Dealing with Dilemmas: Understanding the Process and Challenges of Disclosing the HIV Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS Through Gender Lens

2021 ◽  
pp. 097206342110352
Author(s):  
Shri Kant Singh ◽  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Qualitative Information ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
Method Approach

Disclosure is governed by a host of individual, health and psychological factors that operate in and shape the decisions related to disclosure in a patient among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV).This article studies process of disclosure, how gender affects disclosure and how it differs among PLHIV by studying their life events integrating quantitative and qualitative information from 204 respondents. Mix method approach was used to collect the data from selected male and female respondents. A total of 204 completed interviews were carried out. Bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques have been used in the study. One-third respondents reported to not have disclosed status to their partner. Female PLHIV were significantly more likely (AOR: 2.8, p < .05) to disclose their HIV status to their spouse/regular partner. Three-fifths of women were tested after they lost their husbands to AIDS or living with HIV. Around 94% women reported self-perceived stigma and 83% feared of being discriminated. Female PLHIV are approximately 3 times (p < .05) more likely to have the fear of discrimination. Findings of the study reinforce the necessity of integrating gender in every HIV prevention efforts as disclosure of HIV status may provide opportunity for early initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which may ensure adherence to ART services and suppressing the viral load.

scholarly journals Mapping the Current and Future Noncommunicable Disease Burden in Kenya by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Modeling Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1864-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Smit ◽  
Pablo N Perez-Guzman ◽  
Kennedy K Mutai ◽  
Rachel Cassidy ◽  
Joseph Kibachio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
High Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden in Kenya is not well characterized, despite estimates needed to identify future health priorities. We aimed to quantify current and future NCD burden in Kenya by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Methods Original systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prevalence/incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease, depression, diabetes, high total cholesterol, hypertension, human papillomavirus infection, and related precancerous stages in Kenya were carried out. An individual-based model was developed, simulating births, deaths, HIV disease and treatment, aforementioned NCDs, and cancers. The model was parameterized using systematic reviews and epidemiological national and regional surveillance data. NCD burden was quantified for 2018–2035 by HIV status among adults. Results Systematic reviews identified prevalence/incidence data for each NCD except ischemic heart disease. The model estimates that 51% of Kenyan adults currently suffer from ≥1 NCD, with a higher burden in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to persons not living with HIV (62% vs 51%), driven by their higher age profile and partly by HIV-related risk for NCDs. Hypertension and high total cholesterol are the main NCD drivers (adult prevalence of 20.5% [5.3 million] and 9.0% [2.3 million]), with CVD and cancers the main causes of death. The burden is projected to increase by 2035 (56% in persons not living with HIV; 71% in PLWH), with population growth doubling the number of people needing services (15.4 million to 28.1 million) by 2035. Conclusions NCD services will need to be expanded in Kenya. Guidelines in Kenya already support provision of these among both the general and populations living with HIV; however, coverage remains low.

scholarly journals The Lived Experiences of Stigmatization in the Process of HIV Status Disclosure among People Living with HIV in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5089
Author(s):  
Chia-Hui Yu ◽  
Chu-Yu Huang ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
Heng-Hsin Tung ◽  
Hui-Man Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Hiv Status Disclosure ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure

People living with HIV (PLWH) face social stigma which makes disclosure of HIV status difficult. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of stigmatization in the process of disease disclosure among PLWH in Taiwan. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews from 19 PLWH in Taiwan revealed two phases and six themes. Phase one “experiences before disclosure” involved three themes: “Struggles under the pressure of concealing the HIV Status,” “Torn between fear of unemployment/isolation and desire to protect closed ones,” and “Being forced to disclose the HIV status.” Phase two “experiences after disclosure” included three themes: “Receiving special considerations and requirements from school or work,” “Receiving differential treatments in life and when seeking medical care,” and “Stress relief and restart.” Healthcare professionals need to assess stigmatization in PLWH and develop individualized approaches to assist with the disease disclosure process.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Hyperammonemia by Sodium Valproate and Carbamazepine in People Living with HIV

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mazzoglio y Nabar ◽  
Santiago Muñoz ◽  
Milagros Muñiz ◽  
Alexis Mejías ◽  
Christian Montivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Decompensated Liver Disease ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractIntroductionHyperammonaemia (HA) is observed in decompensated liver disease. The picture of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in non-cirrhotic patients was reported mostly associated with valproic acid. There are few reports of hyperammonemia in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and they are associated with other comorbidities and few with antiretrovirals (HAART), but not as adverse drug reactions associated with psychotropic drugs associated with the virus.ObjectiveReport of cases of PLHIV in HARRT with hyperammonemia, its clinical impact and ammonium levels.Materials and MethodsWe report 67 PLHIV in treatment with HAART, negative viral loads, psychopharmacological treatment with valproic acid (n=45) or carbamazepine (n=22). Exclusion criteria were = HCV, HBV and alcohol consumption disorder (current or recent history) and decompensated liver pathology. We apply scales to evaluate side effects (UKU), subjective adherence (DAI), daily life activities (Barthel Index), liver severity (Child-Pugh Classification) and degrees of hepatic encephalopathy (West Haven Scale). The ethical-legal requirements were met. Results: 26.86% presented hyperammonemia, among which 38.88% was symptomatic. The clinical presentation was heterogeneous with a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal and cognitive alterations; the most severe cases presented alterations of the sensorium and 1 case of convulsions. We recorded a greater symptomatic severity with carbamazepine (average ammonia =104.4 pmol/L), but a higher prevalence of non-symptomatic hyperammonemia with valproic acid (62.3 pmol/L). The time of onset of symptoms was lower with carbamazepine, but the time until its decrease was higher with valproic acid.ConclusionsWe observed a higher prevalence of hyperammonemia and associated symptomatology in PLHIV with HAART medicated with carbamazepine. The significant percentage of this adverse drug reaction suggests a biochemical, perhaps preventive, control.

scholarly journals Exploring the Factors Considered by People Living with HIV and Their Partners during Preconception

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Logan Kennedy ◽  
Micaela Collins ◽  
Mark H. Yudin ◽  
Lena Serghides ◽  
Sharon Walmsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Ordered Logit Model ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Hiv Negative

Data are lacking on factors that may impact conception-related decision-making among individuals living with HIV. This study’s aim was to shed light on these considerations. Participants were invited to complete a survey on preconception considerations. A rank-ordered logit model was fit to estimate the relative importance of listed consideration factors; the interaction of HIV status and the factors was assessed. Fifty-nine participants living with HIV and 18 partners (11 HIV-negative participants and 7 living with HIV) were included. Risk of vertical and horizontal HIV transmission and the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the fetus were the top considerations. However, individuals living with HIV prioritized vertical transmission, whereas HIV-negative participants prioritized horizontal transmission. Other factors of importance were probability of conception, stress of trying to conceive, cost associated with fertility clinics, and stigma associated with certain conception methods. This study builds our understanding of the preconception considerations for people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a study in a teaching hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
S. Bhagyabati Devi ◽  
T. Jeetenkumar Singh ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
N. Biplab Singh ◽  
Robinson Ningshen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Good Adherence ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) have changed the outlook of people living with HIV (PLHIV) by transforming the dreaded infection to a chronically manageable disease. However, there is scant of reports which analyses quantitatively the survival benefit of PLHIV under ART. Objectives of this study were to determine the survival time of adult PLHIV who are on ARV. To analyse the factors determining survival outcome of PLHIV on ARV.Methods: This was an observational study in centre of excellence (COE) ART Centre, RIMS, Imphal from April 2004 to December 2009. Details from the data entered in documents of the ART programme were followed up every 3 months for 60 months from the date of initiation of ARV. All PLHIV above 18 years of age and undergoing antiretroviral therapy were included.Results: Survival rate following initiation of ARV was found to be significantly high among PLHIV. Higher CD4 count at the time of ARV initiation had better prognosis. Mortality was high among IDUs and they had high incidence of co-infections with HCV and HBV. The currently available ARV drugs under NACO programme have better suppression of HIV, are less toxic, low pill burden. The combined regimen used in the earlier days were not much inferior to the current ARV drugs if initiated timely with proper prophylaxis of OIs, good adherence, good nutrition and timely management of toxicities and IRIS.Conclusions: Timely treatment with ARV drugs provided under the national programme with good adherence and regular follow-up improves the survival of PLHIV.  

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS in childhood – a special case

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Mioriţa Toader ◽  
◽  
Daniela Neacşu ◽  
Alina Oprea ◽  
Andreea Şerbănică ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
The Us ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV pediatric pathology is currently facing a large number of specialists such as neonatologists, pediatricians, family physicians, oncologists, otorhinolaryngologists, pharmacists, pediatric infectious disease, etc. The involvement of epidemiologists, nurses, social workers, sociologists, support groups together not by politicians is imperative, essential for the diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV infection require focusing on mothers of children and families within dysfunctions social and poverty. Social problems that a child infected with HIV face are almost always overwhelming: drug abuse, discrimination against minority people living with HIV, poverty, poor access to adequate medical services, family breaking when the HIV status of a family member is learned by and other domestic violence, are important to consider. Countries like Romania must learn what is good and what is bad about the AIDS epidemic in the US and Western Europe not to repeat their mistakes and at the same time to rediscover principles generally available today.

scholarly journals Call For Life, Uganda: Acceptability Of A Mobile Phone Support To Promote Adherence To Anti-Retroviral Therapy For Young Adults In A Randomised Control Trial: A Qualitative Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Bwanika Naggirinya
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND : Adherence to treatment is critical to obtain successful treatment outcomes. While factors influencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence vary, young adults are less likely to adhere because of psychosocial issues such as stigma, ART-related side effects as well as lack of access to treatment. Call for Life mHealth tool (C4LU), is a mobile phone- based technology that provides text messages or Interactive Voice Response (IVR) functionalities, through a web-interface and offers four modules including pill reminders, clinic visit reminders, health tips and symptom self-reporting support. Within a randomised control trial, we assessed perspectives and experiences of young adults living with human immunodeficiency virus towards the C4LU- system, with the objective to improve ART adherence among young people living with HIV with help of mHealth tool. OBJECTIVE To improve ART adherence among young people living with HIV through use of mHealth tool. METHODS This was an exploratory qualitative design at two study sites nested within an open label randomized controlled trial (RCT) entitled: “Improving outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients using mobile phone based interactive software support “Call for Life study A total of 600 participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either Standard of Care (SoC)- face-to-face counsellor adherence support or SoC plus mHealth call for life system (C4LU). C4LU uses Interactive voice response or text messages delivered via mobile phone. The qualitative study explored perspectives and experiences of young adults (18-24 years) towards the mHealth tool “C4LU”. A purposive sample of twenty-one vulnerable youth, seventeen from the intervention and four from the SoC arm were selected. We used semi-structured interviews to facilitate an in-depth exploration of experiences of young adults regarding C4LU-System. Thirteen in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted. The young adults were from four categories of population of interest that were targeted to be offered specialised care: young adults on PMTCT, switching to / or on second line ART, positive partners in a discordant relationship and initiating 1st line ART. Data was managed using Nvivo version 11 and analysed thematically. RESULTS C4LU-mHealth tool was perceived as an acceptable intervention for young adults. While on the system, participants reported: improvement in medication adherence, strengthened doctor /clinician -patient relationships, increased health knowledge through educative health tips. Appointment reminders and symptom reporting were singled out as beneficial because the system would address and manage the problems of forgetfulness, and stigma related issues. CONCLUSIONS The system was described as an acceptable and feasible strategy to improve ART adherence and retention among young adults in resource limited settings CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02953080

scholarly journals Status Karies Gigi pada Pengidap HIV/AIDS

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sundah ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system, especially white blood cells called CD4 cells. Meanwhile, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome that arises due to the decline in the human immune system caused by HIV infection. Several studies showed that people living with HIV/AIDS had a higher risk of developing dental caries compared to those without HIV/AIDS. Maintenance of oral hygiene, consumption of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and low salivary flow play a role in increasing the risk of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to determine the status of dental caries in people living with HIV/AIDS. This was a literature review using the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Clinical Key. The results obtained five journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. There was a high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS (56.78%-78.7%) and a higher average caries status (12.83±9.6, 15.14±6.09, and 11.87±8.08) compared to those without HIV/AIDS. The high prevalence of caries in people with HIV/AIDS was influenced by decreased salivary flow, use of ARVs, consumption of sweet foods, and lack of oral hygiene. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries in people living with HIV/AIDS was high.Keywords: dental caries, HIV/AIDS  Abstrak: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia kususnya sel darah putih yang disebut sel CD4 sedangkan acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sindrom yang muncul akibat menurunnya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang diakibatkan infeksi HIV. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengidap HIV/AIDS berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami karies gigi dibandingkan dengan orang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut, konsumsi obat antiretroviral (ARV), dan aliran saliva yang rendah berperan dalam peningkatan risiko karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status karies gigi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Database yang digunakan untuk pencarian literatur ialah Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Clinical Key. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies yang tinggi pada pengidap HIV/AIDS (56,78%-78,7%) dan rerata status karies lebih tinggi (12,83±9,6, 15,14±6,09, dan 11,87±8,08) dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa HIV/AIDS. Tingginya prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS dipengaruhi oleh penurunan laju aliran saliva, penggunaan ARV, konsumsi makanan manis, dan kurangnya menjaga kebersihan gigi mulut. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies pada pengidap HIV/AIDS tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: karies gigi, HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals A Four-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study of the Predictors of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV and Receiving Care at Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Cho Sabastine Anye ◽  
Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai ◽  
Brenda Mbouamba Yankam ◽  
Frankline Sevidzem Wirsiy ◽  
Joyce Mahlako Tsoka-Gwegweni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infections place immense burdens on healthcare systems with particularly diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. TB is high among opportunistic diseases and the most leading cause of death among patients with HIV/AIDS. HIV infection is the most-known risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20-fold. We present a four-year descriptive analysis of TB in people living with HIV in the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2012-2016. Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive chart review. We conducted manual reviews of medical records of HIV/TB co-infected patients from June 2017-July 2017 at BRH

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to HIV Disclosure for HIV-Affected Families in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821983102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jureeporn Jantarapakde ◽  
Chitsanu Pancharoen ◽  
Somsong Teeratakulpisarn ◽  
Pornpen Mathajittiphan ◽  
Rosalin Kriengsinyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Group Education ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Programs ◽  
The Impact

Disclosure of HIV status to family members could improve communication, relationship, and cohesion. We evaluated the impact of a family-centered program designed to increase the readiness/willingness of parents to disclose HIV status to their children. People living with HIV (PLWH) with children ≥8 years were surveyed regarding HIV knowledge, family relationship, attitudes, willingness/readiness to disclose, and they were then invited to participate in group education and family camps. Of 367 PLWH surveyed, 0.8% had disclosed, 14.7% had not yet disclosed but were willing/ready to disclose, 50.4% were willing but not ready, and 33.2% did not wish to disclose. The educational sessions and camps led to significant improvements of HIV knowledge and disclosure techniques, and readiness/willingness to disclose. Given the benefits of group education and family camps in supporting PLWH to improve their communication with their families and disclose their HIV status, these supporting activities should be included in HIV programs.

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