydrothermally-modified CNF scaffolds than on the unmodified CNF scaffolds. The biological characterizations of the synthesized CNF/HA nanofibrous composites indicated higher capability of bone regeneration.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Oxytetracycline Loaded Cockle Shell Derived Calcium Carbonate Aragonite Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherifat Banke Idris ◽  
Abdul Kadir Arifah ◽  
Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Mouse Fibroblast ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Culture Models

Background: Evaluation of the toxic effects of nanoparticle-drug in vitro is an important step in the design of new pharmaceutical formulations. Rapid results, reduced cost and easy handling makes cell culture models first line in initial toxicological assessment of nanodrug preparations. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of oxytetracycline loaded calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle in normal mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell line. Method: NIH3T3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations (6.25 - 100µg/mL) of calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle (CS-CaCO3NP), oxytetracycline loaded calcium carbonate aragonite nanoparticle (OTC-CS-CaCO3NP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in 96 well plates for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT and trypan blue assays. Result: Both assays show that CS-CaCO3NP and OTC-CS-CaCO3NP had higher cell viability values compared to OTC. Conclusion: Encapsulating OTC into CS-CaCO3NP reduced its cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 cells using both MTT and trypan blue assay.

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