Peasant youth experiences of CEOs, risk aversion and corporate performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-312
Author(s):  
Kebin Deng ◽  
Zhong Ding ◽  
Yalu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Youth Experiences ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of spiritual tempering on corporate performance by investigating the experiences of CEOs who were part of the “peasant youth” between 1957 and 1976 in China. Using a sample of China’s listed companies and by developing propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences model, we find that CEOs who had profound peasant youth experiences have a stronger awareness of risk prevention and that these experiences lead to an improvement in corporate performance of over 3%. In addition, the positive impact of CEOs’ peasant youth experience on corporate performance is pronounced in either state-owned or non-state-owned enterprises. Overall, this study confirms that spiritual tempering has a significant positive impact on corporate performance.

Was it worth it? The impact of the German minimum wage on union membership of employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
German Trade ◽  
The Impact

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.

scholarly journals The impact of migrant workers' remittances on the living standards of families in Morocco: A propensity score matching approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Bouoiyour ◽  
Amal Miftah
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Impact

This article attempts to assess empirically the impact of remittances on household expenditure and relative poverty in Morocco. We apply propensity score matching methods to the 2006/2007 Moroccan Living Standards Measurement Survey. We find that migrants’ remittances can improve living standards among Moroccan households and affect negatively the incidence of poverty. The results show a statistically significant and positive impact of hose remittances on recipient households’ expenditures. They are also significantly associated with a decline in the probability of being in poverty for rural households; it decreases by 11.3 percentage points. In comparison, this probability decreases by 3 points in urban area.  

The Impact of Ownership on Corporate Performance: The Case of the UAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Elsayed Kandil ◽  
Minko Markovski
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThis study attempts to identify whether government ownership has an effect on corporate performance, such as Return on Assets (ROA), Price to Book value, and Profits for a sample of 102 listed companies on the UAE stock exchanges and a subsample of 17 banks listed on the same bourses over a period of 31 quarters. In the case of the sample of 102 companies, government ownership has a positive impact on some of the corporate performance indicators, as well in the banking subsample. In addition, the analysis evaluates the impact of state ownership on debt accumulated across the two samples. The results indicate that state ownership reduced the need to accumulate debt in general across the larger sample. However, focusing on banks, state ownership facilitates borrowing and accumulating debt. The results point to the positive effect of state ownership on corporate performance. Further, state ownership eases constraints on banks’ borrowing as it boosts confidence in the outlook, facilitating higher ratings and cheaper sources of funding. In the case of the UAE, similar to some other countries, where there is a strong trend toward government ownership in listed companies and banks, it has a positive effect on their performance for the period 2008–2016, i. e., there is a positive relationship between the block-holder ownership and firms’ performance, subject to efficiency control measures.

scholarly journals A Propensity Score Matched Study of the Positive Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Antimicrobial Appropriateness in Hospitalized Patients with Antimicrobial Stewardship Oversight

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline T. Bork ◽  
Kimberly C. Claeys ◽  
Emily L. Heil ◽  
Mary Banoub ◽  
Surbhi Leekha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Hospital-based antibiotic stewardship (AS) programs provide oversight and guidance for appropriate antimicrobial use in acute care settings. Infectious disease expertise is beneficial in the care of hospitalized patients with infections. The impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on antimicrobial appropriateness in a large tertiary hospital with an established AS program was investigated. This was a cross-sectional study from October 2017 to March 2019 at a large academic hospital with an AS-directed prospective audit and feedback process and multiple IDC services. Antimicrobial appropriateness was adjudicated by an AS team member after antimicrobial start. Antimicrobial appropriateness was compared among antimicrobial orders with and without IDC using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by primary services caring for the patients. There were 10,508 antimicrobial orders from 6,165 unique patient encounters. Overall appropriateness was 92%, with higher appropriateness among patients with IDC versus without IDC (94% versus 84%; P < 0.0001). After propensity score matching and adjustment for certain antibiotics, organisms, syndromes, and locations, IDC was associated with a greater antimicrobial appropriateness odds ratio (OR) of 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 3.0). Stratification by primary service showed an OR of 2.9 (95% CI, 2.1 to 3.8) for surgical specialties and an OR of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.2) for medical specialties. Even with a high overall antimicrobial appropriateness, patients with IDC had greater odds of antimicrobial appropriateness than those without IDC, and this impact was greater in surgical specialties. Infectious diseases consultation can be synergistic with antimicrobial stewardship programs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Operational Capabilities on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Companies in the Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Farming, Fishery Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Daimin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

In China, the agriculture, forestry, livestock farming, fishery (AFLF) industry is the basis of all industries. However, the overall development and performance level of listed companies in the AFLF industry is lower than the overall market level. According to previous literature, there is generally a positive impact of operational capabilities on the corporate performance of listed companies, but the impact on listed companies in the AFLF industry has not been investigated. This study attempts to fill in the gap by empirically analyzing the impact of operational capabilities on the corporate performance of listed companies in the AFLF industry in China. Based on a panel data set of 43 listed companies, this study performs regressions using a fixed effect model and a threshold panel model. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the operational capabilities and the corporate performance of listed companies in the AFLF industry, but different indicators that represent operational capabilities have different impacts on corporate performance. Based on the empirical results, this study puts forward corresponding suggestions for listed companies in the AFLF industry and policy makers.

scholarly journals The Impact of New Technologies on Wages in Colombia: An Analysis With the 2018 Quality-of-Life Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Barrios Aguirre ◽  
Martha Patricia Castellanos Saavedra ◽  
Diana Maritza Álvarez Ovalle ◽  
Nancy Milena Riveros Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
The Impact

This document evaluates the impact of computer use on wages in Colombia in 2018. For this analysis, a Propensity Score Matching model is used to evaluate the impact of the use of learning technologies on the wages and years of education of Colombians, based on the 2018 quality of life survey. The results show that the use of the computer, laptop, tablet, internet, transferred files, Excel and radio for learning have a positive impact on the wages of Colombians. This research allows a better understanding of the technological effects on wages and provides information for the design of public policies in the development of technological skills.

scholarly journals Impact of Equitization on Performance of Enterprises in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 36-56
Author(s):  
Loc Truong Dong ◽  
Tran Ngo My
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts

The main objective of this study is to measure the impact of equitization on firm performance in Vietnam. The dataset, retrieved from the survey on enterprises conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), consists of 301 equitized state-owned firms and 127 unequitized state-owned firms during the period from 2007 to 2010. By using propensity score matching (PSM) combined with difference in differences (DID) approach, we find that equitization has positive impacts on the ratio of income before tax to total assets and the ratio of income before tax to sales. Moreover, this study reveals that debt ratio, total asset turnover, and the number of employees have significantly decreased after equitization. However, no evidence is found regarding the effect of equitization on productivity of equitized firms.

scholarly journals The Impact of Technological Innovation on Corporate Performance: Evidence From the Communication and Cultural Industry in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Nan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

China’s communication and cultural industry is an emerging industry at the primary stage of its development. Nowadays, the public’s increasing demand for cultural products, coupled with the strong support from the state and the government for the communication and cultural industry, have provided huge room for the development of this industry. However, some listed companies in the communication and cultural industry have not kept up with the constantly changing market and have not invested heavily in R&D and technological innovation, resulting in widespread product homogeneity and poor corporate performance. This paper empirically tests the impact of technological innovation on corporate performance of 56 listed companies from 2007 to 2016 in the communication and cultural industry. Along with variables that proxy technological innovation, variables that proxy solvency, profitability, operational capability, development capability, social responsibility, and shareholder indicators are included in the regression as explanatory variables. Empirical results show that technological innovation has a positive impact on the corporate performance of listed companies in the communication and cultural industry.

scholarly journals Pedagogy and Student Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools in Rural India: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Atrayee Ghosh Roy
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Learning

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of effective teaching methods on learning outcomes in elementary schools in rural India. Particularly, this paper studies an innovative learning enhancement program called “Parrho Punjab” launched in 2007 in the Indian state of Punjab. Using cross-sectional data, the effect of the “Parrho Punjab” program on third to fifth grade children’s learning levels in basic mathematics is evaluated. This study develops combined research designs of propensity score matching technique and the difference-in-differences (DID) method. In a first step, propensity score matching technique is applied to create a synthetic control group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of pre- “Parrho Punjab” characteristics. The difference-in-differences approach is then used to estimate the effect of the program on third to fifth grade children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of the program on children’s learning outcomes in basic mathematics, underscoring the importance of effective pedagogy in enhancing learning outcomes. Combining propensity score matching with the difference-in-differences approach, this study addresses the problem of unmeasured confounding. The DID approach will produce misleading conclusions in the presence of bias due to unmeasured confounders. To the best of my knowledge, previous studies using a DID method for examining the impact of effective teaching strategies on student learning outcomes in India have not made such attempts to address the problem of confounding bias.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CASH TRANSFER ON POVERTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Deden Ferry Kurniawan ◽  
Hera Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The People ◽  
Indonesian Family Life Survey ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This research aims to generate empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers on Poverty on households in Indonesia, using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel data in 2007 and 2014, and the method of Difference-in-differences with propensity score matching. This study estimates the impact of relief and benefits that do not receive assistance on Poverty. Results are expected to find that the provision of assistance (cash transfers) has a significant impact on poverty in terms of beneficiaries and who does not receive assistance, or viewed from a total of two (beneficiaries and who are not receiving assistance). It is found that the provision of assistance to the people who were targeted as shown to improve the welfare of beneficiaries, but have not been able to exceed the group that did not receive aid.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>JEL Classification: </em></strong><em>I31, I32, I38</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Cash transfer, Difference-in-differences, Poverty, Propensity Score Matching</em><em></em></p>

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