Brain Awareness Week 2021 at Ibn Sina Academy (India): A Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110631
Author(s):  
Syed Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Shujauddin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Number Of Publications

Brain- and neuroscience-related diseases and research are an important aspect to be discussed and explored at public interest. International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) is an international organization that is involved in spearheading both these activities. Brain Awareness Week (BAW) was never organized in a city which gave rise to the foundation of “Indian Academy of Neurosciences (IAN).” Stalwarts like Professor P. N. Saxena, Professor Om Chandra, Professor Mahdi Hasan, Professor K. C. Singhal, etc. did some significant efforts to promote neuroscience and brain research in Aligarh. They also established “Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre” at Aligarh Muslim University and organized many scientific events including the Fifth Annual Conference of the IAN from December 7 to December 9, 1986. They also established “Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre” at Aligarh Muslim University. Likewise, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences is another institution where a large number of publications on neuroscience exist. With this background, BAW with a theme, “Neuroscience through the ages to modern times” was organized by the courtesy of IBRO-APRC Brain Awareness Week Grant. The exhibition of publications extant at Ibn Sina Academy (depicting history of neuroscience since medieval era specially the works of medieval Arabs who played a significant role in the growth of neurosurgery) and public awareness lectures on importance of neuroscience research helped in some extent to increase public awareness, foster public enthusiasm and interest in the younger generation. Students of all science disciplines including Unani medicine were invited to participate at various events such as presentation of postal stamps on neuroscience, paintings, essay writing competition, and poetry on brain and neuroscience.

Understanding Humma-e-Wabai (epidemic fever) and Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic disease) in the light of Unani medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri ◽  
Umme Ayman ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Bangalore Nagaraj Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Celestial Bodies

Abstract The pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Humma-e-Wabai were described several years ago in the Unani System of Medicine close to the clinical manifestation associated with epidemic or pandemic situations. In the Unani System of Medicine, Humma-e-Wabai described under the legend of epidemic disease (Amraz-e-Wabai). Amraz-e-Wabai is an umbrella term which is applied for all types of epidemic or pandemic situation. Renowned Unani Scientists like; Zakariya Rhazi (865–925 AD), Ali Ibn Abbas Majusi (930–994 AD), Ibn Sina (980–1037 AD), Ismail Jorjani (1,042–1,137 AD), Ibn Rushd etc., explained that Humma-e-Waba is an extremely rigorous, lethal fever, that is caused due to morbid air (fasid hawa) and it frequently spreads among the larger population in the society. There are four etiological factors responsible for Amraz-e-Wabai viz; change in the quality of air, water, earth, and celestial bodies, which was described by Ibn Sina in Canon of Medicine. He also advised that movements should be limited during epidemic situations. Shelters should be fumigated with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Oodkham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Hing (Ferula foetida L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and sandalwood (Santalum album L.), etc. The use of vinegar (sirka) and rose water (arque gulab) has been advocated to prevent the infection by spray. Avoid consumption of flesh, oil, milk, sweets, alcohol. Food prepared with vinegar. Specific antidotes (e.g. Tiryaq-e-Wabai, Tiryaq-e-Farooque), should be used as prophylaxis. This review attempts to explain the concept, prevention, and management of epidemic or pandemic situations.

scholarly journals Medical Terms in the Arabic Manuscript Kitāb al-mi’a fi al-ṭibb (“Hundred Books on the Skills of Medicine”) by Abu Sahl Isa b. Yahya al-Masihi (the 11th Century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Igor V. Gerasimov ◽  
◽  
Yaser H. Akel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
State University ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Modern Arabic

The article is based on the manuscript “Hundred books on skills of Medicine” by Abu Sahl al-Masihi from the collection of the Oriental Department of the Gorky Library of St. Petersburg State University (Ms. O 667). The author of this written monument was regarded as the teacher of Ibn Sina (Avicenna). The text of Abu Sahl al-Masihi is an encyclopedic medical treatise of the XI century. It consists of one hundred “books”, each of which is a separate and independent chapter dedicated to a specific problem of theoretical or practical medicine. The article presents an analysis of Arabic medical terms found in the table of contents to the first book. They can be divided into four categories: borrowings from other languages, obsolete terms, terms found in the Qur’an, and terms with Arabic roots. The authors of the article cited fragments of Quranic texts as an illustration of the early origin of some terms for physiological states. The medical knowledge and traditions of the Arabs played a decisive role in the development of Arab-Muslim medieval medicine. Medical terms of the Arabs, introduced into scientific circulation in the early Middle Ages, are actively used in modern Arabic. The results of the lexical analysis of medical terminology from the first “book” of the treatise reflect the scale of the phenomenon called Arab-Muslim medieval medicine.

2017 Lush Science Prize

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Jenny McCann ◽  
Terry McCann
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Animal Replacement ◽  
Annual Fund

Now in its sixth year, the Lush Prize supports animal-free testing by awarding money prizes of up to £350,000 to the most effective projects and individuals who have been working towards the goal of replacing animals in product or ingredient safety testing. Prizes are awarded for developments in five strategic areas: Science; Lobbying; Training; Public Awareness; and Young Researchers. In the event of a major breakthrough leading to the replacement of animal tests in the area of 21st Century Toxicology, a Black Box Prize (equivalent to the entire annual fund) is awarded. The Science Prize is awarded to the researchers whose work the judging panel believe has made the most significant contribution to the replacement of animal testing in the preceding year. This Background Paper outlines the research projects that were shortlisted and presented to the judging panel as potential candidates for the 2017 Lush Science Prize. This process involved reviewing recent work of the relevant scientific institutions and projects in this area, such as the OECD, Human Toxome Project, UK NC3Rs, US Tox21 programme, ToxCast programme and the Human Toxicology Project Consortium. Recent developments in toxicity testing research were also identified by searching for relevant published papers in the literature, and analysing abstracts from conferences focusing on animal replacement in toxicity testing that had been held in the preceding 12 months — for example, the 2016 EUSAAT-Linz conference and the 2017 Society of Toxicology annual conference.

ROLE OF UNANI MEDICINE IN THE PREVENTION OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 (COVID-19): A REVIEW AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Shamsi ◽  
Rais Ur Rahman ◽  
Md. Wasi Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Nasal Irritation ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Valuable Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

In December 2019 some patients with symptoms very much similar to SARS and MERS emerged in Wuhan city of China. In January 2020 a new type of coronavirus was isolated and name as 2019-nCoV, which later termed 'SARSCoV-2'. WHO declared the Covid-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, and on March 11, the epidemic was upgraded to the pandemic. As on 02.04.2020, 827,419 confirmed cases are officially reported in more than 200 countries or territories with 40,777 deaths. The history of epidemiology typically starts with 'Hippocrates' in about 400 BC; he in his valuable book, Of the Epidemics introduced several concepts of epidemiology. In Unani Classical texts, both epidemics and pandemics have been described under a common term 'Waba'. Unani medicine have described Nazla Haar by the name of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (epidemic influenza) which is characterized by body ache, sore throat, nasal irritation, burning sensation in eyes sneezing & cough, and fever. Unexplained general weakness is an early feature of Nazla-e-Wabaiya and the disease is often complicated by pneumonia and pleurisy, therefore, Nazla-e-Wabaiya (Nazla Haar) is very much similar to that of Covid-19. In such conditions Ibn Sina advised that houses should be sanitized daily by spraying different arqiyat, he recommended the use of Bukhoor(incense) of some anti-infective drugs. Zakariya Razi has prescribed several aromatic Unani drugs for prevention of Waba. For prophylaxis of epidemic diseases, Unani scholars also prescribed several drugs to augment the immunity (Quwwat-e-Mudabbira Badan). There is a long list of drugs suggested by Unani scholars to be used in different ways to combat epidemic and pandemic situations that need to be validated on current scientific parameters.

scholarly journals Development-Led or 'Preventive' Archaeology in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Duong
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Local Decision Making ◽  
Grand Duchy

The preventive archaeology system in Luxembourg was developed during the 1990s. Archaeological heritage is now managed by the National Archaeological Research Centre/Centre national de recherche archéologique (CNRA), founded in 2011, although there is still no legal framework within which archaeology can be protected. A draft law implementing the principles of the Valletta Convention will provide the structure for the CNRA to assess construction projects and require archaeological investigations. This paper outlines the development of the system, notes the challenges and highlights opportunities to raise public awareness, which are keys to engage the public in local decision making, through the communes.

SCOPE OF UNANI MEDICINE IN THE PROPHYLAXIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Shamsi ◽  
Rais Ur Rahman ◽  
Md. Wasi Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Nasal Irritation ◽  
Nymphaea Alba ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Body Ache

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by infection with a novel coronavirus SARSCoV-2. The disease severity can range from mild to developing into critical with pneumonia and even life-threatening complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), shock, or multi-organ system dysfunction. The clinical picture of Nazla-e-Wabaiya is almost similar to that of Covid-19 like body ache, sore throat, nasal irritation, burning sensation in eyes sneezing, cough, and fever. As per the Unani scholars, the prophylaxis and management include various single and compound drugs to be used orally. They also prescribed various drugs as disinfectants to be used for fumigation, incense, and spray. Ibn Sina advised that houses should be sanitized daily by spraying Arq Gulab (Rosa damascene), Arq Bed Sada (Salix caprea), or Arq Nilofer (Nymphaea alba) and recommended Bukhoor (incense) of Sa'ad Kufi (Cyperusrotundus), Habb-ul-Aas (Myrtuscommunis), Kundur (Boswelliaserrata), and Sandalwood (Santalum spp.). For the treatment of Nazla-e-Wabaiya, the decoction (Joshanda) of Unnab, Sapistan, and Behidana along with Sharbat Banafsha have been recommended by many eminent Unani scholars. They have also recommended using various types of Khamiras like Khamira Gaozaban, Khamira Abresham SheeraUnnabWala, Khamira Marwareed to improve general health and immunity.

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