scholarly journals Productivity of Palm Oil Extraction Technology in Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassel El Khatib ◽  
Ludek Sisak
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Agriculture and forestry remain the leading sectors in Cameroon, accounting for some 36% of the merchandise exports and for more than 40% of GDP in 1998/99. Agriculture alone accounts for more than 30% of GDP and provides employment for about 68% of the active population. The Cameroon government and industry stakeholders have continuingly expressed concern about the impact of rising food import on the local industries and the rural communities especially as vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, has a vital role to play not only as nutritional source for the Cameroon population, but for their contribution to rural incomes and employment opportunities. Particularly, Cameroon government is expecting a significant progress in implementation of new oil extraction technology where mainly in the palm oil processing technology the value added chain in this commodity is expected. Cameroon’s oil palm industry still plays a significant role in the national economy, providing oil for house hold consumption, industrial use as well as employment for thousands of Cameroonians who are engaged in production, processing and marketing. This project aims at bringing clarity on to what extent the up to date oil extraction processing technology installed in a concrete rural district, and under a clear management and regulatory structure and environment, outperforms in terms of productivity (tons of palm oil produced), quality (price of the crude palm oil) and income generation, the existing traditional manual processing palm oil producing system. The methodology applied within this study consists of comparing key indicators across populations of small scale palm oil processors in interaction with traditional non sophisticated technology with different work environment, production capacity, socio-economic status and income levels (cross-sectional statistical analysis)

The Impact of the Value-Added Tax Rate on the Entrepreneurial Behavior Model (On the Example of Palm Oil Importers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Anna V. Lozhnikova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr L. Bogdanov ◽  
Tatiana G. Vayderova ◽  
Larisa N. Spivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the problem of the reducing life quality of Russians in the new conditions of the market economy. The Russian phenomenon of the use of “palm oil” as a priority raw material in food production is analyzed against the decrease in its use in the EU countriesand against the expansion of the daily diet of the Chinese due to increased dairy food consumption. Opposing points of view of key industry associations (the Dairy Union of Russia and the Fat and Oil Union of Russia) have been identified and are presented in the context of palm oil use in dairy food production. The results of a statistical study of the demand for palm oil from Russian importers against the background of an increase in the value-added tax rate from 10 to 20% in October 2019 are presented. The data of customs statistics on palm oil imports were analyzed in the context of countries of origin, nine codes of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, months and years within the five-year period of 2016–2020, as well as in the context of the importing regions of Russia. The results of statistical processing of data by the Federal Customs Service revealed no effect of the sharp increase in the VAT rate on the volume of palm oil imports. The analysis of foreign statistics revealed a significant presence of actors in the chemical industry among transnational companies that are the largest consumers of palm oil. The model of entrepreneurial behavior based on consumption in palm oil production, formed and widely spread in the Russian food industry market, is criticized. 98% of palm oil and its fractions imported into Russia goes to the needs of food industry enterprises, and the authors consider that the foreign ownership of these enterprises plays an important role. In the authors’ opinion, in many respects, the latter fact determined our country’s ranking first in the food chemistry sector in the distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins in 2014–2016. In this respect, Russia is far ahead of China, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the UK,France, and Switzerland. In China, systematic research is being carried out on the ratio of palm oil use in the food (primarily, instant noodles, other fast food) and non-food (chemical industry, including cosmetics production) sectors.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of community pharmacy blood pressure (BP) screening services: an English cross-sectional survey with geospatial analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e032342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravina Barrett ◽  
James Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Service Redesign ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the accuracy (calibration and validation status) of digital blood pressure (BP) monitors used within community pharmacy in England and the secondary objectives were to assess the overall quality of the BP service by assessing service prevalence, service utilisation and other in-service considerations.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPrimary-care retail-pharmacies.Participants500 pharmacies that contribute to government dispensing-data were invited by post to complete the survey. Private contractors were excluded.InterventionsWe conducted a questionnaire survey with a follow-up (September 2018 to December 2018).Results109 responses were received. 61% (n=66) of responding pharmacies provided a free BP check to their patients. 40 (61%) pharmacies used recommended validated clinical metres, 6 (9%) had failed validation and 20 (30%) provided too little information to enable us to determine their monitor’s status.ConclusionsResponding pharmacies were able to provide useful BP monitoring services to their patients, though quality enhancements need to be implemented. Majority of pharmacies use validated BP monitors, however, there was a lack of range of cuff sizes, variation in replacement and calibration of monitors and apparent absence of such practice in a minority of pharmacies alongside variation in training standards. We noted higher frequency of BP screening in the most deprived postcodes.We recommend in-service redesign and delivery improvements, and suggest professional bodies and researchers work together to create clearer frameworks for front-line practitioners, creating appropriate incentives to facilitate this service redesign.Funders and policy setters should consider the value added to the National Health Service and other healthcare agencies of such screening by pharmacy providers both nationally and internationally. It has the potential to reduce complications of undiagnosed hypertension and the medicines burden that it creates. Future work should examine the impact of pharmacist-led BP screening on patients.

Morocco's phosphate company is set for an export surge

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Credit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Significance Meanwhile, the Office Cherifien des Phosphates (OCP), Morocco’s government-controlled phosphate company, has started production in a new fertiliser unit at its main processing and export centre in Jorf Lasfar, on the Atlantic coast. Morocco’s traditional phosphate industry has been eclipsed in recent years by the rapid development of new sectors such as the automotive and aeronautical industries, which are similarly oriented towards exports. Impacts OCP’s fertiliser production capacity will increase by 50% during 2018, boosting the value added to its phosphate mining activities. Increased volumes of exports of phosphates and fertilisers will counterbalance the impact of relatively low international prices. Once the new cycle of investment is complete, OCP will be in a position to pay back tax credits it has received from the government. Repayment of tax credits would boost OCP's international credit rating.

scholarly journals Performance of a small-scale construction and demolition waste recycling unit: a case study in northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Carlos Boaventura Santos ◽  
Thaís Andrade de Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Luciano Matos Queiroz ◽  
Viviana Maria Zanta
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
The Impact

Environmental and operational performance of a full-scale small and decentralized construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling unit (SDRU) were evaluated. The SDRU was defined as having a production capacity of up to 5 m3 per hour, occupying up to 100 m2. The operational and environmental performance indicators of the SDRU were obtained from the literature and validated by expert judgment. Subsequently, the values of these indicators were obtained from a real-scale SDRU in Bahia state, Brazil. The results showed that the SDRU presented lower levels of noise emission, very small water and energy consumption, and inhalable-particle concentration values lower than the requirements of Brazilian environmental legislation. It was observed that 90% of the C&DW in the storage area had recycling potential. The characteristics of the fine recycled aggregate make it suitable for use in road or sidewalk paving, and the coarse recycled aggregate is suitable for use in concrete without structural function. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the SDRU was also applied and it was concluded that the use of the recycled aggregate for manufacturing concrete without structural function reduced the environmental impact in all the categories considered, compared with the impact of natural sand and gravel extraction from nature. It was possible to conclude that the implementation of the SRDU in developing countries can provide an effective step towards reducing environmental impacts from the construction sector.

Pattern of Industrial Growth in West Bengal during 1980–1991

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Anirban Karak
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
The Impact

Three trends in industrial development contribute to the industrial history of West Bengal during the 1980–1991 period—the continuation of a secular decline in terms of employment and value added in manufacturing industries vis-à-vis other states, an ancillarization and flexibilization of production into small-scale factories with less than 20 workers, and a differential impact of this ancillarization on basic goods and consumer goods industries, with the former performing much better than the latter. Viewed through the theoretical lens of structural demand and agriculture–industry relations, the relatively slower growth of consumer goods industries poses a puzzle when the spectacular growth of agricultural output during the 1980s is considered. In this article, I suggest that tying together three factors—the impact of the ‘Green Revolution’ on West Bengal’s agriculture, the nature and effect of the Left Front’s land reforms, and the role of rural commercial capital—can in turn hold together three outcomes for the period 1980–1991 in a single explanation—high agricultural growth, mass poverty among the rural poor despite land reforms and agricultural growth, and the poor growth of consumer goods industries despite high agricultural growth.

PP24  Does a paramedic practitioner self-tasking dispatch model benefit their self-sufficiency in patient management? A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. e11.2-e12
Author(s):  
Liam Cotterill ◽  
Mary Halter
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundParamedic Practitioner (PP) scope of practice is not comprehensively understood by Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) staff and tasking may be suboptimal. In one UK ambulance trust in November 2018, one PP team was enabled to remotely monitor live incidents and, alongside some continued EOC-dispatch, to self-task to incidents they judged would benefit from their additional knowledge and skills. Evidence on self-tasking benefit was found from helicopter emergency services only.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was utilised to evaluate the impact on self-sufficiency - defined as incidents completed by a PP without the need for further ambulance resources - and conveyance rates of PPs utilising a ‘self-tasking’ dispatch model. PP-completed shift reports were collected over a 6-month period from ten PPs working in one trust locality. Excluded cases: Category-1 calls, healthcare professional calls, PP referrals and back-up requests originating from on-scene ambulance clinicians. Descriptive statistics were used to compare rates of self-sufficiency and conveyance between self-tasked and EOC-dispatched incidents.ResultsShift reports detailing 964 incidents were analysed; 705 were self-tasked and 259 were EOC-tasked. PPs showed a statistically significant increase in self-sufficiency when utilising the self-tasking method of dispatch compared to EOC initiated dispatch (88% self-tasked versus 72% EOC-tasked, χ2 40.4, df 1, p<0.01). There was also an increased non-conveyance rate self-tasking compared to EOC-led tasking (64% versus 56%, χ2 5.3, df 1, p<0.05).ConclusionsPPs appear to find it easier to identify incidents suited to their scope to be self-sufficient than EOC staff. This study is a small-scale evaluation in one site, does not adjust for confounders, and does not constitute a direct comparison of the two models. There remains a need for more rigorous research on this topic, though this evaluation suggests that there may be benefits to be gained from PPs self-tasking.

The Impact of the Industrial Policies Adopted in the Seventeenth Italian Legislature (2013-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 795-810
Author(s):  
Riccardo Gallo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
The Impact

This paper offers an analysis of the main industrial policy measures adopted by the three Italian governments following each other on from 2013. The first focused its industrial policy on boosting the creation of innovative start-ups and fostering small-scale enterprises in order to acquire new equipment. The second of these governments stimulated public aggregate demand and passed the reform known as the Jobs Act (2014). The industry’s capacity utilization rate rose in 2016, as did the value added of the companies to their net revenues. In 2017, the third government initiated a project aimed at driving the Italian economy into the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Up to now there have indeed been positive signals from the viewpoint of capital expenditure on plants and equipment, but not yet from that of knowledge and training for new jobs.

scholarly journals Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Harahap ◽  
Sylvain Leduc ◽  
Sennai Mesfun ◽  
Dilip Khatiwada ◽  
Florian Kraxner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Oil Supply

Significant amounts of biomass residues were generated in Indonesia. While untreated, residues emit greenhouse gases during the decomposition process. On the other hand, if efficiently utilized, these residues could be used to produce value-added products. This study investigates opportunities for harnessing the full potential of palm oil residues (i.e., empty fruit bunches, kernel shells, fiber, and mill effluent). As far as we are aware, the study is the first attempt to model the palm oil supply chain in a geographically explicit way while considering regional infrastructures in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The BeWhere model, a mixed integer linear programming model for energy system optimization, was used to assess the costs and benefits of optimizing the regional palm oil supply chain. Different scenarios were investigated, considering current policies and new practices leading to improved yields in small-scale plantations and power grid connectivity. The study shows that a more efficient palm oil supply chain can pave the way for the country to meet up to 50% of its national bioenergy targets by 2025, and emission reductions of up to 40 MtCO2eq/year. As much as 50% of the electricity demand in Sumatra could be met if residues are efficiently used and grid connections are available. We recommend that system improvements be done in stages. In the short to medium term, improving the smallholder plantation yield is the most optimal way to maximize regional economic gains from the palm oil industry. In the medium to long term, improving electricity grid connection to palm oil mills could bring higher economic value as excess electricity is commercialized.

scholarly journals Integrated Electrocoagulation and Tigh Ultrafiltration Membrane for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
F.A. Nugroho ◽  
Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti ◽  
B. Irawan ◽  
M.F. Kurnia ◽  
T. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation And Reuse ◽  
The Impact

Wastewater reclamation and reuse have become an alternative to saving operational costs while reducing the impact of waste pollution. In this paper, integration of electrocoagulation (EC) and polysulfone-based ultrafiltration (UF-PSf) membranes were used for the mentioned purpose. The EC unit equipped with 7 (seven) pieces of E-shaped of Al electrodes, which operated at a current of 3 (three) Amperes and a residence time of 2 (two) hours. The waste samples obtained from textile and oil palm industries. The experimental results were compared based on product quality and economic feasibility. When used for textile waste treatment, the integrated EC-UF units reduced TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD by 77%, 95%, 70 -80%, and 60-70%, respectively. While in palm oil waste treatment, the TDS and TSS reduced by 92% and 98%. The electrode loss rate in palm oil waste treatment was 2 (two) times greater than textile waste. By assuming that the waste production capacity of both industries was 400 m3/day, the water production cost in textile waste treatment was Rp. 4,000/m3. While in the palm oil waste treatment, the water production cost was Rp. 6,000/m3. These results showed that the EC-UF unit could be used as an economical and environmentally friendly alternative process for reclamation of industrial wastewater that meets the clean water quality standards.

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