Do Disability Policies Shape How People Perceive Work Limitation? An International Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110101
Author(s):  
Na Yin ◽  
Frank Heiland
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Work Limitation ◽  
Reporting Heterogeneity ◽  
Policy Simulations ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Disability Research

This study explored the role that cross-country disability policy differences play in shaping individuals’ work limitation reporting styles. We used anchoring vignettes available in comparable U.S. and European survey data to test and adjust for reporting differences in self-reported work limitation measures. We found that disability policy generosity scores showed statistically significant predictive power for respondents’ work limitation classification scales, with the association stronger and more statistically significant at the lower end and the middle of the scale. That is, respondents under more generous disability regimes tended to apply a more inclusive (i.e., lenient) scale in classifying a mild, moderate, or severe work limitation. Because there is no natural interpretation of the magnitude of the correlation, we conducted counterfactual policy simulations to illustrate the strength of the association; for example, if the United States were to adopt more generous disability policies such as those in Sweden, there might be an associated increase of more than 36 percentage points in the proportion of Americans aged 50 years and above reporting work limitation (of any severity). This research contributes to a better understanding of the role of disability policy in reporting heterogeneity in comparative disability research, an area that has been seldom studied.

scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading: A Review of National Biomethane Strategies and Support Policies in Selected Countries

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schmid ◽  
Horschig ◽  
Pfeiffer ◽  
Szarka ◽  
Thrän
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Framework Conditions

Bioenergy contributes significantly towards the share of renewable energies, in Europe and worldwide. Besides solid and liquid biofuels, gaseous biofuels, such as biogas or upgraded biogas (biomethane), are an established renewable fuel in Europe. Although many studies consider biomethane technologies, feedstock potentials, or sustainability issues, the literature on the required legislative framework for market introduction is limited. Therefore, this research aims at identifying the market and legislative framework conditions in the three leading biomethane markets in Europe and compare them to the framework conditions of the top six non-European biomethane markets. This study shows the global status and national differences in promoting this renewable energy carrier. For the cross-country comparison, a systematic and iterative literature review is conducted. The results show the top three European biomethane markets (Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden) and the six non-European biomethane markets (Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States of America), pursuing different promotion approaches and framework conditions. Noteworthy cross-national findings are the role of state-level incentives, the tendency to utilise biomethane as vehicular fuel and the focus on residues and waste as feedstock for biomethane production. Presenting a cross-country comparison, this study supports cross-country learning for the promotion of renewable energies like biomethane and gives a pertinent overview of the work.

scholarly journals The Changing Role of Government in Financing Health Care: An International Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stabile ◽  
Sarah Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Hospital Competition ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Changing Role

This paper explores the changing role of government involvement in health care financing policy outside the United States. It provides a review of the economics literature in this area to elucidate the implications of recent policy changes on efficiency, costs, and quality. Our review reveals that there has been some convergence in policies adopted across countries to improve financing incentives and encourage efficient use of health services. In the case of risk pooling, all countries with competing pools experience similar difficulties with selection and are adopting more sophisticated forms of risk adjustment. In the case of hospital competition, the key drivers of success appear to be what is competed on and measurable, rather than whether the system is public or private. In the case of both the success of performance-related pay for providers and issues resulting from wait times, evidence differs within and across jurisdictions. However, the evidence does suggest that some governments have effectively reduced wait times when they have chosen explicitly to focus on achieving this goal. Many countries are exploring new ways of generating revenues for health care to enable them to cope with significant cost growth, but there is little evidence to suggest that collection mechanisms alone are effective in managing the cost or quality of care. (JEL H51, I11, I18)

ACCOUNTING FOR LIFE-CYCLE WEALTH ACCUMULATION: THE ROLE OF HOUSING INSTITUTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Wook (Stanley) Cho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Policy Experiments ◽  
Cross Country

This paper constructs a quantitative general equilibrium life-cycle model with uninsurable labor income to account for the differences in wealth accumulation and homeownership between Korea and the United States. The model incorporates different structures in the housing market in the two countries, namely, the mortgage market and the rental arrangements. The results from the calibrated model quantitatively explain some empirical findings in the aggregate and life-cycle profiles of wealth and homeownership. Quantitative policy experiments show that the mortgage market alone can account for more than 40% of the differences in the aggregate homeownership ratios. When coupled with the rental arrangements, both institutions can account for approximately 52% of the differences in the cross-country homeownership ratios.

Patient Centered Medicine and Technology Adaptation

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Brett Harnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Technology Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
Patient Centered Medicine ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

In many locations throughout the world, the optimal process is non-existent or has broken down; the United States is no exception as explained from a national, (Sarfaty, 2010) as well as an international perspective by Zwar (2010). The situation has become inefficient because of poorly coordinated, acute-focused, episodic care. The solution lies in the most basic role of the healthcare continuum; primary care. However, to achieve maximum effectiveness and efficiency, adoption of various technologies need to be embraced. While it is referenced by different terms, the concept is often termed patient centered medicine.

Patient Centered Medicine and Technology Adaptation

2012 ◽  
pp. 77-98
Author(s):  
Brett Harnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Technology Adaptation ◽  
The World ◽  
Patient Centered Medicine ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

In many locations throughout the world, the optimal process is non-existent or has broken down; the United States is no exception as explained from a national, (Sarfaty, 2010) as well as an international perspective by Zwar (2010). The situation has become inefficient because of poorly coordinated, acute-focused, episodic care. The solution lies in the most basic role of the healthcare continuum; primary care. However, to achieve maximum effectiveness and efficiency, adoption of various technologies need to be embraced. While it is referenced by different terms, the concept is often termed patient centered medicine.

scholarly journals Technology Readiness and Customer Satisfaction with Travel Technologies: A Cross-Country Investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Kevin Kam Fung So ◽  
Beverley A. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Technologies have dramatically transformed tourist experience. However, research has largely focused on traveler attitudes and technology adoption rather than their experience with travel technologies. Taking a cross-country perspective, this study examines the role of technology readiness (TR) as a personality trait in shaping travelers’ satisfaction with travel technologies, using airlines as a case study. Results of an online survey of travelers in Australia, China, and the United States revealed the moderating effects of the TR dimensions of optimism and innovativeness as well as country of residence on the relationships between perceived quality of technology-enabled services (TESs), satisfaction with TESs, overall satisfaction, and future behavior. These relationships were stronger among travelers with higher TR and varied across countries. The results suggest that tourism and hospitality service providers should incorporate measures of traveler TR and TESs’ performance into their customer-experience monitoring system.

scholarly journals Bridging yesterday and tomorrow: Responses to the new disability rights paradigm in the post-socialist region

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Šumskienė ◽  
Violeta Gevorgianiene ◽  
Rasa Geniene
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Global North ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disability Research

In the post-socialist region, both disability NGOs and disability research have been hostages of the medical model. The last decades mark the end of this dependence, however, a question remains over whether disability activism and research have become allies, implementing human rights-based disability policy. The goal of this paper is to reveal the relationship between academic disability research and disability activism and their influence on disability policy in the post-socialist region. The objectives of the research are to analyze the peculiarities of academic disability discourse and disability activism, their intersection points as well as their actual impact on disability policy. As a reference point for this analysis, we will take the trends of disability discourse and the rise of disability activism in the Global North countries. Thus, this paper contributes to the „careful dialogue" (Rassel, Iarskaia-Smirnova, 2013) between the post-socialist and Western understandings of disability. Authors overview the emergence of civil society and disability activism in post-socialist countries, discuss the changing role of researchers in the disability field, present and compare findings from experts' research, and quantitative content analysis of disability-related academic texts.

EXPRESS: Drinking through good times and bad: The role of consumer differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110174
Author(s):  
Hailey Hayeon Joo ◽  
Minki Kim ◽  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Pradeep Chintagunta
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Policy Simulations ◽  
Drinking Frequency

We revisit the question of alcohol consumption and public health over business cycles by decomposing overall alcohol consumption into drinking frequency and intensity in relation to consumer heterogeneity. To study this question, we use consumer-level panel data on the reported consumption (not purchases) of beer, which is the most heavily consumed alcoholic beverage and accounts for the majority of binge drinking in the United States. Leveraging the panel nature of the data, we find a negative (positive) relationship between unemployment and drinking frequency (intensity). Total consumption, which is the product of drinking frequency and intensity, is pro-cyclical. To uncover differences in behavior across consumers and to provide policy recommendations at a segment level, we present a structural model where consumers simultaneously choose the frequency and intensity of their alcohol consumption. We find differences across consumers in their behaviors; notably with respect to income and age. We conduct policy simulations to compare the effectiveness of alcohol-related policies to counter the adverse effects of recessions on the health of vulnerable groups like the low-income and elderly populations.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RESOURCE MISALLOCATION IN CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Inklaar ◽  
Addisu A. Lashitew ◽  
Marcel P. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Resource Misallocation ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Manufacturing Productivity ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Misallocation of resources across firms leads to lower aggregate productivity. In this paper, we provide new estimates of manufacturing productivity differences across countries and establish by how much they would be reduced if such misallocation were eliminated. Using World Bank survey data for formal manufacturing firms in 52 low- and middle-income countries, we show that manufacturing productivity would increase by an average of 62%, but productivity gaps relative to the United States would remain large. We also find that lower-income countries do not have more to gain from reducing misallocation, as efficiency of resource allocation is uncorrelated with income levels.

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