Using Psycholinguistic Inquiry and Content Analysis to Investigate Emotions in Memories of Musical Experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492093960
Author(s):  
Olivia Swedberg Yinger ◽  
D. Gregory Springer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Musical Achievement ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories

Psycholinguistic inquiry can provide insight into the way the words people use reflect psychological states, including emotional states. There is limited research on the use of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to investigate the psycholinguistic properties of emotional memories related to music. The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which LIWC can be used in the analysis of autobiographical memories related to music. Participants were undergraduates ( N = 99) at two large universities in the southeastern United States. Each participant was asked to write about times in their lives when music or experiences with music made them feel positive or negative emotions. The researchers conducted a content analysis of participants’ responses and used LIWC software to quantify emotion words (positive and negative), pronouns, causal thinking words, and insight words. Participants used significantly more positive than negative emotion words to describe positive memories of music, but there was no significant difference between the rates of negative and positive emotion words to describe negative memories of music. The content analysis revealed a similar trend: 51% of participants described mixed, conflicting, or changing emotions when describing negative experiences, whereas descriptions of positive experiences tended to be highly positive. Many participants wrote about social experiences and musical achievement. Results of this study offer insights on how humans describe music-related autobiographical memories. LIWC appears to be a useful tool for method triangulation when performing qualitative analysis of emotions in autobiographical memories of musical experiences.

scholarly journals Amplification of health risk messages in leading Philippine newspapers

2007 ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Jedess Miladel Nuñez ◽  
Rotacio Gravoso
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Emotion Words

his study aimed to find out the coverage and amplification of health risk messages of leading Philippine newspapers: Philippine Daily Inquirer, The Philippine Star, and Manila Bulletin. Data were gathered through a content analysis of health risk articles published by those newspapers in 2005. Results revealed that the health risk articles published in 2005 by the three newspapers focused on bird flu, dengue fever, food poisoning and meningococcemia. However, the three newspapers did not give prominence to health risk articles. In terms of sources of information, most of the articles quoted experts and government officials but were prompted by public experiences. Most of the articles assigned blame or responsibility to organizations rather than individuals. The lexical content analysis using the Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) showed that negative emotion words, words linked to people’s ratings of anxiety, were present in health risk articles, indicating intensification of the health risk. For bird flu articles, most of the negative words were in the pre-peak and post-peak periods, while for dengue fever, in the peak period. For food poisoning and meningococcemia, most negative emotion words in the articles were published during the post-peak period.

scholarly journals Reminiscing and the Passage of Years: Investigating the Role of Affective Autobiographical Memories in Passage of Time Judgments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Kosak ◽  
Christof Kuhbandner
Keyword(s):  
Negative Events ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Contextual Change

Previous research has shown that judgments of the experienced velocity of recent years passing by vary depending on the number of autobiographical memories being activated in the moment of judging. While a body of evidence shows affect to have an impact on both prospective and retrospective judgments on the experience of time for short periods, the effect of valence of memories on the experience of the passage of long intervals has not been examined yet. Thus, we asked 282 people to retrieve five either emotionally positive or negative memories from the last 5years before judging the subjectively experienced passage of time of these years. However, positive and negative events differ in some ways beyond valence, e.g., the ascribed impact on the participants’ subsequent lives as well as the stability of ascribed affective intensity: The latter decreased over time for negative but not for positive memories while ascribed impact was markedly higher for positive memories. Results indicate no significant differences between the two conditions, even after controlling for the aforementioned differences. However, exploratory analyses show that participants rate time to have passed faster, the longer the activated memories dated back on average, a result that seems in line with contextual-change hypothesis.

How Posture Affects Memory Recall and Mood

Biofeedback ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Peper ◽  
I-Mei Lin ◽  
Richard Harvey ◽  
Jacob Perez
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Erect Position ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories

Body posture reflects emotional states, and this study investigates the effect of posture sitting in a slouched or upright position on recall of either negative (hopeless, helpless, powerless, or defeated) memories or positive (empowered or optimistic) memories. Two hundred and sixteen college students sat in either a slouched or an erect position while recalling negative memories and then in a second step, recalling positive memories. They then sat in the opposite body position while recalling negative and then positive memories. Eighty-six percent of the students reported that it was easier to recall/access negative memories in the collapsed position than in the erect position (p < .01), and 87% of the students reported that it was easier to recall/access positive images in the erect position than in the collapsed position (p < .01). Participants who reported being most depressed over the previous two years reported significantly more recall of negative memories in both the slouched position (p = .01) and erect position (p < .05). For those who were most depressed, there were no differences in recalling positive memories. We recommend that therapists teach clients posture awareness and to sit more upright in the office and at home as a strategy to increase positive affect and decrease depression.

Emotion Words Modulate Early Conflict Processing in a Flanker Task: Differentiating Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words in Second Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Timothy Teo ◽  
Chenggang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Conflict Processing ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emotion Label

Emotion words modulate conflict processing, even at an early stage (i.e., N200). However, the previous studies implicitly mixed emotion-label words and emotion-laden words together and mostly concentrated on first language (L1) rather than on second language (L2). The current study aimed to investigate whether L2 negative emotion-label words, negative emotion-laden words, and neutral words would affect conflict processing in a flanker task by using event-related potential (ERP) measurements. Twenty Chinese-English bilinguals completed a modified flanker task to decide the color of the target words. The results revealed that only L2 negative emotion-label words elicited larger left frontal N200 in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition. No significant difference between the two conditions was observed for L2 negative emotion-laden words or neutral words. This research demonstrated that L2 emotion words could also modulate early conflict processing, at least for L2 negative emotion-label words.

Role of emotion regulation processes in the organization of autobiographical memories in patients with anorexia

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
J.-L. Nandrino ◽  
K. Doba ◽  
L. Pezard ◽  
V. Dodin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Symbolic Sequences ◽  
Negative Memories

A deficit of emotional regulation is now classically described in the development and maintenance of eating disorders [4]. These difficulties in regulating emotional states are characterized by more limited access to emotion regulation strategies but also a predominant use of unsuitable ones such as avoidance, suppression and lack of flexibility (perseveration of emotional states) [1]. We assume that the use of these emotional strategies could lead to specific recall of autobiographical memories and so a specific construction of their life story and their identity. We showed in a first study [3], that the autobiographical memory of anorexic patients is characterized by an overgeneralization mechanism for both positive and negative memories. The use of such a cognitive avoidance strategy modifies the access to autobiographical emotional memories by retrieving positive or negative memories less specifically. Moreover, this impairment is reinforced by illness duration. In a second study [2], we studied the dynamics of emotions in anorexic patients’ autobiographical speech. The temporal pattern of emotional expression was studied in transforming the autobiographical narratives into symbolic sequences of positive, negative, and neutral emotional expressions. The computed dynamic indices showed in patients’ speech a cycle of negative emotions and silence. These results showed specific dynamics of emotional expression in persons with anorexia characterized by the presence of negative emotional perseveration. These changes in the processes of autobiographical memories organization support the hypothesis of changes in the construction of their identity. We present two methods for a psychotherapeutic work on the construction of autobiographical memory. A first one consists in programs stimulating the specific autobiographical memories by using olfactory or visual media, the other is focused on remediation methods seeking to modify the cognitive and emotional flexibility of these patients [5].

The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽  
Daniel W. Cox ◽  
A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽  
Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽  
Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110063
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Stark ◽  
Olivia H. Tousignant ◽  
Gary D. Fireman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Past Experiences

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students ( n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.

scholarly journals On the bright side: Young people’s most positive memories of family foster care

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452097869
Author(s):  
Anne Steenbakkers ◽  
Steffie van der Steen ◽  
Hans Grietens
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Normal Family ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Family Foster Care ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories

This study explored what contributes to successful family foster care from the perspective of young people by asking them about their most positive memory of family foster care. Forty-four Dutch adolescents and young adults (aged 16–28) participated in this study and shared their most positive memory in a short interview. Their answers were qualitatively analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, supplemented with an analysis of the structure of their memories. The thematic analysis resulted in the themes Belongingness, Receiving support, Normal family life, It is better than before, and Seeing yourself grow. The structural analysis showed that young people both shared memories related to specific events, as well as memories that portrayed how they felt for a prolonged period of time. In addition, young people were inclined to share negative memories alongside the positive memories. These results highlight that, in order to build a sense of belonging, it is important that of foster parents create a normal family environment for foster children and provide continuous support. Moreover, the negative memories shared by participants are discussed in light of a bias resulting from earlier traumatic experiences.

Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Corrin G. Richels ◽  
Rogge Jessica
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Analyze Data

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS. Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words. Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence. Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters

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