Pattern of Industrial Growth in West Bengal during 1980–1991

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Anirban Karak
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
The Impact

Three trends in industrial development contribute to the industrial history of West Bengal during the 1980–1991 period—the continuation of a secular decline in terms of employment and value added in manufacturing industries vis-à-vis other states, an ancillarization and flexibilization of production into small-scale factories with less than 20 workers, and a differential impact of this ancillarization on basic goods and consumer goods industries, with the former performing much better than the latter. Viewed through the theoretical lens of structural demand and agriculture–industry relations, the relatively slower growth of consumer goods industries poses a puzzle when the spectacular growth of agricultural output during the 1980s is considered. In this article, I suggest that tying together three factors—the impact of the ‘Green Revolution’ on West Bengal’s agriculture, the nature and effect of the Left Front’s land reforms, and the role of rural commercial capital—can in turn hold together three outcomes for the period 1980–1991 in a single explanation—high agricultural growth, mass poverty among the rural poor despite land reforms and agricultural growth, and the poor growth of consumer goods industries despite high agricultural growth.

Land and/or Labor? Predicament of Petty Commodity Producers among South Indian Villages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Ramana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Impact

This chapter revisits the experience of land reforms in Kerala and West Bengal to provide a comparative analysis of the impact of left reformism on the nature of capital accumulation in these two states. The chapter builds on a conceptual framework combining a contemporary Marxist reading of the agrarian question and the theoretical justification of land reforms from a developmentalist perspective. The analysis in the chapter shows that land reforms were not able to generate a process of inclusive industrial development in either state. In Kerala, land reforms did not revitalize agricultural production primarily because of a powerful trade union movement leading to overpricing of labor and resistance to technological upgrading while in West Bengal the sharp increase in agricultural productivity could not be transmitted to dynamic process of capital accumulation in the larger economy. This is interpreted as a disarticulation of the accumulation problematic of the agrarian question.

scholarly journals Management Practices, Farmers’ Knowledge of Diseased Fish, and Their Occurrence in Fish Farms in Nyeri County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Isaac R. Mulei ◽  
Paul G. Mbuthia ◽  
Robert M. Waruiru ◽  
Phillip N. Nyaga ◽  
Stephen Mutoloki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
The Impact

In this study, fish farmers’ management practices, occurrence, and knowledge of fish diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya, were evaluated. Fish farming management practices for small-scale farmers in Kenya have numerous challenges which have led to disease occurrence and reduced production. Moreover, the impact and association of these challenges to farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases and their burden has not been fully studied. A semistructured questionnaire was used to capture farmers’ biodata, fish species farmed, and farmers’ management practices such as handling of nets, pond fertilization, and disposal of fish waste. Farmers’ knowledge of fish diseases was based on their ability to identify independent and dependent variable indicators. Independent variables included clinical signs, decreased feeding, bulging eyes, floating on water, abdominal swelling, bulging eyes, abnormal skin color, reduced growth, and abnormal swimming with fish death as were the dependent variable. A total of 208 farmers were interviewed and included those of tilapia (134), mixed tilapia and catfish (40), catfish (22), rainbow trout, and five dams under cooperative management. Tilapia was the most kept fish species (66.8%) followed by polyculture of tilapia and catfish (20%) and rainbow trout (2%). Most respondents were male (78.5%) over 51 years of age (50%). Fifty percent of the respondents had secondary school education. There was a significant association between deaths and sharing of nets in Kieni East subcounty ( p = 0.0049 , chi-square), while on-farm fish waste disposing appeared to cause higher deaths compared to burning of the waste although not statistically significant ( p = 0.13 ). Few respondents observed decreased feed uptake (<20%) and poor growth. Fifty-seven percent of farmers reported mortalities. Fish poor growth, floating in water, and management practices in subcounties had significant effect on fish deaths. The farmers had knowledge of signs of diseased fish, but there was paucity of knowing the specific causes of disease. Farmers need to be empowered on best aquaculture husbandry to avoid disease transmission and specific fish disease signs to enhance proper reporting of disease for subsequent mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Some Comments on the Cotton Cloth Consumption in Pakistan

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Munawar Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Textiles

From the beginning, the cotton textile industry has been the keystone of Pakis¬tan's industrial development. In both the large scale (more than 1U employees) and the small scale sectors, cotton textiles is the single most important industry in terms of both the value of output and employment. Cotton textiles account for more than 15 percent of all exports and a much higher share of manufactured exports. While the importance of textiles has diminished with the spread of in¬dustrialization to other sectors, the predominance of textiles in manufacturing employment, value added and exports is likely to continue for some time. As Pakistan prepares to launch its Fifth Five-Year plan, it is useful to examine the growth prospects for the cotton textile industry. Having long ago replaced imports of cotton textiles by domestic production, Pakistan must now look to the expansion of foreign market for textiles or at least Pakistan's share in the market-and to the growth of the home market to absorb any planned growth in productive capacity. With the uncertainties in the world market, and especially the current recessionary slump in the developed economies the aftermath of which is likely to be felt for some time, especially in the form of new quantitative restrictions against textile and other manufactured imports coming from developing countries -the future growth in demand for Pakistan's exports is very problematic. Over the decade of the 1960's, textile exports grew in real terms by more than 20 percent per annum. From 1970 to 1974 the trend rate fell to less than 5 percent per annum with considerable fluctuations in the rate of increase from year to year. Of course, there always remains the possibility that Pakistan can expand her share of the foreign market sufficiently to offset any decline in world demand, but the existence of the country-specific quotas on textile products in many of the importing coun¬tries may prove a serious constraint in this regard.

The Impact of the Industrial Policies Adopted in the Seventeenth Italian Legislature (2013-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-810
Author(s):  
Riccardo Gallo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
The Impact

This paper offers an analysis of the main industrial policy measures adopted by the three Italian governments following each other on from 2013. The first focused its industrial policy on boosting the creation of innovative start-ups and fostering small-scale enterprises in order to acquire new equipment. The second of these governments stimulated public aggregate demand and passed the reform known as the Jobs Act (2014). The industry’s capacity utilization rate rose in 2016, as did the value added of the companies to their net revenues. In 2017, the third government initiated a project aimed at driving the Italian economy into the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Up to now there have indeed been positive signals from the viewpoint of capital expenditure on plants and equipment, but not yet from that of knowledge and training for new jobs.

Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Farooq ◽  
Fu Gang ◽  
Zhenzhong Guan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth in Pakistan for the period of 1960–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the Johansen co-integration test and the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) method are used for the evaluation.FindingsThe results show that in both short- and long run, domestic credit has a significantly negative impact on the agricultural growth, while broad money and cropped area positively affected the agricultural growth in Pakistan in both cases.Practical implicationsThe government and policymakers need to develop strategies that bring together agriculturalists on a single platform so that the government can clearly distinguish the interests of these farmers and can obtain precise information for allocating agricultural expenditure and easing access to credit for small-scale agriculturalists.Originality/valueThis is the first study to evaluate the impact of financial inclusion on the agricultural growth in Pakistan by using different econometric techniques, including the ARDL-bound approach, Johansen co-integration test and DOLS method.

scholarly journals Industrial Production and Investment in Pakistan

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Papanek
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Growth

Development in Pakistan so far has been largely sustained by a rapidly growing industrial sector. From 1953 to 1960, the index for manufacturing has grown more rapidly in Pakistan than in any other country for which United-Nations statistics are published, except Japan. Admittedly, the reliability of such comparisons is limited and the high rate of Pakistan's industrial growth is partly a function of the low initial level of industrial development—if you start at zero, any increase means an infinite rate. But the United-Nations index starts in the middle 1950's when Pakistan already had a respectable industrial sector and the statistics are sufficiently reliable so one can say with some confidence ' that Pakistan had a rate of industrial growth matched by few countries in the recent past. A reasonably accurate measure of the growth in industrial production and investment in Pakistan is, therefore, of particular importance to economic analysis, policy formulation, or planning. The dynamism of the industrial sector has been due to what is called " large scale industry ". No reasonably reliable information exists on value added in "small scale industry", but various official , and unofficial guesses on its growth rate have ranged from a decline to a 3.5- per-cent annual increase. There would be near-universal agreement that "large scale industry" has grown much more rapidly than "small scale". The Survey, discussed later in this paper, confirms this conclusion. From 1947 to 1959, the value added by firms with assets of less than one million rupees increased only five-fold, while that added by larger firms increased more than fifteen times.

scholarly journals TERMS OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIALIZATION: REALITIES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Olena Bazhenova ◽  
Ihor Chornodid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

he paper explores the impact of terms of trade on the industrialization and economic growth in Ukraine due to significant vulnerability of national economy to foreign economic shocks, its openness and mainly commodity structure of exports. In this research we have chosen manufacturing value added as percent in GDP to identify periods of industrialization, as its growth corresponds to periods of accelerated industrial development and vice versa. Also we considered GDP per capita as indicator of national economy’s performance. The changes in terms of trade were investigated based on the analysis of terms of trade adjustments, which are determined by the ability to import goods and services minus exports at constant prices. As an empirical research tool vector autoregressive models have been chosen to explore the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables in dynamics. Thus, the endogenous variables in the model are the annual growth rate of GDP per capita, manufacturing value added and terms of trade adjustments in 1991-2018. Therefore, the first-order vector autoregression model was constructed to examine this relationship. According to the results of research, acceleration of terms of trade adjustments growth rate (deterioration of terms of trade) in Ukraine leads to fluctuations in the manufacturing value added growth with an increase of almost 3% in the second period and further declining. It indicates an increase in industrial production in response to the deterioration of terms of trade in the short run and possible intensification of innovative economic growth triggers. Fluctuations in manufacturing value added account for from almost 7% to 14% in fluctuations of GDP per capita growth. In turn, fluctuations in terms of trade adjustments account for only from 3% to almost 5%. At the same time, fluctuations in manufacturing value added from 8% to 13% are explained by fluctuations in terms of trade adjustments.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING KOMPARATIF DAN KOMPETITIF INDUSTRI KECIL GULA KELAPA

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
M. Mustopa Romdon
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Development   of small-scale   coconut  sugar  industry  take into  account  as national  sector  in economic  region development    planning   has to  comparative    and   competitive    advantages.eEspecially,      expectation    to  gill contribution    enough   to  prosperity   improvement.    Using   The  Policy  Analysis    Matrix   (PAM)   approaches,    thl study    was   aimed    to   measure    the   comparative     advantage    and   the   impact    government's     policies    in development    on  coconut   sugar  in  Banyumas.    Its  expected   to  contribution    to  development    of  smail-scalE industry  specially  coconut-sugar   industry  at Banyumas   regency.   The results  showed  that small-scale   coconu: industries    had   having   positive   profits   both private    and   social   and   had   comparative    and   compettitiv~ advantages.   While  impact  of government   policy  to the small-scale   industry   rise  in toim of price  of input  and output.   Impact   on  input  and  output  price   respectively    indicated   that  producer    (tappers)   didn't   take  input subsidy  and experienced   disincentive   in coconut  sugar  production.   It could  be concluded   that the government policy  didnot  fully  supported   development   of small-scale   coconut  sugar  industry,   its  marked  by lowest  privat value-added    than   social    value-added    which  could    be  taken   by   actors    (tappers).    For   supporting    the development    of  the   industry    are  needed   reorientation    and   integrated    mechanism    of  institution    mainlyempowering   and marketing  institution  at least Key words:   Coconut   sugar,  small-scale industry,comparative     and   competitive    advantages 

scholarly journals Productivity of Palm Oil Extraction Technology in Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassel El Khatib ◽  
Ludek Sisak
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Agriculture and forestry remain the leading sectors in Cameroon, accounting for some 36% of the merchandise exports and for more than 40% of GDP in 1998/99. Agriculture alone accounts for more than 30% of GDP and provides employment for about 68% of the active population. The Cameroon government and industry stakeholders have continuingly expressed concern about the impact of rising food import on the local industries and the rural communities especially as vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, has a vital role to play not only as nutritional source for the Cameroon population, but for their contribution to rural incomes and employment opportunities. Particularly, Cameroon government is expecting a significant progress in implementation of new oil extraction technology where mainly in the palm oil processing technology the value added chain in this commodity is expected. Cameroon’s oil palm industry still plays a significant role in the national economy, providing oil for house hold consumption, industrial use as well as employment for thousands of Cameroonians who are engaged in production, processing and marketing. This project aims at bringing clarity on to what extent the up to date oil extraction processing technology installed in a concrete rural district, and under a clear management and regulatory structure and environment, outperforms in terms of productivity (tons of palm oil produced), quality (price of the crude palm oil) and income generation, the existing traditional manual processing palm oil producing system. The methodology applied within this study consists of comparing key indicators across populations of small scale palm oil processors in interaction with traditional non sophisticated technology with different work environment, production capacity, socio-economic status and income levels (cross-sectional statistical analysis)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document