scholarly journals Engineering Education and Power: the Case of Innovation in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Global South ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Innovative Climate ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Global North

Engineering education is the application of scientific, economic, social and practical knowledge to invent, create, design, build, maintain, research and improve structures machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. Engineering education is therefore an important component of innovation. The various innovations brought about by engineering education has delineated various countries along the lines of power and there is a dichotomy between them. Key among this is the separation between the Global North and the Global South. Innovation is a process and application of a new or meaningfully amended creation that needs long term commitment, resources and innovative climate in an organization. Findings from the study revealed that power dynamics is present in all situation and it takes different forms. It influences and shapes relationship. The study therefore recommends that there is a need to intensify efforts on engineering education in developing countries to create more innovations in the 21st century and effort should be geared towards the use and application of these innovations.

If things go South: The renewed policy of sport mega events allocation and its implications for future research

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022098134
Author(s):  
Billy Graeff ◽  
Jorge Knijnik
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Global South ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global North ◽  
Analytical Tools

The past few decades have seen an increase of sport mega events (SMEs) held outside the Global North. This tendency has been accompanied by a growing public expenditure in these events. This paper employs selected Global South SMEs to discuss this trend. By critically analysing public documents, biddings and reports, the study traces comparisons between 21st-century Global South and Global North SMEs expenditures, in the revenue of franchise owners (FIFA and the International Olympic Committee), in construction costs within the budgets and in the costs related to security. This comprehensive and intertwined investigation shows the need for new analytical tools – such as the Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events Allocation, a concept developed here - to better capture the central questions posed by the challenges of ‘SMEs going South’.

Career Development Theories from the Global South

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Afonso Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global North

The career development field has produced theories from the Global North that have been imported and applied in the Global South countries. These theories were developed in different socioeconomic and cultural contexts than those of the Global South, which can generally be characterized by vulnerability and instability. Theories and practices must be contextualized if they are to be of assistance to the users of career development services. This chapter has two aims. First, by means of an intercultural dialogue proposal, it discusses the need to contextualize theories to assist people with their career issues and foster social justice. Second, it presents career theories and practices produced in the Global South (Latin America, Africa, and developing countries of Asia) and discusses their potential as an alternative to expand the mainstream career development theories from the North. Such theories can be understood as a Southern contribution to the social justice agenda.

scholarly journals The anthropology of austerity

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (83) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Powers ◽  
Theodoros Rakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Global South ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Temporal Consciousness ◽  
Global North

This introduction posits that austerity is an instantiation of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and thus must be revisited in two ways, involving its historical and geographical rendering. First, anthropological accounts should think of austerity in the long term, providing encompassing genealogies of the concept rather than seeing it as breach to historical continuity. Second, the discipline should employ the comparative approach to bring together analyses of SAPs in the Global South and austerity measures in the Global North, providing a more comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. We are interested in what austerity does to people’s temporal consciousness, and what such people do toward a policy process that impacts their lives. We find, in this comparative pursuit, instead of Foucauldian internalization, dissent and dissatisfaction.

To the Richest Go the Spoils? Immigration, Development, and the North-South Divide, 1970–2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Global North ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This paper empirically assesses, for the first time, the relationship between immigration and national economic development in both the global North and the global South. A series of panel models demonstrate that immigration exacerbates North-South inequalities through differential effects on average per capita incomes in the global North and global South. Immigration has positive effects on average incomes in both the North and the South, but the effect is larger in the global North. Thus the relationship between immigration and development evinces a Matthew Effect at the world level: by contributing to differential levels of economic development in the North and South, immigration widens international inequalities in the long term, resulting in the accumulation of advantage in the North. The implications of the results are discussed in the context theory and policy on the migration-development nexus.

scholarly journals Concepts of South-South Economic Cooperation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Order ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Ties

The paper traces the evolution of conceptual approaches to South-South economic cooperation. It is shown that with the collapse of the bipolar system and the rise of globalization the interest in South-South cooperation have risen again, and compared to the 1950–1970-ies focuses more on economic relations of developing countries. At the same time, the article shows that the deepening differentiation of the countries of the global South allows us to consider the South-South dialogue as ambiguous process. According to the author, this is a set of relations of very different level of interaction between developing countries, which are part of a more fundamental process of transformation of the existing “Westcentric” world order. The paper identifies four such levels, characterized by very different opportunities for participating in economic ties between developing countries: relations of major countries of the South with each other (especially in BRICS and IBSA groups); the interaction of the largest countries with other developing countries (most known for the cooperation in the framework of “One belt, one road” Chinese initiative); intensive contacts of countries of the global South due to the objectively existing neighborhood effect (the most famous integration groupings are ASEAN in Southeast Asia and MERCOSUR in Latin America); and cross-border ties of small developing countries geographically distant from each other. The paper concludes that South-South cooperation cannot be a full-fledged alternative to other global economic ties. Indeed, countries of the global North dominate in many areas and more often still offer mutually beneficial cooperation to developing countries, so that isolation from the global North is akin to autarky. South-South cooperation should be viewed primarily as a way to develop additional forms of interaction different from that dominant in the contemporary world, prescribed mainly taking into account the views of several leading economic powers. Thus, it is correct to speak of South- non-West cooperation, referring to rather developed countries that are not able to build relations with the US and key EU countries (e.g. Russia). 

scholarly journals Developing Countries in the Lead—What Drives the Diffusion of Plastic Bag Policies?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Knoblauch ◽  
Linda Mederake ◽  
Ulf Stein
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Global South ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Global North

While diffusion patterns are quite well understood in the context of the Global North, diffusion research has only been applied to a limited extent to investigate how policies spread across developing countries. In this article, we therefore analyze the diffusion patterns of plastic bag bans and plastic bag taxes in the Global South and Global North to contribute to the further refinement of diffusion theory by specifically addressing the under-researched Global South. Moreover, with an in-depth investigation of plastic bag policies through the lens of diffusion research, the article provides insights in the rather new and still underexplored policy field of plastic pollution. We find that industrialized countries have mostly adopted plastic bag taxes, while developing countries have mainly introduced plastic bag bans and thus more stringent legislation than countries in the Global North. So far, the key driving force for the diffusion of plastic bag policies in the Global North has been the global public pressure. In the Global South, where plastic bag litter is much more visible and harmful due to limited waste collection and recycling rates, national problem pressure has been much more influential.

Global and Globalizing Cities from the Global South: Multiple Realities and Pathways to Form a New Order

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Parsa Arbab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Global South ◽  
Global City ◽  
New Order ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Global North

Abstract The global city order has been changed and reconstructed during the past two decades by the rising of global or globalizing cities in developing and emerging economies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This transition has been dominated by the current global city label with reference to the prime and paradigmatic cases and hegemonic and monopolistic measures from the North. However, achieving a general set of uniform and convergent results is a barren probability, and has led to the underestimation of the local contexts, implications and probabilities. So, it will be challenging to explore the evidence of the globalization of cities in developing countries, and to explain the concepts and meanings of the global positions and functions for their vision and development. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the neglected realities and pathways for reconceptualizing the global city theory by shift from the Global North to the Global South.

scholarly journals Introduction to Special issue: Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 104398622110504
Author(s):  
Vania Ceccato
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Global South ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Global North ◽  
Global Criminology

This article introduces the special issue “Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century” that is composed of seven studies of contemporary security problems and related public security initiatives in Brazil. They are multidisciplinary contributions employing a large variety of methods, written by researchers based on Brazilian universities or research executed in cooperation with international colleagues. This is a unique and valuable reference source for researchers interested in Brazilian and Latin American security challenges as well as attempts to address them. By recognizing current barriers in knowledge production and sharing, the special issue calls for the creation of new opportunities for joint knowledge from the “criminologies” of the Global South and those from the Global North, befitting an inclusive global criminology worthy of the 21st century.

Are We Living in a Globalized World?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ai-Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
Global North ◽  
Biased Language ◽  
Globalized World

The author first points to some prejudiced or inappropriate language use in an era of globalization, for example, distinctions between language and dialect, Global South and Global North, developed countries and developing countries, majority and minority, intercultural education, and multicultural education. Then the author extends the discussion to the inequality in different fields, such as the educational and economic fields. Finally, the author calls for elimination of the biased language use and unequal practice in an era of globalization. This chapter concludes that a real globalization will not be attained without an equal globe and suggests unbiased language use and equal practices in language use in various domains.

scholarly journals From South to North in the globalised world of early childhood education and care: varied national and local responses in selected countries

Pedagogika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Pupala ◽  
Ondrej Kaščák
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Global North ◽  
New Policies

This article analyses the neoliberal transformation of ECEC in five selected countries (Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Kenya). Both the Global South and the Global North are represented. The countries were selected either because of the authors’ involvement in research in the respective country or because of their long-term personal experience of that particular system of ECEC. The knowledge the authors acquired enabled them to delve deeper into the question of the point at which ECEC systems encounter neoliberal education policy and to describe the different ways in which the countries have adapted to the new policies. The article shows that neoliberal education policies require different types of adaptation and that these may have very different effects on the system of ECEC – from a change in concept to system convergence and practical resistance or total governance of the ECEC sector. The article contributes to a more granular understanding of the effect of the economising discourse on the ECEC sector. Keywords: ECEC, social investment approach, EU, Germany, Slovakia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nepal, Global North, Global South

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