Research issues in breastfeeding

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
JP Dadhich
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Maternity Benefits ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Enough scientific evidence is available in favour of breastfeeding as the optimal way of providing nutrition to the newborn infants and the preferred way of feeding in the sick neonates. Global and national guidelines for infant feeding recommend initiation of breastfeeding with in one hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. However, it remains a challenge to implement these recommendations. There are several factors such as traditional practices, cultural beliefs, availability of skilled support to the lactating mother, commercial influence, maternity benefits, hospital practices, infant feeding in HIV positive mothers etc. which impacts successful breastfeeding. Though a variety of published literature is available on these subjects, there is a need to have more studies. This article is an attempt to highlight some of these issues.

Hospital practices and concerns about infant satiety are barriers to exclusive breastfeeding in American Samoa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Hawley ◽  
Inga Holmdahl ◽  
E Ashton Strait ◽  
Joshua R Freeman ◽  
Bethel T Muasau-Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Hospital Practices ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

<p>Introduction: Initiation of breastfeeding is almost universal in American Samoa, but duration of exclusive breastfeeding is short. Increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding may be an efficacious strategy for childhood obesity prevention in American Samoa.</p><p>Aim: To understand influences on infant feeding in American Samoa and to identify potential barriers to exclusive breastfeeding</p><p>Methods: A mixed-methods, prospective study following Samoan women (n=44), their partners, and their infants from late pregnancy (average 37 weeks gestation) until eight weeks post-partum was completed in 2013. Participants reported intentions for infant feeding before birth, and practices were self-reported in questionnaires completed at 3- and 8-weeks postpartum.</p><p>Results: While 79.5% of women intended to exclusively breastfeed for the first few weeks postpartum, less than 40% were exclusively breastfeeding at 3-weeks postpartum. Many women of the women who introduced formula before 3-weeks did so before hospital discharge. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding included lack of skin-to-skin contact after delivery, delays in the initiation of breastfeeding, pain during breastfeeding, and a lack of education about infant satiety cues.</p><p>Discussion: Structural rather than individual level barriers to breastfeeding were identified by American Samoan women. Existing evidence-based interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding could be adapted for use in this setting and should begin before hospital discharge. </p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Adherence to National Infant Feeding Guidelines by Black Mothers Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Jean Hannan ◽  
Josephine B. Etowa ◽  
Seye Babatunde ◽  
Colleen Stephens ◽  
Latisha Barfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: Worldwide, 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018; half of these were infected through breastfeed­ing. Infant feeding guidelines are distinct depending on each country’s resources and national or sub-national guidelines. Because of divergent guidelines, the best infant feeding approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission can become unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the so­ciocultural and psychosocial factors related to adherence to infant feeding guidelines through a city-level, North-South com­parison of Black mothers living with HIV in Nigeria, Canada, and the United States.Design: Using a cross-sectional multi-country survey, a convenience sample of 690 mothers were recruited from June 2016 - December 2019. Socio-cultural and psychosocial factors influencing infant feed­ing practices were measured.Results: Using binary logistic regression, infant feeding attitudes (OR = 1.10), motherhood experiences (OR = 1.08), low hyper-vigilance score (OR = .935), paternal support (OR = 1.10) and percep­tion that the health care provider supported adherence to infant feeding guidelines (OR = 2.43) were associated with guideline ad­herence. Mothers who had cultural beliefs that were inconsistent with infant feeding guidelines and mothers with low incomes (OR = 2.62) were less likely adherent with their country’s guidelines.Conclusion: City-level factors were not found to influence adherence to infant feeding guidelines; however, socio-cultural and psychosocial factors at community, family and individual levels were significant. Policy formulation and targeted interven­tions must be cognizant of cultural expecta­tions of motherhood and mindful of psycho­social determinants of adherence to infant feeding guidelines.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):31- 40; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.31

Infant Weaning Practices among Hmong Women in Melbourne

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranee Liamputtong Rice
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Hmong Women ◽  
Health Organization

This paper examines infant weaning practices and describes the role of cultural beliefs and practices on infant feeding patterns among Hmong immigrants in Melbourne. The paper is based on in-depth interviews and participant observation conducted with 27 Hmong mothers and some traditional healers during 1993 and 1998. Traditionally, Hmong women breastfeed their newborn infants. Exclusive breastfeeding continues until the infant is at least five months old when supplementary food is commenced. Hmong women practise prolonged breastfeeding, usually until a subsequent birth. However, solid foods are gradually given to the child and common household foods are offered when the child is ready for them. Weaning, therefore, does not usually present an abrupt interruption in the infant's habits and hence does not cause much upset. Cultural beliefs and practices relating to infant feeding and weaning among the Hmong constitute a favourable trend, as currently recommended by the World Health Organization. It is proposed that knowledge about cultural beliefs and practices among the Hmong will help to promote better understanding among health care professionals who work with immigrants, so that culturally appropriate care can be provided.

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Asthma Care Among Providers and Adult Asthmatics in Imperial County

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Paula Kriner ◽  
Yolanda Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Adult Asthmatic ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization ◽  
Survey Results

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity in children and adults. Imperial County has reported among the highest asthma hospitalization rates in the state. Factors such as poverty, access to care, poor selfmanagement skills, and ethnocultural beliefs may influence asthma exacerbations. Provider and adult asthmatic attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding asthma were examined using a mixed-methods approach: a survey to evaluate provider conformance with national guidelines, and focus groups targeting medical practitioners and adult asthmatics. Half of all providers who treat asthmatics completed a self-administered survey about asthma diagnosis; clinical monitoring of patients; treatment; patient education; and practice guidelines. Provider focus groups further explored survey results. Adult asthmatics participated in Spanishlanguage focus groups exploring cultural beliefs, attitudes, and practices. El asma es la mayor causa de morbilidad entre niños y adultos. El Condado de Imperial ha reportado las tazas más altas de hospitalización a causa de asma en el estado. Factores como la pobreza, acceso a cuidado médico, falta de experiencia sobre como manejar la enfermedad, y creencias étnicas y culturales pueden tener una influencia en las exacerbaciones del asma. Las actitudes, creencias, y prácticas de proveedores de atención médica y adultos concerniente al asma fueron examinadas utilizando varios métodos: una encuesta con el fin de evaluar el nivel de conformidad de los proveedores según las pautas establecidas a nivel nacional, y grupos foco con médicos y adultos con asma. La mitad de los proveedores que proveen atención a asmáticos completaron una encuesta acerca del diagnosis de asma; el monitoreo clínico de los pacientes; administración de tratamiento; educación a los pacientes; y pautas establecidas para proveer atención a pacientes con asma. Los grupos foco con los proveedores exploraron aun más los resultados de las encuestas. Los adultos con asma participaron en grupos foco dirigidos en español para explorar más a fondo las creencias culturales, actitudes y prácticas.

scholarly journals Infant Feeding Practices in Kaski District, Pokhara

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
S Basnet ◽  
E Gauchan ◽  
K Malla ◽  
T Malla ◽  
DP Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Prelacteal Feeds ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Background: Children in developing countries are prone to infectious diseases due to insufficient and inappropriate feeding practices. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors directly and indirectly play a role in influencing infant feeding practices.  This study was conducted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding, complimentary feeding, and the various prelacteal feeds practiced in Kaski, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, interviews were conducted to 500 mothers at Manipal Teaching Hospital who brought their child for treatment. The interviews were conducted in a questionnaire format relating to their demographic and financial statuses. Results: A total of 500 mothers were questioned, out of which 86.6% gave their child breastmilk as its first food. 47% initiated breastfeeding within half an hour of child’s birth. 86% gave Jaulo as the first complementary food to their children. About 26% of the mothers gave complementary feeding to their children before the recommended time of 6 months. Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding after life and complementary feeding practices overall has improved from previous studies. There is still need of making awareness campaigns and such in order to further improve this trend. Key words: Breastfeeding; Complimentary feeding; Malnourishment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5339     J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 23-27

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of infant feeding in the first 6 months among HIV-positive mothers at the Queen Mamohato Memorial hospital clinics, Maseru, Lesotho

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen O. Olorunfemi ◽  
Lilian Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: The balance between the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through breastfeeding and its life-saving benefits complicates decisions about infant feeding among HIV-positive mothers in the first 6 months.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of infant feeding among HIV-positive mothers attending the prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in Maseru, Lesotho.Method and setting: This observational cross-sectional study was done by collecting data from HIV-positive mothers attending the filter clinics of Queen Mamohato Memorial hospital in Maseru, Lesotho. HIV-positive mothers with infants below the age of 6 months attending the clinics at the time of the study were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire. We described the sociodemographic profile of the mothers, the information and education received on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) infant feeding options, the mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of infant feeding, and assessed risk factors for improved knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results: The majority (96%) of the 191 HIV-positive mothers who participated in the survey knew about the PMTCT programme and related breastfeeding services. Most of the participants chose to breastfeed (89%), while only 8% formula-fed their infants. Knowledge received during the PMTCT programme was significantly associated with the decision to exclusively breastfeed their infants. Earlier infant feeding counselling and education was associated with more exclusively breastfeeding as compared to late infant feeding counselling (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study found that HIV-positive mothers attending health clinics in Maseru, Lesotho, had high knowledge, and appropriate attitudes and practices with respect to infant feeding; and that early counselling and education improved infant feeding methods among these mothers.

scholarly journals A qualitative study exploring infant feeding decision‐making between birth and 6 months among HIV‐positive mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e12726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Horwood ◽  
Ngcwalisa Amanda Jama ◽  
Lyn Haskins ◽  
Anna Coutsoudis ◽  
Lenore Spies
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Feeding Decision

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness-based survey of COVID-19 within the eye care profession in Nepal: Misinformation is hiding the truth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254761
Author(s):  
Sandip Das Sanyam ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Pankaj Chaudhary ◽  
Matthew J. Burton ◽  
Jeremy J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean

Background Nepal was under a severe lockdown for several months in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There were concerns regarding misinformation circulating on social media. This study aimed to analyse the knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 amongst eye care professionals in Nepal during the first wave of the pandemic. Methodology We invited 600 participants from 12 ophthalmic centres across Nepal to complete a qualitative, anonymous online survey. Altogether, 25 questions (both open and closed-ended) were used. An overall performance score was calculated from the average of the 12 “Knowledge” questions for all the participants. Results Of the 600 eye care professionals invited, 310 (51%) participated in the survey. The symptoms of COVID-19 were known to 94%, whilst only 49% of the participants were aware how the disease was transmitted, with 54% aware that anyone can be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Almost 98% of participants recognized the World Health Organization’s (WHO) awareness message, but surprisingly, 41% of participants felt that consumption of hot drinks helps to destroy the virus, in contradiction to WHO information. Importantly, 95% of the participants were aware of personal protective equipment (PPE) and what the acronym stands for. Social distancing was felt to be key to limiting the disease spread; whilst 41% disagreed that PPE should be mandatory for eye care practitioners. The mean overall “Knowledge” performance score was 69.65% (SD ± 22.81). Conclusion There is still considerable scope to improve the knowledge of COVID-19 amongst ophthalmic professionals in Nepal. Opinion is also split on measures to prevent transmission, with misinformation potentially fuelling confusion. It is recommended to follow WHO and national guidelines, whilst seeking published scientific evidence behind any unofficial statements, to accurately inform one’s clinical practice.

scholarly journals Difficult choices: Infant feeding experiences of HIV-positive mothers in northern Tanzania

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebalda Charles Leshabari ◽  
Astrid Blystad ◽  
Karen Marie Moland
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers
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