Validation of the Chinese Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale and its Application in Mainland China

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492094857
Author(s):  
Deng Jue ◽  
Ma Jianping ◽  
Ye Yiduo
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Preliminary Version

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale and its application in mainland China. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, the Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale contents were translated into Chinese and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 undergraduate students; on this basis, a preliminary version of the Chinese Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale was generated. Subsequently, the psychometric properties of the Chinese Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale were analyzed based on 443 questionnaires; a four-factor model was found to achieve the best fit to the collected data and the Chinese Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale showed excellent internal consistency. In Study 2, the Chinese Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale was used to investigate the experience of involuntary musical imagery in mainland China ( n = 426), where we explored the correlations among its factors and mental control, obsessive-compulsive traits, neuroticism, and openness; the results suggest that the frequency of involuntary musical imagery in Chinese individuals was lower than that of individuals in Western samples, and there were significant correlations between characteristics of involuntary musical imagery and various individual traits. Additionally, differences in involuntary musical imagery between students from urban areas and those from rural areas, as well as between only-child students and students with siblings, were found for the first time.

scholarly journals ALS Curriculum Implementation for Juvenile Delinquents in Urban and Rural Areas in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Vandon Borela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Alternative Learning ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to evaluate the implementation of Alternative Learning System (ALS) curriculum offered to juvenile delinquents in urban and rural areas in the Philippines. The study also aims to determine whether the current education programs meet the needs of the juvenile delinquents with reference to Juvenile delinquency acts. The study is an attempt to highlight the aspects of Alternative Learning System (ALS) that should be developed.  Approach/Methodology/Design: The study is qualitative and conducted in Marikina City and Rizal province, the Philippines. This study used exploratory study analysis. The respondents are the Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers. For data collection, three semi-structured interviews were employed and the respondents’ answers were categorized using analytical coding to compare and analyze the implementation of the ALS curriculum for juvenile delinquents. Findings: The interpretation and analysis of the data collected shows that the ALS teachers from both the rural and urban areas have the same experiences on the implementation of the ALS program for juvenile delinquents in terms of curriculum, instruction and assessment. Furthermore, the teachers gave an emphasis that once the juvenile delinquents undergo the program, they are given a new hope and new direction in life to pursue their dreams. Lastly, the teachers from both areas have the same suggestions for the improvement of the implementation of the program, such as additional funds for the development of quality learning materials, increasing the number of learning centers, and designing various forms of assessment.  Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of Alternative learning System. The significance of this study lies in the comparison of the alternative learning system curriculum and how it is implemented to the juvenile delinquents in urban and in rural areas. Originality/value: This study engages ALS teachers in assessing the ALS curriculum, reflecting actual experiences to meet the expectations and needs of the juvenile delinquents.

Research Trend of Eco-Security and Relevant Topics-Taiwan and Mainland China as Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 5089-5093
Author(s):  
Ching I Wu ◽  
Ping Yu Tsai ◽  
Yi Yen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Ecosystem Risk

The design of this study employed an approach of literature review. Data were collected primarily by means of the search for the key word ‘ eco-security’ on the Internet in order to analyze and classify the related studies. This study organized the works, relative to the type of landscape , published in Chinese and English online journals by researchers in Taiwan and Mainland China. This pilot study tried to broaden the ground of limited research on eco-security by searching for more related online information including ‘ecological security’, ‘ecosystem & security’, ‘ecosystem & risk assessment’ and ‘environmental monitor & early-warning’. Therefore, this study had two purposes. One was to understand the classification, number and trend of the related research on eco-security through literature review. The other was to analyze the content of the related research on eco-security. This involved understanding the theories, assessment approaches, assessment subjects, applied instruments and new possibilities of the future study in this field. Our data consisted of 233 studies published from 1988 to 2010. In terms of issues, data were divided into four parts: eco-security, landscape security patterns, ecosystem risk and environmental monitor &early-warning. In terms of subjects , data were differentiated into urban areas, rural areas, river basins and particular areas and un-designated ones. In terms of purposes, three types of data were distinguished: theories, applications and dynamics. Finally, semi-natural or artificial ecosystem becomes the focus and Data Mining Theory’s tools will be used generally for constructing the non-linear model of eco-security assessments

Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brídín E. Carroll ◽  
Frances Fahy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractLocalization is one process/outcome that is proffered as key to the ‘grand challenges’ that currently face the food system. Consumers are attributed much agency in this potential transformation, being encouraged from all levels of society to exert their consumer muscle by buying local food. However, due to the social construction of scale it cannot be said that ‘local food’ is a definite entity and consumers understand the term ‘local food’ differently depending on their geographic and social context. As such, the research upon which this paper is based aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of how consumers in the particular spatial and social contexts of urban and rural Ireland understood the concept of ‘local food’. A specific objective was to test the theory that these consumers may have fallen into the ‘local trap’ by unquestioningly associating food from a spatially proximate place with positive characteristics. A three-phase mixed methodology was undertaken with a sample of consumers dwelling in urban and rural areas in both Dublin and Galway, Ireland: 1000 householders were surveyed; 6 focus group discussions took place; and 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out. The results presented in this paper indicate that for most participants in this study, spatial proximity is the main parameter against which the ‘localness’ of food is measured. Also, it was found that participants held multiple meanings of local food and there was a degree of fluidity in their understandings of the term. The results from the case study regions highlight how participants’ understandings of local food changed depending on the food in question and its availability. However, the paper also indicates that as consumers move from one place to another, the meaning of local food becomes highly elastic. The meaning is stretched or contracted according to the perceived availability of food, greater or lesser connections to the local producer community and the relative geographic size of participants’ locations. Our analysis of findings from all three phases of this research revealed a difference in understandings of local food among participants resident in urban and rural areas: participants dwelling in rural areas were more likely than those in urban areas to define local food according to narrower spatial limits. The paper concludes with an overview of the practical and theoretical significance of these results in addressing the current dearth of research exploring the meaning of local food for consumers and suggests avenues for future research.

Interactive emergency communication involving persons in crisis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Nordby ◽  
Øyvind Nøhr
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Communication ◽  
Telephone Operators

We studied the dialogue between telephone operators at medical emergency communication centres in Norway and parents of children later diagnosed with sudden infant death syndrome. The aim was to understand how the parents experienced the communication with the telephone operators. The qualitative method involved semi-structured interviews. We interviewed six respondents from urban areas and five from rural areas. An important finding was that all the parents were satisfied with the resuscitation instructions they received. It was also perceived as important that the emergency operators expressed empathy and care. We believe that it is not merely the quality of the resuscitation attempts that the operators' efforts should be measured against. It is also important that the operators provide good explanations and express emotional support. Our findings indicate that this will be enormously appreciated, even if callers do not feel that they are capable of performing optimum resuscitation.

scholarly journals Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽  
Syed Aftab Rahim ◽  
Babar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

scholarly journals School financial management: Insights for decision making in public primary schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adebunmi Yetunde Aina ◽  
Keshni Bipath
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Continuous Training

To realise the ideal of quality inclusive education, proper financial management is vital. Existing literature indicates that the mismanagement of school funds is largely due to principals and the school governing bodies (SGB) in many schools not having good working relationships with stakeholders and lacking the necessary financial skills, more specifically in schools in townships and rural areas. The study we report on in this article investigated the financial management of public primary schools situated in urban areas by adopting a qualitative research approach and employing a multiple case study research design. Five schools participated and data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with the principal, school accountant and chairperson of the SGB of the selected schools. Findings revealed that, despite the fact that all South African schools are governed and controlled by the South African Schools Act, the financial management of fee-paying schools differs from no-fee schools situated in townships and rural areas. In many schools, the unavailability of the parent members of SGBs and their limited financial skills were barriers to effective financial decisions. Based on these findings, we recommend that the relevant stakeholders involved in school financial management obtain continuous training from the Department of Basic Education, in order to empower and support school governors to effectively carry out their financial functions.

scholarly journals Cell Phone Use and Happiness Among Chinese Older Adults: Does Rural/Urban Residence Status Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-109
Author(s):  
Xiangnan Chai ◽  
Hina Kalyal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Cell Phone Use

This study explores the relationship between cell phone use and self-reported happiness among older adults in Mainland China and whether rural/urban residence status moderates this relationship. The analysis is based on a sample of 6,952 respondents over the age of 60, from the 2010 wave of China Family Panel Studies. Findings show that using own cell phone is positively associated with self-reported happiness among Chinese older adults (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.283, p < .001). This relationship remains for respondents residing in rural areas ( OR = 1.616, p < .01) but not for their urban counterparts. Findings reflect on how the happiness of Chinese older adults has been affected by a growing shift in the traditional family values due to the unprecedented economic growth. Results also highlight the disparities between state support for older adults in rural and urban areas as well as the necessity to develop relevant policies to improve the subjective well-being of China’s rapidly growing population of older adults.

scholarly journals Designing the Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI) Based on Iranian Culture and Evaluation of Its Psychometric Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Ghomian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shaeiri ◽  
Hojjatollah Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Relationship Beliefs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
Married Students

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the revised Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI), with emphasis on Iranian culture. Method: The statistical sample consisted of 341 married students studying in Tehran universities in the academic year 2018-2019, who were selected by available sampling method. The New ROCI, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Relationship beliefs inventory (RBI) were the tools of the present study. Results: The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of the new ROCI were good. Also, there was a significant and negative correlation between all subscales and the total score of the new ROCI with all subscales and the total score of the DAS, and there was also a significant positive correlation between the subscales and the total score of the new ROCI with the subscales and the total score of OBQ, OCI-R, RBI, and DASS. Also, the two factor model explained 54.50% of the variance in the new ROCI. Furthermore, all of the confirmatory factor analysis indices of the new ROCI were better than the original ROCI. The results of test-retest correlation of the factor one and two of ROCI were 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. Also, the Cronbach's alpha of the factor one and two of ROCI were 0.60 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the new ROCI was different from the original ROCI, and the new ROCI had better indicators than the original ROCI.

scholarly journals Income, Migration and Social Adjustment of Tribal People in Tripura- A Case Study of ‘Tripuri’ Tribe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Das ◽  
Madhushree Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Good Schools ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between income, migration and social adjustment of the migrated tribal people with special reference to the ‘Tripuri’ tribe of Tripura, India, with the help of primary data collected from structured interviews using purposive sampling technique. The study reveals that the tribal people who migrated from their native places (rural areas) to urban areas, usually suburbs, have a better economic condition and a decent standard of living. Their livelihood patterns have changed after they have migrated to the urban areas. Here, their income levels have also increased along with expenditure. They live in small houses consuming less land, than they did in their native lands. Their standard of living is much below what they have expected before their decision to migrate. They find it difficult to adjust with the local people and the surroundings. The nature of the employment in urban areas is such that the doors of the organised sector do not open to them easily. They are always last to be hired and first to be fired, and they usually get ill-paid jobs and do not have opportunities for education and training. Their children do not get adequate facilities to enrol in the good schools as the cost of living in the urban areas are very high. They are struggling hard socially and culturally to adapt and adjust in the new milieu far from their lush green land. 

scholarly journals Model of Agents-Based Branchless Banking Services Development in Urban and Rural Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rini Rachmawati ◽  
Nur Muhammad Farda ◽  
Bowo Setiyono
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Measurement Of Coordinates

The banking sector has experienced a far leap related to Information Communication and Technology (ICT)-based services. Among them is e-banking that has been used by the community, especially in urban areas. Likewise, the use of ATMs can be used to provide banking services to the wider community, so that it can replace most of the functions of services in banks. However, in communities outside of urban areas such as rural communities there are still limitations in accessing e-banking and ATM services. Limited use of e-banking because this service must use internet media or smart phones to access. Meanwhile, the limited use of ATMs due to the availability of ATMs in rural areas is not as much as in urban areas, considering that rural areas are areas with low settlement densities. Today, banks in Indonesia have provided branchless banking by enabling agents. Branchless banking is found in urban, suburban and rural areas. In previous research, the existence of branchless banking in the form of agents and their utilization by customers has been identified. From previous studies, maps of agent and customer density and analysis related to the condition of regional accessibility have been produced. This research is a further study focusing on sub districts area with high agent density in both rural, suburban and urban areas. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development model of agent-based branchless banking services. Data was collected through primary data through observation, structured interviews and measurement of coordinates of the location of agents and banking services in the form of ATMs and Banks. The final result is expected to be used as a model for the development of branchless banking services in Indonesia. 

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