Towards a Comprehensive Index of Labour Law Reform and Ranking of States

2021 ◽  
pp. 097674792198914
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Since the pioneering paper by Besley and Burgess (2004) claimed to have found a positive relationship between flexible and pro-employer labour regulations with manufacturing sector performance, there has been an increasing pitch among policymakers to rationalise India’s complicated labour laws. Several state governments have since undertaken significant reforms in their respective labour law regimes. During the recent pandemic-induced lockdown, some states have gone to the extent of temporarily suspending labour laws to kick-start the economy. The Government of India has also recently consolidated the fragmented labour laws by integrating them into four functionally arranged Codes. But the regulatory measure developed by Besley and Burgess, the very basis of their conclusions, has been criticised on the ground of narrow coverage, methodological inconsistency, misclassification of amendments, etc. This article, therefore, attempts to construct a comprehensive Index by mapping state level-amendments in five important labour legislations over the seven-decade period from 1949 to 2017 and coding those amendments. The article is organised as follows: After the context-setting introductory section, the second section summarises the existing evidence on the relationship between labour regulations and manufacturing sector performance in India. The third section discusses the limitations of Besley–Burgess Index. The fourth section briefly mentions the research direction post publication of Besley–Burgess paper. The fifth section develops a comprehensive Index, and it discusses how it improves the BB Index. The sixth section concludes the article. JEL: J3, K3

Make in India and Labour Reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
State Government ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Forced Labour

India is a labour surplus country with 47 million unemployed below the age of 24 years and 12-13 million youths joining the labour market every year. To avoid the growing unemployment, India strongly needs labour intensive and labour friendly industries. Labour being in the concurrent list of the constitution, both central and state government legislate on it. But the State Governments have limited space to enact labour laws to address their own requirements-promoting investment and employment generation. Labour law reform is currently on the political agenda in India, particularly in the wake of the election of the new Modijee led government at the centre. The first set of initiatives, announced in October 2014, were the “unified labour and industrial portal” and “labour inspection scheme”. Our constitution has many articles directed toward their interests for eg. Article 23 forbids forced labour, 24 forbids child labour (in factories, mines and other hazardous occupations) below age of 14 years. Further, Article 43A was inserted by 42nd amendment – directing state to take steps to ensure worker’s participation in management of industries. (Gandhi ji said that employers are trustees of interests of workers and they must ensure their welfare.) India is expected to generate 51 million jobs till 2019, it is imperative to streamline all laws, to facilitate manufacturing sector in India so as economy could absorb new human resource inflow.

Urban poverty in India: Issues and perspectives in development

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Government

The present paper examines the trends in rural and urban poverty, analyses the interstate variations and explains these in terms of socio-economic factors. It shows that rural poverty declines smoothly with economic development, which unfortunately is not the case with urban poverty. The availability of water supply, toilets and electricity, that are not explicitly incorporated in the official definition of poverty, has also been analysed at the state level as also across size class of urban settlements. It is argued that the small and medium towns have a weak and unstable economic base. As a consequence, most of these are not in a position to generate funds to provide civic services to all sections of population. These towns, particularly those located in less developed states, should, therefore, be the major concern of government policy. Further, overviewing the changing system of governance, it argues that the seventy-fourth Constitutional Amendment, has not succeeded in genuine empowerment of civic bodies. The power now seems to have shifted from the state governments to the financial institutions, international donors and credit rating agencies. Finally, the capacity of the government to generate employment directly through anti-poverty programmes would remain limited. The paper, therefore, recommends that the anti-poverty programmes should primarily be focussed on provision of basic amenities.

Reform of Japan's working practices grows more urgent

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reform Legislation ◽  
Fixed Wage ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Labour Regulation

Subject Labour regulation and workers' rights in Japan. Significance Prime Minister Shinzo Abe withdrew a key labour law reform at the end of February that would have expanded a system of 'discretionary labour' in which employees are paid a fixed wage regardless of how long they actually work. The stated reason was that flaws had been found in the survey data that the government used to support the legislation. However, the proposed law had generated opposition since first introduced in 2015. Critics argued that it simply expanded unpaid overtime worked by already stressed employees. Impacts A 2013 reform that comes into force on April 1 will inform the prospects of new legislation. The government will need trade union backing to buttress support within the ruling and opposition parties. An unrelated political scandal facing the prime minister could derail labour reform legislation.

Analytics for Decision Making at Ports

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kumar Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Ports serve as an important link in global supply chain. Worldwide more than 75 percent of cargo move by sea. Over the years, the Indian Union has endeavoured to invest on major ports of the country to meet up to the global standards. Yet the share of major ports under the government of India has decrease from 90 to 70 percentage of total sea borne cargo in the country. The major ports lost its share to the minor ports under the state governments. Two reasons could be hypothesized for the said problem. One, the investments are not made in the right direction and other that the efficiency needs to be improved in functioning of the ports. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the dimensions of port performance and the causality between the dimensions. It chooses to take average turn round time (ATRT) as an indicator of port performance. The paper proposes an analytical framework to identify the causality that would aid the decision makers. The causal approach has been based on identifying the dimensions (factors) using multi-variate data analysis, establishing the linear causal association between the ATRT and the factors, analyzing the relationship so obtained to propose an System Dynamics model for policy simulation by the decision makers.

THE VALUATION APPROACH IN RELATION TO THE MODEL OF PRIVATISATION FOR LAND DEVELOPMENT ADOPTED

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Raji ◽  
Norhaya Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Land Development ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Property Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Privatisation of property development has been practiced in Malaysia since the 1980s where it not only involved the Federal Government but also the State Governments and the Local Governments. The government undertakes privatisation of property development for various benefits such as to reduce expenditure, to improve the quality of development and to ensure faster delivery of product.  It was observed that valuation of lands involved in the privatisation is significant as the valuation determines the returns to the government and costs to the developer. Inevitably the valuation will determine whether the privatisation should proceed or not. This research investigates the relationship between the model of privatisation adopted (MOP) and the approach to valuation for privatisation of property development projects by a local authority in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.  The models of privatisation studied are the land swap, land lease, and the joint venture developments. Altogether fifteen privatisation projects were studied. Data gathered from interviews with key personnel from the identified projects were analysed qualitatively. The findings of the research positively report that the model of privatisation not only determines the type of valuation to be carried out whether capital or lease valuation but also influences the parameters for determining the value.  

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA, (1970-2009)

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Adejumo Akintoye Victor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between foreign direct investment and the value added to the manufacturing industry in Nigeria, between the period 1970 and 2009. In view of the development and industrialising desires of Nigeria, as well as the foreign aid received in form of private investments, it is pertinent to examine the effect the presence of multinationals has had in shaping the Nigerian manufacturing industry. Using the autoregressive lag distribution technique to determine the relationship between foreign direct investment and manufacturing value added, it was discovered that in the long-run, foreign direct investments have had a negative effect on the manufacturing sub-sector in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In India the Foreign direct investment (FDI) has received a staged improvement from instigate of the Make in India scheme, according to recent survey. There was a incredible increase in FDI inflows (40%) particularly in manufacturing sector from October, 2014 to June, 2019 . The industrial sector is considered to be the one of the dominant sectors that contribute the major Indian GDP. India has been ranked fourteenth in the factory output in the world. This was because of the launch of initiative, which sought for promoting manufacturing segments and be a magnet for foreign investments. More than 56 manufacturing units are benefitted in the entire globe. In the recent times during the year 2014 to 2019 the Industrial production inclined to 3.1 per cent, mainly on account of improvement and to encourage talent augmentation towards the various sectors of the economy. This article brings out the recent efforts taken by the government for encouraging the FDI into various sectors and how it has made a pathway. In the last ten years India has shown a tremendous increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the various sectors in economy. Even though Government of India has make a pathway for attracting FDI on various sectors, this papers focuses on explaining the impact of make in India scheme on FDI. In this paper period of five years has been considered for the analysis. The Statistical Tools like Karl Pearson's Coefficient Correlation and One - Way ANOVA has been used for the analysis of data. To study the relationship between the FDI and IIP correlation is used for the analysis of data

scholarly journals GST: Farewell to Multilevel Taxation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Ashween Anand
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revenue Efficiency ◽  
Year 2000

On 8th September 2016, President Pranab Mukherjee approved the government‟s flagship Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill. After going through a long journey of more than 16 years which first started in year 2000 in a Committee headed by Asim Dasgupta, GST will finally come into force from 1st April, 2017. GST is a single „unified‟ indirect tax levied on goods and services that subsumes multiple taxes levied at the Central and the State level. This paper draws attention to the implications of a „comprehensive‟ GST for economic growth, efficient resource allocation, GDP growth, tax compliance and administration, imports and exports, manufacturing sector, tax revenue efficiency and State finances. The findings of various Task forces/Committees conclude that GST may turn out to be a positive-sum game by bringing in “collective gain” for agriculture, manufacturing and trading sectors along with the final consumers and the government. Irrespective of the wide array of opportunities opened up by GST, the government must be mindful of its accompanying challenges such as development of a sound IT infrastructure, tax administration and modern information systems and determination of GST rate, exemptions, etc. The success of the government in addressing these challenges will determine the sustainability of this major indirect tax reform in the long run.

scholarly journals In Search of "Industrial Harmony": The Process of Labour Law Reform in Manitoba, 1984

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-161
Author(s):  
Errol Black
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the roots of the controversy over industrial relations within Manitoba NDP, looks at the process which the government initiated as a means of delivering its commitments to organized labour and outlines the conditions by which the business class in Manitoba forced the government to retreat.

scholarly journals Extending and repeating assessments is a key tool to reveal barriers to effective management of protected areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Eugênio Maes ◽  
Eduardo L. Hettwer Giehl ◽  
Natalia Hanazaki
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Government ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHere we assessed protected area (PA) management effectiveness while also checking for potential barriers. We addressed 21 PAs of the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Out of these, we assessed 10 PAs under state level administration that lacked thus far a standardized assessment. For PAs under federal administration, we got assessment data from the government itself. We contrasted the PAs regarding the level of administration and collected a list of aspects that could result in differences in management effectiveness between PAs. We checked the relationship between PA aspects and mean effectiveness with linear models. The same aspects were also related to PA management elements, namely context, planning, inputs, processes, and outputs, using redundancy analysis. Management effectiveness and scores of management elements were found to be lower for PAs either with unresolved land tenure, lacking management plans, being under many pressures and threats, or being under state level administration. Our results call for extended assessments to reach the reality of the Brazilian PA network with different administration levels. Assessments must be carried out regularly since it is the only way to effectively flag a barrier, clear it, then find the next one to be tackled.

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