scholarly journals Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in a Group of Related Cats

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Paige Carmichael ◽  
Elizabeth W. Howerth ◽  
John E. Oliver ◽  
Kurt Klappenbach
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
Positive Core

A syndrome resembling previously described feline hereditary neuroaxonal dystrophy (FHND) was diagnosed in a litter of cats. The disorder was characterized by a sudden onset of hind limb ataxia that slowly progressed to hind limb paresis and paralysis. The cats were between 6 and 9 months old when clinical signs were first noted. Histologically, there was marked ballooning of axonal processes, with spheroid formation and vacuolation in specific regions of the brain and spinal cord. Some dystrophic axons contained a central periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive core. Neuronal loss and gliosis were seen in certain brain stem nuclei, spinal cord nuclei, and the cerebellum. Ultrastructurally, there was hypomyelination and dysmyelination of affected axons. The PAS-positive core in dystrophic axons corresponded ultrastructurally with accumulations of electrondense, flocculent, amorphous material. In addition, these axons contained membrane-bound osmiophilic bodies and large nonmembrane-bound vacuoles. The syndrome in this report differs from the previously described FHND in that no inner ear involvement was seen and onset of clinical signs occurred at a later age. In addition, although some of the affected cats did have diluted coat colors, abnormal coat color was not always associated with clinical disease. This disease is similar to juvenile neuroaxonal dystrophy in children and to neuroaxonal dystrophies described in horses, dogs, cattle, and sheep.

Globoid Cell Leucodystrophy in Polled Dorset Sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Pritchard ◽  
D. V. Napthine ◽  
A. J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Globoid Cell Leucodystrophy ◽  
Globoid Cell ◽  
Globoid Cells

Globoid cell leucodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) was diagnosed in two Polled Dorset sheep from a stud farm. Clinical signs were hind limb incoordination progressing to tetraplegia. Histologic changes in white matter of the brain were myelin destruction, loss of oligodendroglia, astrogliosis and accumulation of distinctive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globoid cells. The activities of galactocerebroside β-galactosidase, the lysosomal enzyme specifically deficient in globoid leucodystrophy, and of three other glycosidase enzymes were compared in brain tissue of one affected and six unaffected sheep. Activities of the three nonspecific glycosidases were similar in all seven brains. Galactocerebrosidase activity was similar in the six control sheep, but in the affected brain was less than 6% of the control mean.

scholarly journals Histological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Vascular Alterations in Meninges of Cats Infected with Gurltia paralysans

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Svenja Hartung ◽  
Angelika Weyrich ◽  
Manuel Moroni ◽  
Marcelo Gómez ◽  
Christiane Herden
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
South America ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples

Gurltia paralysans, a metastrongyloid nematode, parasitizes in meningeal vessels in the thoracolumbar spinal cord of cats in South America and causes progressive paraparesis. Recently, the first report outside of South America described gurltiosis in a cat in Spain. As this parasitic disease has so far been largely neglected, especially outside of South America, the aim of the present case study was to add knowledge to the histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of central nervous lesions. To this purpose, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the spinal cord and brain of five cats affected by clinical signs caused by Gurltia paralysans and of three control cats without CNS lesions were histopathologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE), Elastica van Gieson stain, as well as periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) reaction. Moreover, immuno- histochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin and Factor VIII-related antigen were performed to characterize vascular lesions. Lesions were consistent with previous descriptions and were mainly located in the spinal cord and consisted of chronic suppurative or lymphoplasmahistiocytic meningi tis as well as suppurative vasculitis, congestion and varicosis of meningeal veins. In view of the recent detection of this parasite in Europe and the increasing inner-European transport of rescued domestic cats, veterinarians in Europe should be aware of the clinical and pathomorphological presentation of this disease.

Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Keratin in Canine Neuroepithelioma

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Baumgärtner ◽  
P. V. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary

Morphological features and immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (CK), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) of three canine neuroepitheliomas and three canine ependymomas were investigated. Neuroepitheliomas were in three German shepherds as intradural-extramedullary solitary masses, with spinal cord displacement between T10 and L2. Histologically, they contained tubules and acini, lined by epithelial cells with focal squamous metaplasia, rosette-like structures, and polygonal to spindle-shaped cells between tubules. Acini were empty or filled with a homogeneous, eosinophilic periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material. Mitotic indices varied from low to moderate. Ependymomas occurred in the third (two cases) and fourth ventricle in adult boxers. Histologically, they were composed of cells with an ill-defined, scant amphophilic cytoplasm, with a central round euchromatic nucleus; cells formed pseudorosettes, with a central fibro-vascular stroma. Neuroepitheliomas stained for CK, but ependymomas did not. Both failed to stain for GFAP, NSE, or phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH). Thus, antibodies to cytokeratin are useful to distinguish neuroepitheliomas from ependymomas.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Lung Lesions in Aging Laboratory Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Cooper ◽  
J. W. Griffith ◽  
Z. C. Chroneos ◽  
J. M. Izer ◽  
L. B. Willing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Heterotopic Bone ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Age Related

Spontaneous age-related lesions of laboratory rabbits are not well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. A retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies of 36 rabbits >2 years of age found a number of common lung lesions. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia affected medium and to a lesser extent large pulmonary arteries and was present to a variable extent in all 36 rabbits >2 years of age. The lesions were characterized by fragmentation and/or reduplication of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), proliferation of smoothelin+/alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+/vimentin− smooth muscle cells and fewer smoothelin−/α-SMA+/vimentin+ myofibroblasts, and intimal deposition of collagen without thrombosis, embolism, or evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary emphysema, present in 30/36 rabbits, was characterized by the loss of alveolar septa; most affected rabbits did not have clinical signs of respiratory disease. In 8/13 rabbits of the inbred EIII/JC audiogenic strain, we identified a unique syndrome of granulomatous pneumonia containing hyaline brown to gray, globular to ring-like acellular material that was Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. The material was immunoreactive for surfactant protein-A and had the ultrastructural appearance of multilamellar vesicles, suggesting a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism. Additionally, we found small benign primary lung tumors (fibropapillomas, 5 rabbits) not previously described. Other findings included heterotopic bone (5 rabbits), subacute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyogranulomatous pneumonia with plant material, and pulmonary artifacts from barbiturate euthanasia solution.

Globoid Cell-like Leukodystrophy in a Domestic Longhaired Cat

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sigurdson ◽  
R. J. Basaraba ◽  
E. M. Mazzaferro ◽  
D. H. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Mental Regression ◽  
Globoid Cell ◽  
Globoid Cells

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD; Krabbe disease), is a rare heritable metabolic disorder in humans, dogs, mutant twitcher mice, and rhesus monkeys that is caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). GALC deficiency results in the accumulation of psychosine, which is toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Clinical signs include hypotonia, mental regression, and death by 2 years of age in most human patients. Here we describe a domestic longhaired kitten with rapidly progressive neurologic disease and brain and spinal cord lesions characteristic of GLD. Pathologic hallmarks of the disease reflect the loss of oligodendrocytes and include myelin loss, gliosis, and the perivascular accumulation of large mononuclear cells with fine cytoplasmic vacuoles (globoid cells) in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Globoid cells were CD68 and ferritin positive, confirming their monocytic origin, and cytoplasmic contents were nonmetachromatic and periodic acid-Schiff positive.

scholarly journals Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Florida Is Associated With Disruption of Host–Zooxanthellae Physiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Landsberg ◽  
Yasunari Kiryu ◽  
Esther C. Peters ◽  
Patrick W. Wilson ◽  
Noretta Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Crystalline Inclusion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Stony Coral

Samples from eight species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Dendrogyra cylindrus, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Meandrina meandrites, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella faveolata, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) that exhibited gross clinical signs of acute, subacute, or chronic tissue loss attributed to stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) were collected from the Florida Reef Tract during 2016–2018 and examined histopathologically. The hallmark microscopic lesion seen in all eight species was focal to multifocal lytic necrosis (LN) originating in the gastrodermis of the basal body wall (BBW) and extending to the calicodermis, with more advanced lesions involving the surface body wall. This was accompanied by other degenerative changes in host cells such as mucocyte hypertrophy, degradation and fragmentation of gastrodermal architecture, and disintegration of the mesoglea. Zooxanthellae manifested various changes including necrosis (cytoplasmic hypereosinophilia, pyknosis); peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation; cytoplasmic vacuolation accompanied by deformation, swelling, or atrophy; swollen accumulation bodies; prominent pyrenoids; and degraded chloroplasts. Polyhedral intracytoplasmic eosinophilic periodic acid–Schiff-positive crystalline inclusion bodies (∼1–10 μm in length) were seen only in M. cavernosa and P. strigosa BBW gastrodermis in or adjacent to active lesions and some unaffected areas (without surface lesions) of diseased colonies. Coccoidlike or coccobacilloidlike structures (Gram-neutral) reminiscent of microorganisms were occasionally associated with LN lesions or seen in apparently healthy tissue of diseased colonies along with various parasites and other bacteria all considered likely secondary colonizers. Of the 82 samples showing gross lesions of SCTLD, 71 (87%) were confirmed histologically to have LN. Collectively, pathology indicates that SCTLD is the result of a disruption of host–symbiont physiology with lesions originating in the BBW leading to detachment and sloughing of tissues from the skeleton. Future investigations could focus on identifying the cause and pathogenesis of this process.

Spontaneous Incidental Brain Lesions in C57BL/6J Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
James C. Tarrant ◽  
Patrick Savickas ◽  
Lorna Omodho ◽  
Marco Spinazzi ◽  
Enrico Radaelli
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Disorders

Genetically engineered mouse lines on a C57BL/6J background are widely employed as preclinical models to study neurodegenerative human disorders and brain tumors. However, because of the lack of comprehensive data on the spontaneous background neuropathology of the C57BL/6J strain, discriminating between naturally occurring changes and lesions caused by experimental mutations can be challenging. In this context, this study aims at defining the spectrum and frequency of spontaneous brain changes in a large cohort of C57BL/6J mice and their association with specific biological variables, including age and sex. Brains from 203 experimentally naive and clinically unremarkable C57BL/6J mice were collected and analyzed by means of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Mice ranged in age from 3 to 110 weeks with 89 females, 111 males, and 3 unknowns. Sixteen different spontaneous lesion categories were described in this cohort. Age-related neurodegenerative and/or neuroinflammatory findings represented the most common pathologic changes and included (1) Hirano-like inclusions in the thalamic neurons, (2) neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla oblongata, (3) periodic acid–Schiff–positive granular deposits in the neuropil of the hippocampus, and (4) progressive neuroinflammation characterized by microgliosis and astrogliosis. Neoplastic conditions, developmental abnormalities, and circulatory disorders were rarely observed incidental findings. In conclusion, this study describes spontaneous age-related brain lesions of the C57BL/6J mouse and provides a reference for evaluating and interpreting the neuropathological phenotype in genetically engineered mouse models developed and maintained on this congenic background.

Submucosal Lifting Agent ORISE Gel Remnants Histopathologically Mimic Mucin and Malignancy: A Case Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S73-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Cypher ◽  
Shaoli Sun ◽  
Erin Forster ◽  
Brenda Hoffman ◽  
David Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Abstract Introduction There were an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases in 2018, with colon cancer being the third most common worldwide. Colon cancer development is an accumulation of mutations resulting in normal epithelial cells transforming into adenomas and then adenocarcinomas. In certain scenarios, endoscopic interventions have gained considerable momentum over invasive surgery as an alternative to manage early gastrointestinal lesions. New techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection allow for removal of large, flat sessile polyps. Successful EMR is dependent on expanding the submucosal space to create adequate lift of the polyp to facilitate tissue capture and to avoid perforation and excess bleeding. ORISE gel (Boston Scientific) is a submucosal lifting agent currently in use in the United States. Methods We present three cases of gastrointestinal specimens obtained using ORISE gel. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin revealed submucosal amorphous deposits that appeared to be mucin. Due to the concern for malignancy, additional stains were performed, including periodic acid–Schiff with diastase digestion (DPAS) to identify mucin. DPAS staining for mucin was negative, indicating the mucinous-appearing amorphous material seen on hematoxylin and eosin staining was not mucin but a likely remnant ORISE gel used during EMR. Additional immunohistochemical stains for epithelial cells (cytokeratin AE1/AE3) were also performed to exclude the presence of infiltrating tumor cells. Conclusion These three cautionary cases reveal the importance of good communication between endoscopists and pathology. In an effort to avoid overdiagnosis and/or the usage of unnecessary additional stains, pathologists should be alerted of ORISE gel usage.

scholarly journals Granulomatous colitis: more than a canine disease? A case of Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous colitis in an adult cat

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691773116
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Oliveira Leal ◽  
Kenny Simpson ◽  
Mélanie Fine ◽  
Jean-Charles Husson ◽  
Juan Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Granulomatous Colitis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adult Cat

Case summary This report describes a 4-year-old cat with chronic intermittent haematochezia and faecal incontinence of 7 months’ duration. Investigation revealed severe colonic multifocal mucosal ulcerations and infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by large numbers of periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of colonic biopsies revealed multifocal clusters of intracellular Escherichia coli. Treatment with fluoroquinolones for 6 weeks led to a complete resolution of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information The findings reveal that mucosally invasive E coli can also be associated with granulomatous colitis in cats and indicate the need for diagnostic testing of mucosal samples for E coli and other infectious agents.

scholarly journals Gastric B-Cell Lymphoma with Mott Cell Differentiation in a Dog

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrita De Zan ◽  
Valentina Zappulli ◽  
Laura Cavicchioli ◽  
Linda Di Martino ◽  
Eriberta Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes

A gastric lymphoid tumor with involvement of regional lymph nodes and spleen was diagnosed in an 8-year-old crossbreed male dog with a 6-month history of gastrointestinal disease. Despite surgical excision and palliative therapy (prednisolone and cimetidine), the dog was euthanized due to worsening of clinical signs. At necropsy, multiple white, solid, nodular, infiltrative masses were observed in the stomach, duodenum, spleen, liver, and lungs in association with generalized lymph node enlargement. Cytology, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed that the neoplastic cell population was composed of B lymphocytes that contained variable amounts of round periodic acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasmic globules consistent with Russell bodies. The tumor most likely represented a variant of B-cell neoplasia with extensive Mott cell differentiation.

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