scholarly journals I Keep Looking at What I’m Doing to My Organs: Samoans’ Responses to Adapted Anti-Tobacco Television Advertisements

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110209
Author(s):  
Elaine Umali ◽  
Helen Tanielu ◽  
Robyn Whittaker ◽  
Cam Sugden ◽  
Judith McCool
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Television Advertisements ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation

There has been an increase of adapted tobacco control media campaigns in low- and middle-income countries. Adapting existing material offers many benefits especially to countries with limited resources. We adapted 3 television advertisements for the Tu’u Nei Loa Le Ulaula Tapa’a (Stop Smoking Now) campaign in Samoa. Adaption included rigorous efforts to ensure advertisements were culturally appropriate. To determine audiences’ perception of anti-tobacco television advertisements to promote smoking cessation, we conducted 8 talanoa, a Pacific Islands research methodology, among 54 smokers and nonsmokers in Apia, Samoa. The talanoa were transcribed, translated, and thematically coded. Results suggest that the advertisements raised awareness on the negative health impacts of tobacco use, especially to the internal organs. Graphic and emotionally evocative advertisements, especially those that have an impact on the family, have greater potential to motivate Samoans to quit.

scholarly journals I keep looking at what I’m doing to my organs: Samoans’ responses to adapted anti-tobacco television advertisements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Umali ◽  
Helen Tanielu ◽  
Robyn Whittaker ◽  
Cam Sugden ◽  
Judith McCool
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Family ◽  
Television Advertisements ◽  
Promote Smoking Cessation

Abstract Background There has been an increase of adapted tobacco control media campaigns in low and middle countries. Adapting existing material offers many benefits especially to countries with limited resources. We adapted three television advertisements for the Tu’u Nei Loa Le Ulaula Tapa’a (Stop Smoking Now) campaign in Samoa. Adaption included rigorous efforts to ensure advertisements were culturally appropriate. Methods To determine audiences’ perception and perceived efficacy of anti-tobacco television advertisements to promote smoking cessation, we conducted eight talanoa , a Pacific Islands research methodology, among 54 smokers and non-smokers in Apia, Samoa. The talonoa were transcribed, translated and thematically coded. Results Qualitative results suggest that the advertisements raised the awareness of the participants on the negative health impacts of tobacco use, especially to the internal organs. Graphic, and emotionally evocative advertisements, especially those that impact on the family, have greater potential to motivate Samoans to quit.Conclusion Study findings provide preliminary evidence that adapting advertisements may offer a cost-effective strategy to reduce smoking rates for low- and middle-income countries to use existing campaigns that have been proven effective in other countries.

scholarly journals Socio-Ecological Nature of Drowning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review to Inform Health Promotion Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthia Cenderadewi ◽  
Richard Franklin ◽  
Sue Devine
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Drowning Prevention ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Most deaths by drowning (91%) have occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in Southeast Asia (35%) and Africa (20%), in proportion to total drowning deaths worldwide. Poor data collection in LMICs hinders the planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to review the rates and risk factors of unintentional drowning in LMICs and to identify drowning prevention strategies within a socio-ecological health promotion framework. A systematic search, guided by PRISMA, was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Informit health, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, SafetyLit, Google Scholar, and BioMed Central databases for all relevant studies published between 2012 and 2017. McMaster appraisal guideline was used for critical review. The disparity of available drowning data was observed across selected countries. The highest rates were identified in low-middle income South-east Asian countries. The socio-economic background of the family, overcrowding, and living close to water bodies were important predictors for paediatric drowning in LMICs, while the presence of mother as caregiver was identified as a protective factor. The over-reliance on active injury prevention strategies was identified. Further research focusing on developing relevant upstream drowning prevention and water safety promotion is needed to ensure the sustainability of drowning prevention in LMICs.

Aligning a training curriculum with local needs: Use of an advisory board

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087282091526
Author(s):  
Renee A Hepperlen ◽  
Paula Rabaey ◽  
Esther Ngulube ◽  
Jennifer Biggs ◽  
Donna DeGracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Training Curriculum ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Community Volunteers ◽  
Life Circumstances

Children with disabilities and their families often experience life circumstances that lead to reduced quality of life in low- and middle-income countries. This article describes the development of a curriculum to train community volunteers to provide support to families of children with disabilities in Lusaka, Zambia, using feedback from an advisory board of local stakeholders. Stakeholders had two opportunities to offer input on the curriculum. Reviewer comments focused on three themes – making the manual more Zambian, needing additional content, and simplifying the message. Recommendations were incorporated into the manual – allowing for culturally appropriate alignment with Zambian needs and customs.

scholarly journals Smartphone microendoscopy for high resolution fluorescence imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Hong ◽  
Vivek K. Nagarajan ◽  
Dale H. Mugler ◽  
Bing Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past

High resolution optical endoscopes are increasingly used in diagnosis of various medical conditions of internal organs, such as the cervix and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, but they are too expensive for use in resource-poor settings. On the other hand, smartphones with high resolution cameras and Internet access have become more affordable, enabling them to diffuse into most rural areas and developing countries in the past decade. In this paper, we describe a smartphone microendoscope that can take fluorescence images with a spatial resolution of 3.1 [Formula: see text]m. Images collected from ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo samples using the device are also presented. The compact and cost-effective smartphone microendoscope may be envisaged as a powerful tool for detecting pre-cancerous lesions of internal organs in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Smokers' Responses to Antitobacco Television Advertisements: Results from Ten Low- to Middle- Income Countries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wakefield ◽  
Megan Bayly ◽  
Sarah Durkin ◽  
Trish Cotter ◽  
Sandra Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Television Advertisements

Advocacy in dementia

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Gorazd B. Stokin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Advocacy in dementia can be defined best as the act or process by an individual or a group influencing or otherwise supporting within social, health, economic, and political systems and organizations better dementia care at large. Dementia advocacy encompasses many activities including among others public speaking and media campaigns, sharing knowledge and experiences, providing resources including funding, establishing groups and organizations, developing and presenting guidelines, criteria, programmes, strategies, and policies and consulting regional, national, and international decision-makers to promote, support, and otherwise further dementia care. Recently, the World Health Organization recognized dementia as a global epidemic with the majority of people afflicted by dementia originating from low- to middle-income countries where access to dementia care is limited or absent. Indeed, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective strategies to deliver sufficient and efficient dementia care as well as to optimize needed resources including finances. This need can only be fulfilled with diligent advocacy, which initially played a crucial role in defining the modern notion of dementia and more recently propelled dementia to the centre stage of healthcare priorities across the globe.

scholarly journals Current Trends and Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Adult Smokers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Olusegun Owotomo
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Objective: This study aims to systematically review the existing literature on the current developments and impact of smoking cessation interventions targeted toward adult smokers in low and middle income countries (LMICs).Methods: Major databases were searched with the following selection criteria: (1) studies based on empirical findings that demonstrate the impact of smoking cessation interventions in LMICs; (2) studies conducted in or focused on LMICs; (3) studies targeted at the adult smoking population; (4) studies focused on smoking cessation component of tobacco control; (5) studies that reported on the capacity for smoking cessation intervention and current developments in LMICs; (6) published in peer review journals between 2003 and April, 2013; (7) studies written or transcribed in English.Results: A total of 23 articles (23 studies) were included in the review. Six studies assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention types in some LMICs. Four studies explored the reach, adoption and institutionalisation of cessation interventions. Six studies assessed physicians’ capacity to provide cessation interventions, and seven studies provided insights on current developments.Conclusion: Smoking cessation interventions are not readily available and affordable in LMICs. Extensive research is needed to determine the most cost-effective and culturally appropriate smoking cessation interventions for adult smokers in LMICs.

Surgical consent in sub-Saharan Africa: a modern challenge for the humanitarian surgeon

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie CJ Dunin De Skrzynno ◽  
Francesco Di Maggio
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western World ◽  
World Medical Association ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Independent Decision

Surgical consent is one of the pillars of ethical conduct in Western world surgical practice. Recent studies have described the consenting processes for clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but only a few have explored its practice before surgical procedures. The recent World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Lisbon recommends autonomy and independent decision-making. However, informed consent is influenced by cultural background, family structure, socioeconomic status, religion and education. The authors of the paper support the WMA recommendations, but agree the process for obtaining informed consent should be reviewed and developed to integrate in a culturally appropriate manner. This commentary reports the author’s personal experience of surgical consent in Burundi and reviews the literature describing its practice and the specific challenges faced in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its aim is to encourage a debate among surgeons as to how surgical consent can be undertaken in different scenarios of LMICs.

scholarly journals Evidence of the Practice of Self-Medication with Antibiotics among the Lay Public in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeel Aslam ◽  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Che Suraya Zin ◽  
Norny Syafinaz Ab Rahman ◽  
Syed Imran Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lay Public

The current scoping review is an attempt to explore the key reasons, determinants, patterns and prevalence related to self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) among the lay public. An online search was conducted using Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest and PubMed. A two-phase mapping approach was used. In the first phase, studies were screened. In the second phase, the data were extracted from selected studies followed by the assessment of data quality. A total of 24 studies were included; 20 were cross-sectional, 3 were qualitative and one was observational. The most common indications were flu, cough, common colds, sore throat, diarrhea, toothache and fever. The most common determinants reported were past good experience and suggestions from friends or relatives. The use of SMA was observed to be more frequent in younger aged individuals belonging to low- or middle-income groups. The prevalence rate was reported to be high among the South Asian lay public and may be a major contributor to antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, this scoping review identifies a need for education campaigns and mass media campaigns to strengthen lay public awareness about the side effects and risks associated with SMA. In addition to this, there is a need to implement strict policies by government agencies to restrict over the counter availability of antibiotics.

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