Relationships between expressed and felt emotions in music

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Evans ◽  
Emery Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Emotional Quality ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geometric Space ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines empirically the possible relationships between the emotional quality one can attribute to musical stimuli (expressed emotion, or external locus of emotion) and the subjective emotional response one can have as a result of listening to music (felt emotion, or internal locus). The relationship between the two loci of emotion is often assumed to be positive, that is, when listening to music, one feels the emotion that the music expresses. Gabrielsson has suggested, however, that this assumption is simplistic, and has proposed a model that describes other possible relationships. The present study quantitatively investigates Gabrielsson's proposal. Forty-five participants responded to questions about both expressed emotion and felt emotion for two familiar experimenter-selected pieces (Pachelbel's Canon and Advance Australia Fair, the Australian national anthem) and one or two pieces of their own selection. Participants were asked to “imagine” their self-selected pieces in the absence of recordings or a live performance. An experimenter-selected piece was both sounded and imagined, and no significant difference was observed in responses between the two conditions. Quantitative criteria were generated in order to compare the loci (internal and external) of each piece in geometric space. Results showed that the positive relationship, where the internal and external locus emotions are the same, occurred in 61% of cases. In general, these pieces were preferred more than those exhibiting non-positive relationships. Implications for practices that tacitly assume a 100% positive relationship, or are not specific about the locus of emotion, are discussed.

scholarly journals Feedback Environment and Creativity in Education Organizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ying-Leh Ling ◽  
Fairuz Ismail ◽  
Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Feedback Environment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between feedback environment practices and creativity in the educational organizations. This study is a quantitative study. A total of 40 polytechnic students from Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak are randomly selected to participate in this study. Data were obtained using a set of questionnaire consisting of three parts. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Inferential analysis involves <em>t</em> test and Pearson correlation. The findings have shown that the level of feedback environment based on students' perception is high. Simultaneously, the level of creativity among the students is also high. The findings indicated that there is no significant difference in feedback environment between genders. Furthermore, the study also showed a significant and positive relationship between feedback environment and students’ creativity. The results of this study have several implications directly to the formation of high-quality students as feedback environment and students’ creativity are interrelated and inseparable in educational organizations.

The relationship between sports manager behaviour and locus of control: An application on students of faculties of sport sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
İlker Günel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manager Behavior ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Manager Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the locus of control and the sports manager behavior levels of the students studying in the department of sports management of the faculty of sport sciences. The study was conducted by the correlational survey method, one of the quantitative research designs. Population of the study consists of students studying in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades in the departments of sports management of the faculties of sport sciences from various state and private universities. The sample of the study conducted using the nonprobability sampling method consists of 718 sports management students (male = 452, female = 266). In the study, data were collected with the sports manager behavior scale and the internal-external locus of control scale. Data were analyzed by means of analysis of normality, t-test, one-way Anova test and multiple regression tests. The study found a significant difference between students' gender, grade levels, university type and sports manager behaviors. There was no significant effect of internal-external locus of control levels on sports manager behaviors. In conclusion, it was found that the students' sport manager behavior and internal-external locus of control levels were quite high, and female students have higher sports manager behavior levels compared to male students, and the higher the level of grade, the higher the levels of sports manager behavior.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship between the Organizational Cynicism Levels and Intent of Revenge of Sports Science Faculty Students Who Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sevim Güllü
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

The research aims to determine the level of relationship between the organizational cynicism and the tendency ofrevenge of sports science students. In this study, descriptive and relational screening technique was used as theresearch technique. The working group consists of 105 students (36 female, 69 male). The participants are studentwho study at Istanbul University Faculty of Sports Science in the academic year of 2017-2018. All of the studentshave been working at an organization/ a workplace for at least 6 months. As the data collection tool, two scales wereutilized with the personal information form prepared by the researchers. Organizational Cynicism Scale and RevengeScale were used. The percentage (%), frequency, skewness, kurtosis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation analysiswere used. As a result there is a positive relationship between the level of organizational cynicism and intention ofrevenge. It was revealed that gender and type of employment variables did not make a significant difference inorganizational cynicism and sub-dimensions and will for revenge. However, significant differences have beenidentified in favor of the participants with a low salary in the behavioral sub-dimension of organizational cynicism.On the other hand, the scores of organizational cynicism and will for revenge of the participants are moderate andeven low.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Understanding of E-Learning with Self-Directed Learning among Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Normala Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Kamil Ariff Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study is to identify the students’ understanding of e-learning and their readiness for self-directed learning. A total of 306 Diploma level students of a various program from three faculties at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Raub Campus have been surveyed. The data were obtained through questionnaires distributed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings show that the respondents’ level of understanding of the concept and their responsibility on e-learning is high while their readiness for self-directed learning is low. The correlation test results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the respondents’ level of understanding to e-learning and their willingness for self-directed learning but the correlation is weak. The findings also showed that the respondents’ level of education and study grade have a significant difference in their readiness for self-directed learning.

Determinants of Brand Recall in Social Networking Sites

2018 ◽  
pp. 454-476
Author(s):  
Kaan Varnali ◽  
Vehbi Gorgulu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Perceived Popularity ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brand Involvement ◽  
Brand Congruence ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to contribute to the understanding of how brand impressions in social networking sites influence brand recall. Further, the relationship between the built-in metrics offered by social networking sites and brand recall are also examined to assess the validity of these metrics as measures of advertising effectiveness. Results indicate a positive relationship between brand recall and self-brand congruence, tie-strength with, trust toward, and perceived popularity of the profile associated with the post, and clicking a link embedded in the post / ad in which the brand appears. On the other hand, there is not a significant difference between the levels of brand involvement, homophily with the profile associated with the post / ad, like-count, and four types of built-in user-interaction options including liking, sharing, posting a comment and tagging among the brands that were successfully retrieved from the memory and those were not.

The expressed emotion of case managers of the seriously mentally ill: the influence of expressed emotion on clinical outcomes

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERESA TATTAN ◽  
NICHOLAS TARRIER
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Case Manager ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Expressed emotion (EE) measured from relatives and informal carers has been consistently demonstrated to be associated with clinical outcome in schizophrenic patients. There have also been published studies that have investigated EE in professional carers that have suggested that the quality of the relationship between staff and patient may also be associated with patient outcomes. A large controlled trial of the effectiveness of different intensities of case management provided the opportunity to assess the association between the EE of case managers, including the quality of the relationship they had with patients under their care, and later clinical outcomes.Method. This was a prospective naturalistic study of EE present in a case manager–patient dyad and subsequent patient outcomes. EE was assessed from the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) at least 3 months after the case manager became responsible for the patient's care and a range of clinical outcomes were assessed 6 to 9 months later. Assessment of clinical outcomes was made independent and blind of the EE ratings.Results. High EE ratings were significantly associated with individual case managers and not to symptom or illness factors. High EE was not associated with later clinical outcome, however, the positive relationship between case manager and patient was. The absence of a positive relationship was significantly associated with poorer outcomes.Conclusions. In spite of very low face-to-face contact between case managers and patients, compared with the amount of contact patients have with their informal carers and family, aspects of staff attitudes and behaviour did influence clinical outcome. There are potential implications of these results for staff training and clinical practice.

scholarly journals The relationship between musical self-concept and musical creativity among secondary school music students

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Lucy Lugo Mawang ◽  
Edward M. Kigen ◽  
Samuel M. Mutweleli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Creativity Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
School Music ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between musical self-concept and musical creativity, and to determine the best predictors of musical creativity given the musical self-concept dimensions. Participants ( N = 201) were music students, drawn from 21 secondary schools in Kenya. Music Self-perception Inventory-Version 2 (MUSPI) was used to gather data on participants’ musical self-concept. Musical creativity was measured using the Consensual Musical Creativity Assessment Scale (CMCAS). Results indicated a positive relationship between musical self-concept and musical creativity ( r = .25, p < .01). All the musical self-concept dimensions, except singing and dancing showed positive associations with musical creativity. Further, a significant mean difference in musical creativity for positive and negative musical self-concept was observed. Multiple regression indicated that the best predictors of musical creativity were sense of rhythm and dancing self-concepts and the strongest predictor of musical creativity was sense of rhythm self-concept. A significant gender difference in musical creativity was observed, with males scoring higher than females. However, there was no significant difference in participants’ musical creativity based on age. The study recommends interventions and conducive environments for the development of positive musical self-concept.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Efficacy, Identity and Motivational Strategies and their Effects on L2 learners’ Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Karimi ◽  
Elham Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Teaching Efficacy ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between three teacher-related variables, namely, teaching efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use, with students’ L2 achievement. The study further intended to pinpoint gender differences in each of the aforementioned teacher-related variables. To this end, 120 (60 male and 60 female) EFL teachers took part in the study by completing Teacher Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 2001), Institutional Identity Scale developed by Azimi (2012), and Motivational Strategy Use Scale developed by Cheng and Dornyei (2007). Furthermore, the final class outcomes of the teachers’ students (n=2045) were collected. The participants were EFL learners and their teachers. The results of Pearson Correlations indicated that there existed significant and positive relationship between the three aforementioned teacher-related variables of EFL teachers and their students’ L2 achievement. The results revealed that EFL teachers’ efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use had a significant and positive relationship with their students’ L2 achievement. A Significant difference was found between the male and female EFL teachers. Also, Motivational strategy use was the strongest predictor of Iranian EFL students’ L2 achievement. Based on the findings of the study, a number of pedagogical implications could be recommended. The findings will provide rational support for proposing that EFL teachers should invest in improving their knowledge of teaching efficacy, institutional identity and motivational strategy use.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF VICTIMIZATION WITH EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION TO AVOID BAD LUCK

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
В.П. Шейнов
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Целью данного исследования была проверка гипотез о взаимосвязи виктимизации личности с ее внешним локусом контроля и мотивацией избегания неудач. Виктимизация - событие насилия или опыт переживания насилия, процесс и результат превращения индивида в жертву преступного посягательства. Необходимость изучения виктимизации объясняется ее широким распространением в обществе и многочисленными отрицательными последствиями для ее жертв. Степень виктимизации испытуемых оценивалась по авторской методике, локус контроля - по модифицированной шкале Дж. Роттера, мотивация достижения успеха или избегания неудач с помощью адаптированного опросника А. Мехрабиана. В исследовании принял участие 641 респондент - 362 женщины и 279 мужчин в возрасте от 17 до 77 лет - представители разных профессий, статусов и регионов проживания. Установлено, что для участников исследования общая и реализованная виктимизация, агрессивное и некритичное поведение положительно связаны с экстернальностью. У представителей женского пола при зависимом поведении есть также значимая положительная связь с экстернальностью. Общая виктимизация респондентов, агрессивное и зависимое поведение положительно коррелируют с мотивацией к избеганию неудач; с последней также положительно связана реализованная виктимизация у женщин и девушек. С возрастом у женщин снижается склонность к виктимизации за счет уменьшения агрессивной составляющей. Подтверждается положительная связь между экстернальностью и мотивацией избегания неудач. Полученные результаты развивают, дополняют и конкретизируют результаты соответствующих зарубежных исследований. Victimization is an event of violence or the experience of experiencing violence, the process and result of turning an individual into a victim of a criminal assault. The need to study victimization is explained by its wide distribution in society and the many negative consequences for its victims. The purpose of this study is to test hypotheses about the relationship in the Russian-speaking society of victimization with external locus control and the motivation for avoiding failure. The objectives of the study: 1) to identify possible relationships between the components of victimization and externalism and the motivation to avoid failure for men, women, boys and girls; 2) to discover the general and differences for these groups of individuals; 3) compare the results with the findings of foreign researchers. The degree of victimization of the subjects was assessed by the author’s method, the locus of control - using the modified Rotter scale, and the motivation to achieve success or avoid failure - by the adapted Mehrabian questionnaire. The study involved 641 subjects - 362 women and 279 men aged 17 to 77 years - representatives of different professions, statuses and regions of residence. Statistical analysis of the test results was carried out using the SPSS package - 20.00. It has been established that for men, women, boys and girls, general and implemented victimization, aggressive and uncritical behavior are positively associated with externality. Female with addictive behavior also has a significant positive relationship with externality. For men, women, boys and girls, general victimization, aggressive and dependent behavior positively correlate with motivation to avoid failure; the latter is also positively associated with implemented victimization in women and girls. With age in women, the tendency to victimization decreases due to a decrease in the aggressive component. There is a positive relationship between externality and the motivation to avoid failure. The results obtained develop, supplement and specify the results of relevant foreign studies.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Interaction and the Structure of Questions in Online Discussions Using Learning Analytics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Ayesha Sadaf ◽  
Larisa Olesova
Keyword(s):  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Question Prompts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhile research has established the importance of questions as a key strategy used to facilitate student interaction in online discussions, there is a need to explore how the structure of questions influence students’ interactions. Using learning analytics, we explored the relationship between student-student interaction and the structure of initial questions with and without the Practical Inquiry Model (PIM). Degree centrality was used as the method to analyse the number of responses each student sent (out-degree centrality) and the number of responses each student received (in-degree centrality). Findings showed that the number of responses each student sent and received was higher in the discussions initiated by the PIM-question prompts. In addition, analysis revealed a positive relationship between students’ interaction and the discussions structured with PIM and non-PIM questions. Finally, there was a significant difference in out-degree centrality but no significant difference in in-degree centrality between discussions structured with the PIM and non-PIM questions. We conclude that initial questions can be structured using PIM as a guiding framework to facilitate student-student interaction in online discussions.

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