Pathogenic language in psychiatric practice and how to combat it

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622093334
Author(s):  
Sidney Bloch ◽  
Nick Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light

Objective: Psychiatrists are susceptible intermittently to use dehumanising terms in their clinical practice, which arguably harm patients and their families. Our goal is to shed light on this unwelcome phenomenon and to develop the means to combat it. Method: We have examined journal articles, books on the history of psychiatry, and educational material devised for psychiatric patients, for evidence of what we have called ‘pathogenic language’. We have also sought colleagues’ reflections on the subject. Results: We have identified several terms that are ostensibly pathogenic, tried to illuminate their intrinsic features and devised guidelines to stem their use. Conclusions: Psychiatrists have the potential to harm patients and their families by using pathogenic language when communicating with them. We conclude that meticulous attention to this risk, coupled with appropriate ethically based and educational strategies, can contribute to the eradication of pathogenic language and prevent its recurrence.

scholarly journals 120 Years of Untangling the Divaricate Habit: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kévin Maurin ◽  
Christopher Lusk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Divergence Dates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

The evolution of divaricate plants in New Zealand has been the subject of long-running debate among botanists and ecologists. Hypotheses about this remarkable case of convergent evolution have focused mainly on two different types of selective pressures: the Plio-Pleistocene advent of cool, dry climates, or browsing by now-extinct moa. Here, we review the scientific literature relating to the New Zealand divaricates, and present a list of 81 taxa whose architectures fall on the divaricate habit spectrum. We recommend a series of standardised terms to facilitate clear communication about these species. We identify potentially informative areas of research yet to be explored, such as the genetics underlying the establishment and control of this habit. We also review work about similar plants overseas, proposing a list of 47 such species as a first step towards more comprehensive inventories; these may motivate further studies of the ecology, morphology and evolutionary history of these overseas plants which could help shed light on the evolution of their New Zealand counterparts. Finally, we compile published divergence dates between divaricate species and their non-divaricate relatives, which suggest that the divaricate habit is fairly recent (< 10 My) in most cases.

scholarly journals Patent applications and neurotic concerns: further explorations in the Patent Office

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
David V. James ◽  
Paul L. Gilluley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Times

It is a commonplace of clinical practice that those with obsessional disorder, or with obsessional features to a psychotic illness, often develop concerns about cleanliness and contamination, some with a focus on everyday bodily processes. In a search of the Patent Office for psychotic ideas (James & Gilluley, 1997), it became apparent that patents reflecting concern about bodily functions were strongly represented in the patent collection. These stood out from patents concerning innovation in conventional medicine or medical appliances, and some of them had the flavour of the more bizarre ideas on the subject put forward by patients in our psychiatric practice. It was decided to explore the collection of the Patent Office further, with a view to surveying the range of such patents and examining their relation to the times in which they originated. The procedure used was the same as in our previous article.

scholarly journals Franz and the Algerian revolution(1954-1962)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Litim Aissa
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Historical School ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Shed Light

Despite the recurrent momentum of historical and intellectual studies and literature on the Algerian liberation revolution 1954-1962 as a founding event for the contemporary history of Algeria, especially the French writings, which drew a certain pattern of ideology that serves the purposes of the French colonial historical school in the first place, and perhaps the study in our hands is worthy to be a field It is a field for analysis, criticism, and comparison to go beyond the epic and ceremonial images that we find in the official readings of the topics in which politics intersect with historical legitimacy, and ideologies intersect with the civilizational principles of the Algerian revolution. And between this and that, the researcher finds himself when delving into the topics and issues related to the liberation revolution, including the subject of Frantz Fanon's contributions to this founding event of the contemporary Algerian state, in which numerous writings have attempted to present a coherent picture of this character of Martinique of origin, Algerian presence, and African influence and influence.The aim of this study is to shed light, analytically and critically, on the basic features of the contributions of this global intellectual stature to the issue of the ideological development of the Algerian revolution after 1958, and bypassing the trend of some historical and social studies that reach the point of denying the charters and reference texts of the Algerian revolution. Ahead of "the document of the first of November 1954, and the document of the Soumam conference 1956," and established a historical background according to which Fanon is a viewer of the Algerian revolution.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of formulation in counselling psychology: A systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Harriet Challoner ◽  
Fani Papayianni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Counselling Psychology

Despite the importance placed upon the concept and act of formulation across multiple therapeutic approaches, there is a lack of literature from within the profession of counselling psychology directly on the role, use and practice of formulation, with existing literature predominantly emanating from the related yet distinct therapeutic fields of counselling, psychotherapy, clinical psychology or psychiatry. This, in conjunction with the controversies and lack of consensus on the subject, as well as the demands of the professional and regulatory bodies, have led to this paper. Our aim is to shed light on the role that formulation plays within the profession under the lens of counselling psychology’s philosophical underpinnings. More specifically, this systematic review investigates whether formulation may be considered as fact or opinion; whether formulations across therapeutic approaches may be cohesive or divisive within counselling psychology practice; whether formulations should be undertaken inclusively with clients and other professionals or exclusively by the practitioner. Such exploration uncovers key areas of debate and potential considerations for the profession regarding how formulation is approached, utilised in clinical practice and, taught by training institutions.

scholarly journals A gunpowder controversy in the early Royal Society, 1667–70

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Haileigh Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
High Status ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light

In 1667, ‘The History of Saltpetre and Gunpowder’ by Thomas Henshaw was published in Thomas Sprat's The History of the Royal Society . Three years later, Henshaw's work was subject to a scathing review by the notorious anti-Royal Society pamphleteer, Henry Stubbe. I argue that, for Stubbe, Henshaw was not merely a passive representative of the Royal Society through which he could direct his ire, but gunpowder, the subject of Henshaw's research, was important. Both Henshaw and Stubbe employed gunpowder deliberately and strategically. In this article I explore the reasons behind the Royal Society deciding to publish a ‘Baconian history’ of gunpowder. First I argue that the high status of gunpowder was used as a justification for experimental pursuits, and it provided a direct connection to the Society's forebear Francis Bacon. But Stubbe, who was already a critic of the Royal Society, happened to have knowledge that made him uniquely placed to write animadversions against Henshaw's paper. Secondly, gunpowder can shed light on the Baconian histories and the challenges faced by Baconian scholars in putting this project into practice.

Gli psichiatri di Hitler. Un insight storico ed etico

2009 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Rael D. Strous
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Profession

- Many influential doctors including prominent psychiatrists played an important and pivotal role in the plans of the Nazi regime. This article examines their activities in helping to facilitate the two processes of sterilization and euthanasia and well as detailing the specific behavior and status of several of these members of the psychiatric profession. In addition, mention is made of the practice of the profession in Italy briefly describing the fate of some of the psychiatric patients, that of Jewish psychiatrists and those supporting the racist Nazi policies. Finally, reasons for why psychiatrists were so prominently involved are proposed as well as suggestion as to where they erred in ethical decision making. The importance of ethics teaching with a focus of history of the profession is advocated as well as a warning of the dangers of allowing political and economic pressures to affect clinical practice and judgment. Keywords: psychiatry, Nazi, Holocaust, euthanasia, sterilization, Italy.

Las libertades rotas en Ordesa de Manuel Vilas

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Natalia Szejko
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this article is to shed light on the subject of freedom and its search in the novel Ordesa by Manuel Vilas. The book is composed of micro scenes and stories which are complemented with photos, and the totality evokes the sensation of sadness and nostalgy. The author combines the memories of his childhood, the history of his family and the history of Spain. The narration in the novel also transmits the sensation of abandonment, desperation and depression. The article analyzes Ordesa from the perspective of the psychological catharsis in which the narration of the pain leads to relief, applying the theories of Aristoteles, M. Bernays, S. Freud and J. Brauer as well as psychotherapeutic use of catharsis.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in descent: Darwin and the Brownes

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Italian School ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
General Terms ◽  
History Of

Charles Darwin (1809–1882) enjoys an uneasy position in the history of psychiatry. In general terms, he showed a personal interest in the plight of the mentally ill and an astute empathy for psychiatric patients. On the other hand, he has generated derogatory views of insanity, especially through the writings of English social philosophers like Herbert Spencer and Samuel Butler, the Italian School of “criminal anthropology” and French alienists including Victor Magnan and Benedict Morel.

New Deal Politics and Regionalist Art: Thomas Hart Benton's A Social History of the State of Indiana

Prospects ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 353-378
Author(s):  
Erika Doss
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
American Artist ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The past two decades have seen a plethora of new information on American artist Thomas Hart Benton (1889–1975). Matthew Baigell pioneered Benton studies with his monograph on the artist in 1974, and Karal Ann Marling enhanced the subject with her survey of the artist's drawings in 1985. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City developed and traveled an extensive show of Benton's paintings in the late 1980s and produced an extensive biography by curator Henry Adams. The centennial of Benton's birth generated even more material: exhibits of his prints and drawings, volumes of essays on his art and character, and a considerable number of magazine and journal articles assessing his importance in 20thcentury American culture. Even Prospects has done its part for Bentonia with essays by Marling (1981) and Barbara Ladner (1990).

An Appraisal of the DSM-III System

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
History Of

DSM-III is a major document in the history of psychiatry. The DSM-III system is here seen as an instrument that promotes the scientific development of psychiatry and the clarity of cummunication among psychiatrists. However a major theme of this review is that reliability does not ensure validity. While making this point it is recognized that the major defects in the DSM-III system result from scientific inadequacies inherent in present day psychiatry. This review also may be taken as an amplification of the statement in DSM-III-R that it is not a textbook. In particular the data required to arrive at diagnoses in the DSM-III system do not provide sufficient information to arrive at a comprehensive biopsychosocial case formulation, a shortcoming that has relevance for teaching and clinical practice.

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