scholarly journals Red blood cell osmotic fragility in healthy loggerhead and green sea turtles

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-911
Author(s):  
Rebecca Radisic ◽  
Sean D. Owens ◽  
Charles A. Manire ◽  
Nicole Montgomery ◽  
Doug Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rehabilitation Facilities

Loggerhead ( Caretta caretta; Cc) and green sea ( Chelonia mydas; Cm) turtles admitted to rehabilitation facilities may require blood transfusions for supportive treatment of disorders resulting in life-threatening anemia, but, considering the unique erythrocyte chemistry of sea turtles, standardized donor red blood cell (RBC) storage protocols have not been established. Prolonged cold storage and the effects of various anticoagulant-preservative solutions have been associated with increased RBC osmotic fragility across a broad range of species. Increased RBC fragility in stored RBC products has been associated with acute transfusion reactions. The osmotic fragility test is used to measure erythrocyte resistance to hemolysis while being exposed to a series of dilutions of a saline solution. We obtained baseline measurements for osmotic fragility in healthy Cc and Cm. Osmotic fragility testing was performed on samples from 10 Cc to 10 Cm. Fifty percent (50%) RBC hemolysis was identified at a mean NaCl concentration of 0.38% in both species. Results of our study will help guide future studies evaluating optimal storage solutions for sea turtle blood products.

Predation on green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, hatchlings by invasive rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gronwald ◽  
Quentin Genet ◽  
Margaux Touron
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Green Sea Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Invasive Rats

We used camera traps to identify invasive Rattus rattus as predators at a green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, nest in French Polynesia. The footage shows that the hatchlings are a familiar food source for rats and that the control of invasive rats has to be considered for the protection of endangered green sea turtles.

scholarly journals Population dynamic between vulnerable coastal jaguars (Panthera onca) and endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Butera ◽  
Jaime Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
Nest Depredation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nest Predators

New-born sea turtles face a number of predators between the time the mothers lay eggs on the beach to when the hatchlings grow into larger juveniles. Nest depredation impacts reproductive success of nesting sea turtles, reducing the number of new turtles that make it to the sea. On Tortuguero beach nest predators include; dogs, coati, and raccoons. Nest depredation within Tortuguero National Park (TNP) has decreased dramatically since 1979. This decrease in nest depredation is linked to the increased jaguar population within TNP as the aforementioned species are considered the jaguars natural prey. Although jaguars prey on nesting turtles, they also control the populations of nest predators. Even more, jaguars have been demonstrated to change their behaviour to suit their preference in prey species therefore the nest predator distribution in TNP was examined to investigate whether changes in jaguar prey preference had an effect. Nest predation and the number of adult turtles lost to jaguar depredation were examined to determine the significance of the threat jaguars pose to the sea turtle population. This study investigates the predator prey relationship between jaguars, nest predators, and nesting female sea turtles; aiming to assessing the impact that jaguars have on the turtle's population.

scholarly journals Climate change and green sea turtle sex ratio – Preventing possible extinction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Blechschmidt ◽  
Meike J. Wittmann ◽  
Chantal Blüml
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nest Depth

AbstractClimate change poses a threat to species with temperature-dependent sex determination. A recent study on green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) at the northern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) showed a highly female-skewed sex ratio with almost all juvenile turtles being female. This shortage of males might eventually cause population extinction, unless rapid evolutionary rescue, migration or conservation efforts ensure a sufficient number of males. We built a stochastic individual-based model inspired by C. mydas, but potentially transferrable to other species with TSD. Nest depth, level of shade, and pivotal temperature were evolvable traits. Additionally, we considered the effect of crossbreeding between the northern and southern GBR, nest-site philopatry, and conservation efforts. Among the evolvable traits, nest depth was the most likely to rescue the population in the face of climate change, but even here the more extreme climate-change scenario led to extinction. Surprisingly, nest-site philopatry elevated extinction rates. Conservation efforts to artificially increase nest depth promoted population survival and did not preclude trait evolution. Although extra information is needed to make reliable predictions for the fate of green sea turtles, our results illustrate how evolution can shape the fate of long lived, vulnerable species in the face of climate change.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Propylene Glycol in Free-Ranging Green Sea Turtle Plasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Niemuth ◽  
Craig A. Harms ◽  
Jeffrey M. Macdonald ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Metabolomics is the study of metabolites, the small-molecular-weight end products of metabolism. Propylene glycol is a synthetic diol commonly used as antifreeze, as a humectant, and in the production of polyester compounds. In otherwise healthy animals, propylene glycol has generally been considered a contaminant, iatrogenic, or unexplained. We demonstrate the presence of propylene glycol in plasma of free-ranging apparently healthy green sea turtles Chelonia mydas and individuals impacted by cold stun syndrome, without iatrogenic administration or known sample processing contamination, using one- and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. There was not a statistically significant difference in relative propylene glycol concentration between the two cohorts (two-sided random sampling two-sample permutation test, P = 0.842, R = 1,000). The presence of this metabolite raises important questions about sea turtle physiology and potential latent environmental contamination and serves as a starting point for future characterization of lipid metabolism and glycolysis in green sea turtles.

scholarly journals Association of ocean macroplastic debris with stranded sea turtles in the Central Gulf of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindarha Prampramote ◽  
Worakan Boonhoh ◽  
Sutsiree Intongead ◽  
Watchara Sakornwimol ◽  
Pimchanok Prachamkhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of macroplastic debris (> 5 mm in size) on marine life is a global concern but is rarely investigated in Thailand. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between stranded sea turtles and macroplastics found in the Central Gulf of Thailand. The turtle (n = 388) stranding record between 2017-2020 was analysed retrospectively to determine their size, species, and interaction with macroplastics. Thereafter, between 2019-2020, macroplastics were collected, from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of dead turtles and from the beaches where stranded turtles were found. A stereomicroscope was used to visually categorise the macroplastics, and the plastic composition was analysed using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were found to account for the majority of stranded turtles (74%, n = 251), and macroplastics were discovered in 74% of cases of entanglement and ingestion. At the juvenile stage, the stranded turtle was strongly related to macroplastics. Immature turtles were more likely to become entangled than adult turtles. Entangled turtles had a greater survival rate than turtles that had consumed plastic. The plastic fibres were the majority of macroplastics found in the GI tracts (62%, n = 152/244) and on the beach (64%, n = 74/115). Most fibres from GI tracts (83%, n = 126/152) and the beaches (93%, n = 68/74) were identified as the fishing net comprised of polyethylene or polypropylene. We concluded that fishing nets made of polyethylene or polypropylene might be one of the significant causes of sea turtle stranding in the Central Gulf of Thailand, and this issue requires immediate resolution.

Monitoring green sea turtles in Brazilian feeding areas: relating body condition index to fibropapillomatosis prevalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1879-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Rossi ◽  
Angélica María Sánchez-Sarmiento ◽  
Robson Guimarães dos Santos ◽  
Roberta Ramblas Zamana ◽  
Fabiola Eloisa Setim Prioste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Green Turtles

AbstractFibropapillomatosis (FP) can be an important conservation threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) due to its widespread distribution and complex aetiology. Thus, understanding the impacts of FP in sea turtle populations is a research priority towards conservation efforts. The body condition index (BCI), based on straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass (BM), is an accurate indicator of body-nutritional condition that can be used in routine green turtle health evaluations. This study aimed to compare BCI in FP-free (N = 369) and FP-affected (N = 518) green turtles from Brazilian feeding areas. Body condition indices were evaluated in terms of the South-west Atlantic Fibropapillomatosis Score – FPSSWA (mild, moderate and severe), study sites (five Brazilian states), origin (intentional capture, fishery, stranding and afloat) and sex (when known). Curved and straight carapace lengths, and body mass were recorded in order to calculate BCI. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in BCI among green turtles from different study areas (P = 0.02), and lower BCI values in FP-free than in FP-positive individuals (P < 0.0001). With regards to origin, the highest BCI was found in the intentional capture group (N = 245; 1.47 ± 0.16), followed by fishery (N = 180; 1.46 ± 0.20). Analysis according to sex revealed a higher mean BCI among females than males (P < 0.017). This study provides relevant data on the health and nutritional status of green turtles along the Brazilian coast, in important feeding areas for this species.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ecobiology of Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) and its Threatening factors in Citirem and Hujungan Coasts, Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve, Sukabumi, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Afif ◽  
Fredinan Yulianda
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Turtle Conservation ◽  
Wildlife Reserve ◽  
Species Category

Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is threatened species, included in the IUCN list with the endangered species category, and included in Appendix I in CITES which means that they are prohibited from being traded internationally. Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve located in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, is one of the conservation places where green sea turtles oftentimes lay their eggs. The objective of this study was providing useful baseline data of green sea turtle ecobiology and examine further factors that threaten their population. Serial observations were conducted annually since 2014 until 2018 by measuring the physical condition of coast and the morphological condition of green sea turtles. Results obtained from observations in each year showed the differences in total turtle nesting on both coast. In 2014, the nesting turtle ratio either in Citirem - Hujungan obtained as much as 15:1(111.5±1.64: 117 CCL / 97±0.36: 101CCW), while in 2018 is 4:0 (103.75±2.32:- CL / 93.75±3.92:- CCW). Citirem coast is overgrown with many kinds of beach crops such as Pandanaceae, while at Hujungan coast, this plant does not grow widely. The threatened factors of green sea turtle occurring in Cikepuh Wildlife Reserve is mostly anthropogenic activities and predation. This needs to be an important highlight that turtle conservation needs to be carried out by integrated stakeholders that to form good management.

scholarly journals JUMLAH TEMPAT PENELURAN PENYU HIJAU (Chelonia mydas) BERDASARKAN VEGETASI PANTAI DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM (TWA) TANJUNG BELIMBING KECAMATAN PALOH KABUPATEN SAMBAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wawan Kurniawan ◽  
Erianto Erianto ◽  
Iswan Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Green Sea Turtle ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Turtle Population

The decline in the population of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) occurs continuously due to the destruction of the nesting beach habitat, therefore efforts are needed to increase the green sea turtle population by rearranging nesting sites. One thing that is considered important from the green sea turtle nesting habitat is the coastal vegetation. This research was conducted in Tanjung Belimbing Nature Tourism Park, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. This study aims to obtain information on vegetation conditions that are preferred by green sea turtles to lay eggs through the number of nesting sites approach. The method used is a survey method. Data collection was carried out by direct observation in the field. In this study, 12 nesting sites were found spread over four observation sites, with the highest number of nesting site found at observation location 1 as many as 8 nesting sites. At observation location 1, besides cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia) and pandan laut (Pandanus tectorius) also found waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and api-api (Avicennia sp) as well as shrub plants such as kamboja laut (Scaevola taccada), serunai laut (Melanthera biflora) ) and herbal plants such as tapak kuda (Ipomoea pes-caprae), alaban tanah (Vitex rotundifolia), rumput tembaga (Ischaemum muticum), bayam berduri (Amaranthus sp) and bakung laut (Crynum asiaticum L).Keywords: Nesting Sites, Vegetation, Green sea turtle, Tanjung Belimbing Nature Tourism Park

scholarly journals Population dynamic between vulnerable coastal jaguars (Panthera onca) and endangered green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Butera ◽  
Jaime Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Green Sea Turtles ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
Nest Depredation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nest Predators

New-born sea turtles face a number of predators between the time the mothers lay eggs on the beach to when the hatchlings grow into larger juveniles. Nest depredation impacts reproductive success of nesting sea turtles, reducing the number of new turtles that make it to the sea. On Tortuguero beach nest predators include; dogs, coati, and raccoons. Nest depredation within Tortuguero National Park (TNP) has decreased dramatically since 1979. This decrease in nest depredation is linked to the increased jaguar population within TNP as the aforementioned species are considered the jaguars natural prey. Although jaguars prey on nesting turtles, they also control the populations of nest predators. Even more, jaguars have been demonstrated to change their behaviour to suit their preference in prey species therefore the nest predator distribution in TNP was examined to investigate whether changes in jaguar prey preference had an effect. Nest predation and the number of adult turtles lost to jaguar depredation were examined to determine the significance of the threat jaguars pose to the sea turtle population. This study investigates the predator prey relationship between jaguars, nest predators, and nesting female sea turtles; aiming to assessing the impact that jaguars have on the turtle's population.

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