scholarly journals Unusual histopathologic features in thymic corpuscles associated with porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-603
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Pallarés ◽  
Serafín Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thymic Atrophy ◽  
Surrounding Parenchyma ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Six, 5–6-wk-old pigs, from 3 farms of the same company, with significant loss of body condition were submitted for postmortem evaluation. Macroscopically, the main lesion observed in all of the pigs was thymic atrophy. Microscopically, all of the pigs had thymic atrophy, superficial lymphocytic fundic gastritis, atrophic enteritis, superficial colitis, and neutrophilic and lymphocytic rhinitis, leading to a diagnosis of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome. In the pigs from 2 of the farms, many of the thymic corpuscles had infiltrates of neutrophils and degenerate cells, in some cases infiltrating the surrounding parenchyma.

Eimeria-parasites are associated with a lowered mother's and offspring's body condition in island and mainland populations of the bank vole

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HAKKARAINEN ◽  
E. HUHTA ◽  
E. KOSKELA ◽  
T. MAPPES ◽  
T. SOVERI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Vole Population ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Bank Voles

This study, based on correlative data, tests the hypothesis that infections withEimeriaspp. parasites exert a significant loss of fitness of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) reflected in lower reproductive success and survival, declining host population densities and are associated positively with population size. The study was conducted in 20 mainland and 27 island populations in central Finland during May–September in 1999. Faecal samples showed that 28% of 767 individuals were infected withEimeriaspp. The presence ofEimeriaparasites was higher in dense mainland populations than in sparsely populated islands. Eimerian infections increased during the course of the breeding season, probably as a result of the high infection rate of young individuals. Accordingly, the body masses of bank voles were negatively related to the presence ofEimeriaspp. Reproductive output, as measured by the breeding probability of females and litter size, was not associated with the presence of eimerian infection. Interestingly, the body condition of the infected mothers appeared to be low. Moreover, mother's body condition was the single most important variable studied that showed a positive correlation to pup's body condition at birth. On small islands ([les ]3·2 ha) that were comprehensively trapped, the mean number ofEimeriaspp. in the bank vole population was negatively related to density changes of the bank vole population during the study. Our data are consistent with the idea that infection with coccidian parasites may be one of the factors responsible for declining host populations in small, isolated populations.

scholarly journals Effects of Malaria on Activity Budgets of Experimentally Infected Juvenile Apapane (Himatione Sanguinea)

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Yorinks ◽  
Carter T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
And Control

Abstract We used behavioral, physiological, and parasitological measures to document effects of acute malarial infections on activity budgets of experimentally infected juvenile Apapane (Himatione sanguinea). Five of eight birds died within 20 to 32 days after exposure to a single infective mosquito bite. Infected Apapane devoted less time to locomotory activities involving flight, walking or hopping, and stationary activities such as singing, preening, feeding, and probing. The amount of time spent sitting was positively correlated with parasitemia and increased dramatically after infection and between treatment and control groups. Birds that succumbed to infection experienced a significant loss of body mass and subcutaneous fat, whereas surviving Apapane were better able to maintain body condition and fat levels. When rechallenged with the parasite five months after initial infection, surviving birds experienced no increase in parasitemia, indicating that they had become immune to reinfection. Regardless of the outcome, infected birds experienced acute illness that would have left them unable to forage or to escape from predators in the wild.

A New AID for Interpolating and Assessing Collision Strengths and Rate Coefficients

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
A. Burgess ◽  
H.E. Mason ◽  
J.A. Tully
Keyword(s):  
Significant Loss ◽  
Impact Excitation ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Electron Impact Excitation ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Allowed Transition ◽  
Computational Errors ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractA new way of critically assessing and compacting data for electron impact excitation of positive ions is proposed. This method allows one (i) to detect possible printing and computational errors in the published tables, (ii) to interpolate and extrapolate the existing data as a function of energy or temperature, and (iii) to simplify considerably the storage and transfer of data without significant loss of information. Theoretical or experimental collision strengths Ω(E) are scaled and then plotted as functions of the colliding electron energy, the entire range of which is conveniently mapped onto the interval (0,1). For a given transition the scaled Ω can be accurately represented - usually to within a fraction of a percent - by a 5 point least squares spline. Further details are given in (2). Similar techniques enable thermally averaged collision strengths upsilon (T) to be obtained at arbitrary temperatures in the interval 0 < T < ∞. Application of the method is possible by means of an interactive program with graphical display (2). To illustrate this practical procedure we use the program to treat Ω for the optically allowed transition 2s → 2p in ArXVI.

Effects of sterilization modes on the mechanical strengths of plaster of paris implants

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
K. Cowden ◽  
B. Giammara ◽  
T. Devine ◽  
J. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Radiation Sterilization ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate

Plaster of Paris (calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO4. ½ H2O) has been used as a biomedical implant material since 1892. One of the primary limiting factors of these implants is their mechanical properties. These materials have low compressive and tensile strengths when compared to normal bone. These are important limiting factors where large biomechanical forces exist. Previous work has suggested that sterilization techniques could affect the implant’s strength. A study of plaster of Paris implant mechanical and physical properties to find optimum sterilization techniques therefore, could lead to a significant increase in their application and promise for future use as hard tissue prosthetic materials.USG Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Types A, A-1 and B, were sterilized by dry heat and by gamma radiation. Types A and B were additionally sterilized with and without the setting agent potassium sulfate (K2SO4). The plaster mixtures were then moistened with a minimum amount of water and formed into disks (.339 in. diameter x .053 in. deep) in polyethylene molds with a microspatula. After drying, the disks were fractured with a Stokes Hardness Tester. The compressive strengths of the disks were obtained directly from the hardness tester. Values for the maximum tensile strengths σo were then calculated: where (P = applied compression, D = disk diameter, and t = disk thickness). Plaster disks (types A and B) that contained no setting agent showed a significant loss in strength with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization. Those that contained potassium sulfate (K2SO4) did not show a significant loss in strength with either sterilization technique. In all comparisons (with and without K2SO4 and with either dry heat or gamma radiation sterilization) the type B plaster had higher compressive and tensile strengths than that of the type A plaster. The type A-1 plaster however, which is specially modified for accelerated setting, was comparable to that of type B with K2SO4 in both compressive and tensile strength (Table 1).

Nutritional B12 Deficiency in Infants of Vitamin B12-Deficient Mothers

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Halicioglu ◽  
Sezin Asik Akman ◽  
Sumer Sutcuoglu ◽  
Berna Atabay ◽  
Meral Turker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Hematological Evaluation ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin

Aim: Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants may occur because the maternal diet contains inadequate animal products. Clinical presentations of the infants who had nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were analyzed in this study. Subjects and Methods: Patients with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2010. The diagnosis was based on a nutritional history of mothers and infants, clinical findings, hematological evaluation, and low level of serum vitamin B12. Results: Thirty children aged 1 - 21 months constituted the study group. Poverty was the main cause of inadequate consumption of animal products of the mothers. All infants had predominantly breastfed. The most common symptoms were developmental delay, paleness, apathy, lethargy, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Hematological findings were megaloblastic anemia (83.3 %), thrombocytopenia (30 %), and severe anemia (13.3 %). All of the mothers had low serum B12 levels; eight of them had megaloblastic anemia. Conclusion: The unusual clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency may also be seen apart from neurological and hematological findings. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency due to maternal deficiency might be a serious health problem in infants. Therefore, screening and supplementation of pregnant and lactating women to prevent infantile vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered.

Bidirectional Associations Between Self-Perceptions of Aging and Processing Speed Across 3 Years

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Seidler ◽  
Julia K. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Bidirectional Associations

Abstract. Background: Previous studies point to a potential relationship between self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and cognitive performance. However, most of these studies are limited by their experimental design. Previous longitudinal studies looked solely at memory as an outcome variable without examining the directionality of effects. The present study examines the direction of effects between two domains of SPA (personal growth and physical losses) and processing speed (PS). Methods: The sample consists of 8,198 participants of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), aged between 40 and 93 years. A cross-lagged path model was estimated to examine directions of relationships across 3 years via chi-squared difference tests for each domain of SPA. Results: In the unconstrained models, the effect of SPA domain personal growth in 2008 on PS in 2011 and vice versa were marginally significant. For SPA domain physical losses, the effect of SPA on PS was significant, whereas the other direction of the effect did not reach significance. However, the cross-lagged paths of both domains of SPA on PS and vice versa could be set equal without a significant loss of model fit. The resulting associations indicate a significant bidirectional relationship between both domains of SPA and PS. Discussion and conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that SPA can influence trajectories of cognitive decline and vice versa. The results emphasize the detrimental and beneficial effects that stereotypes can have on individuals and add further evidence to the theory of stereotype embodiment.

Failure to Thrive or Thriving in Failure?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bischoff
Keyword(s):  
Failure To Thrive
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