The Global Waste Trafficking and Its Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-383
Author(s):  
Serena Favarin ◽  
Alberto Aziani
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Basel Convention ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Waste Solid ◽  
Potential Factors

Our understanding of illicit waste trafficking (IWT) is in its embryonic stages; most notably, the transnational nature of this phenomenon has hitherto been neglected in extant empirical research. This study provides the first analysis of the possible coorrelates of transnational IWT at a global level. Through recourse to information extracted from the official Basel Convention National Reports, we constructed a network of the most relevant IWT connections between 148 countries. Next, we quantitatively investigated the role of specific potential factors that influence the structure of this transnational network. Our results indicate that illicit waste is trafficked toward poorer and more insecure countries, primarily via former colonial connections. As such, IWT poses a direct threat to the sustainable development of these countries. Mere adherence to international treaties and promulgation of environmental laws does not in and of themselves explain whether a country is part of the global IWT network, although the establishment of dedicated courts and tribunals does reduce the risk of being a recipient of trafficked waste. Solid anticorruption measures and a strong rule of law increased the likelihood of being a source country in the IWT network, which, in turn, calls for a more global approach to the management of environmental issues.

scholarly journals International Treaties And Law Of Environment In India: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (II) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Dr. Ram Charan Meena
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Scenario

To address environmental issues that India and other countries face, it is essential and very important to commence action at all levels like global, regional, national, local, and community. It is not adequate to have international agreements, treaties and instruments on environmental issues and various problems but completion, implementation and enforcement of these policies and agreements to a large extent determine their impact and effectiveness. In the last few decades, there has been an increasing concern and consciousness about the need to protect the environment, nationally and internationally. Under the structure of the Indian Constitution, a number of Articles are enumerated in which environmental duties to preserve the natural resources of the country have been stated like Articles 48–A and 51–A[g]. Additionally, the Constitution also provides procedures in Articles 252 and 253 for adopting national legislations in regard to the needs of the States. The constitutional mandates and other environmental laws or regulations in India effective, successful and urgent need to streamline enforcement. The creative and innovative role of Indian Judiciary and National Green Tribunal [NGT] has been significant and laudable in this era. In this research paper, an effort has been made to momentarily outline the various Indian legislations and international treaties relating to the environment, which are mainly and more relevant to protect and improve the environment in India. The enforcement, scope and limit of these legislations has also been critically examined and evaluated in systematically manner. Protection of the environment and keeping ecological balance in Indian scenario unaffected is a task which not only the Government but also every individual, association, society, industry and corporation must undertake. It is a social compulsion and fundamental duty enshrined in Article 51–A[g] of the Indian Constitution.

scholarly journals Cooperatives of Mexico: Their Social Benefits and Their Contribution to Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Denise Díaz de León ◽  
Omar Díaz Fragoso ◽  
Igor Rivera ◽  
Gibrán Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals

Cooperatives are considered an organizational alternative based on principles and values. These organizations seek the fulfillment of social and economic benefits for their members as well as for the community in which they develop. Their nature allows them to solve problems such as social and labor exclusion as well as environmental issues. However, although their benefits to society have been extensively studied, little is known about how these organizations contribute to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this study is to analyze the way in which the social benefits generated by cooperatives contribute to the fulfillment of the SDGs in Mexico City. This qualitative study uses interviews and thematic analysis to identify and define the different social benefits generated by 134 cooperatives in Mexico City. These benefits were analyzed to identify whether they contribute to the fulfillment of the SDGs. The results stimulate the theoretical and empirical discussion about the role of cooperatives and their contribution to solving current social problems, as established by the United Nations. The article presented is of scientific interest and it is also relevant for the elaboration of public policies aimed at producing better results for these types of organizations.

Assessing Urban Sustainable Development in Isfahan

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Karimian ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Huan Fa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Synthetic Indicator

Urbanization is happening in the huge scale. Beside many advantages of urbanization such as economic and social growth, but at the same time, urbanization brings many problems like air and noise pollution. Urban sustainability aims to make balance between economic growths, environmental issues and social and welfare condition of a city to meet the present needs without jeopardizing the resources and future generation’s opportunity. In order to measure sustainable development progress of an area the role of indicator system is undeniable. In this pre-research work the sustainable development of the Isfahan city in Iran was studied based on 28 indicators in Economic growth, Environmental protection and social and welfare. Moreover the Improved Permutation Polygon Synthetic Indicator Method (IFPPSI) was used to synthesize the value of indicators and geometric illustrate of different indicators. The result showed that the synthetic value of indicators to measure sustainable development of Isfahan city is 0.5 which indicates moderate level of sustainability.

scholarly journals The place and role of the environment in the foreign policy of the Republic of Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-237
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Todic
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Status ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper points to some methodological and terminological dilemmas in defining the framework of the research as well as the linkage of environmental issues with other relevant issues. Based on the provisions contained in the strategic documents and relevant sources of law there have been analyzed factors that determine the place and the role of the environment in the foreign policy and they are as follows: the state of the environment, the policy objectives of the Republic Serbia (RS) in the environmental field, powers for dealing with environmental issues, powers and way of organizing foreign affairs, perspective of the RS membership in the European Union (EU), global and regional challenges in the environmental field, the place of international co-operation in environmental regulations, membership in international organizations in the environmental field, the status of the RS in international treaties in the environmental field, etc. The second part of the paper emphasizes the possibilities of strengthening the environmental role as a subject of co-operation in achieving certain objectives in the foreign policy of the RS. The author argues the thesis that the place and role of the environment in the foreign policy of the RS are not defined in a clear and precise manner. However, it can be said that the general framework is determined in large part by perspective of the RS membership in the EU and specific regional and global issues in the environmental field.

scholarly journals Role of Ethical Leaders in Sustainable Business: An Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Purnima Lenka ◽  
◽  
Sarita Kar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ethical Leaders

Sustainable development is one of the major concerns of present time mainly because of the rapid proliferation of business organizations. In order to develop economically, business organizations excessively use and misuse natural resources that directly causes harm to environment and society. Besides, there are some other causes also responsible for the environmental deterioration these include population explosion, enormous industrialization and lots of anthropogenic activities. The present paper tries to bring in the cognizant how business organization unknowingly leads to environmental problems and juxtaposes economic development and environmental issues. On saying this, it precisely indicates that both economic growth and sustainable environment are equally required for our society but not at the cost of one another. At this point, it is argued that only by contemplating and by engaging ethical leaders the business organisations could be able to maintain the balance between plant, people and profit. In continuation with this, the present research would engage two significant questions: firstly, what does sustainable development mean and why it is predominantly needed for the present society? Secondly, what are the expected roles of ethical leaders in maintaining the sustainable development in an organisation?

scholarly journals Does Environmental Laws and Policies Work? A Review of Ghana’S Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboagye Emmanuel Mensah ◽  
Attobrah Justice ◽  
Owusu Nana Osei ◽  
Fletcher Henrietta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Laws And Policies

Enforcing environmental laws and policies has been one of the pressing agenda globally. Despite the mandate given to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by the Act 490, there are still numerous environmental issues unaddressed in Ghana. This paper is geared towards unravelling and identifying the recent contributions to the literature available about various environmental laws and policies in Ghana. An extensive literature survey was performed to identify substantial works published concerning environmental laws and policies. Numerous environmental laws and policies were identified, however, they were found to be fragmented and scattered in various documents. It is evident from the review of literature existing that there are still areas for advanced research on the topic of environmental laws and policies placing more emphasis on institution concerned with environmental issues at global level. The study recommended the need for capacity building for environmental personnel and data due to the numerous technological advancement. 

scholarly journals The Role of Law and the Rule of Law in China’s Quest to Build an Ecological Civilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Barresi
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
The Many

Decades of rapid industrialization have caused a dramatic decline in environmental quality in the People’s Republic of China, which has prompted Chinese officials to call for redirecting China’s modernization efforts toward the construction of an ‘ecological civilization’ (shengtai wenming 生态文明). The many environmental laws that China has enacted since 1979, which borrow heavily from Western precedents, are a vital part of this effort. Unfortunately, these laws have been plagued by both compliance and enforcement problems. Cultural factors are largely to blame. The many Western-style features of China’s environmental laws depend for their effectiveness on the cultural dimensions of a strong rule of law, which are in tension with essential elements of China’s ancient legal tradition. China’s environmental laws would be more effective allies in its quest to build an ecological civilization if they were aligned more closely with that tradition in at least four ways.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE STIMULATION SYSTEM OF THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGETICS DEVELOPMENT

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
I. V. Shulga ◽  
◽  
V. M. Haraschuk ◽  
D. P. Kalayanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
And Function

The article focuses on the rapid increase in the role of the system of stimulation tools in the alternative energetics development in a context of the process of comprehensive greening of the modern world economy. The problems of the category determination of "stimulation" are reviewed both in modern legal science in general and in the field of international legal relations related to the development of alternative energetics. The incentive means of the development of alternative energetics, used at the domestic level, which are most widely used at the present stage of social development, are clarified. The main content of the work touches upon urgent problems of the role of international organizations in the stimulation system of the alternative energetics development. The importance of their participation in ensuring the sustainable development of the industry under study is substantiated, their role and function in the stimulation system of the alternative energetics are determined, and a classification of their activities is proposed. The tasks of governmental and non-governmental international institutions are analyzed in terms of the proposed classification; the examples are given from the practical implementation of tasks by several major international organizations. The options are proposed for improving the present model for the participation of international organizations with the stimulation system of the alternative energetics development. The focus is made on the problem of the states’ international responsibility for non-compliance with international treaties and the problem of priority correlation of international interest and state sovereignty in matters of reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. It is concluded that there is a current trend of reorienting the activities of international organi-zations towards differentiation. It is stated that the programs and recommendations of international organizations are developed directly for particular states, taking into account their geography and economic status when choosing types and methods for the alternative energetics development.

The role of parliament in the sustainable development of the country: Agenda for Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Aliya Kassymbek ◽  
Lazzat Zhazylbek ◽  
Zhanel Sailibayeva ◽  
Kairatbek Shadiyev ◽  
Yermek Buribayev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Gender and belief factors on attitude towards Social and Environmental Accounting (SEA)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Salina Abdullah ◽  
Ern Chen Loo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Sustain Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Research on social and environmental accounting (SEA) has mainly concentrated on disclosure of SEA by corporate bodies, where investigations on ones attitude towards SEA are rarely discussed. SEA is a medium that develops relationships between business and society, community and nature. In addition, SEA involves a concept of sustain ability; where natural resources need to be sustained for the needs of future generations (Alhabshi et al., 2003). SEA also tries to recognise the role of accounting in sustainable development and the use of environmental resources. There are arguments that the young generations today are not fully aware of preserving these natural resources as well as handling social and environmental issues wisely. This perhaps link closely to their belief and cultural background. Hence, this paper examines the influence of gender and belief factors on the undergraduate students’ attitude towards SEA. Four dimensions of belief (fixed ability, quick learning, simple knowledge and certain knowledge) proposed by Schommer (2005) were adapted to analyse how belief factors have influence on their attitude towards SEA. An independent sample t-test was used to examine the relationship between gender and students’ attitude towards SEA. Spearmen’s correlation was employed to show the relationship between belief and attitude towards SEA. The results revealed that gender differences did not show influences on their attitude towards SEA. It was found that there is a significant relationship between belief and students’ attitude towards SEA. Students who believe on the importance of SEA tend to report positive attitude towards SEA. Perhaps findings of this study may provide some information on the SEA education and further be incorporated in the syllabus.

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