scholarly journals Getting a Grip on My Depression: How Latina Adolescents Experience, Self-Manage, and Seek Treatment for Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725-1738
Author(s):  
Allison McCord Stafford ◽  
Matthew C. Aalsma ◽  
Silvia Bigatti ◽  
Ukamaka Oruche ◽  
Claire Burke Draucker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Latina Adolescents ◽  
To Receive

Latina (female) adolescents are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and less likely to receive mental health services than their non-Latina White peers. We aimed to develop a framework that explains how Latina adolescents experience, self-manage, and seek treatment for depressive symptoms. Latina young women ( n = 25, M age = 16.8 years) who experienced depressive symptoms during adolescence were recruited from clinical and community settings and interviewed about experiences with depressive symptoms. The framework was developed using constructivist grounded theory methods. Participants experienced a psychosocial problem that we labeled being overburdened and becoming depressed. They responded to this problem through a five-phase psychosocial process that we labeled Getting a Grip on My Depression. Family members, peer groups, and mainstream authorities were influential in how participants experienced these phases. Future research should further develop this framework in diverse samples of Latino/a youth. Clinicians can use this framework in discussions with Latina adolescents about depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Family Therapy compared to Treatment as Usual for Depressed Adolescents in Community Mental Health Clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxsiya Waraan ◽  
Erling W. Rognli ◽  
Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽  
Marianne Aalberg ◽  
Lars Mehlum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Treatment As Usual

Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, profoundly affecting a large number of adolescent’s quality of life. To date, no obvious treatment of choice for MDD in adolescents is available and progress in the treatment of depressed adolescents will have important public health implications. Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT), as the only empirically supported family therapy model designed to treat adolescent depression, aims to repair interpersonal ruptures and rebuild an emotionally protective parent-child relationship. Objective: To study the effectiveness of ABFT compared with treatment as usual (TAU) delivered within child- and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adolescents with MDD.Method: Sixty adolescents (86.7% girls), aged 13-18 years (M = 14.9, SD = 1.35), with MDD referred to two CAMHS were randomized to 16 weeks of ABFT or TAU. ABFT consisted of weekly therapy sessions (family/individual or both) according to the treatment manual. TAU was not monitored. Primary outcomes were assessed by blinded evaluators at baseline and post-treatment with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Self-reported (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, and after 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, and 16 weeks. Analyses were performed according to intent-to-treat principles. Results: At post-treatment, clinician-rated remission rates on the HAMD (5 % in ABFT and 3.33% in TAU, p =1, OR=1.54, Fisher’s exact test) and self-reported symptoms of depression on the BDI-II did not differ significantly between groups (X2[2, N = 60] =0.06 , p = 0.97). In both treatment groups participants reported significantly reduced depressive symptoms, but the majority (63.3 %) of adolescents were still in the clinical range after 16 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: ABFT was not superior to TAU. Remission and response rates were low in both groups, suggesting none of the treatments were effective in treating MDD in adolescents. Findings must be viewed in the context of the study’s small sample size, missing data, and implementation challenges. Continued efforts to improve treatment for MDD in outpatient clinics are warranted . Future research should examine moderators of and mechanisms for individual differences to treatment response, as well as the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of implementing treatment models which may require extensive training and expertise to yield clinically meaningful improvements in non-research settings. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01830088 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01830088?term=Villab%C3%B8&draw=2&rank=1 Date of registration: April 12, 2013

scholarly journals Shame Mediates the Relationship Between Pain Invalidation and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Boring ◽  
Kaitlyn T. Walsh ◽  
Namrata Nanavaty ◽  
Vani A. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The experience of pain is subjective, yet many people have their pain invalidated or not believed. Pain invalidation is associated with poor mental health, including depression and lower well-being. Qualitative investigations of invalidating experiences identify themes of depression, but also social withdrawal, self-criticism, and lower self-worth, all of which are core components of shame. Despite this, no studies have quantitatively assessed the interrelationship between pain invalidation, shame, and depression. To explore this relationship, participants recounted the frequency of experienced pain invalidation from family, friends, and medical professionals, as well as their feelings of internalized shame and depressive symptoms. As shame has been shown to be a precursor for depression, we further explored the role of shame as a mediator between pain invalidation and depressive symptoms. All sources of pain invalidation were positively associated with shame and depressive symptoms, and shame fully mediated the relationship between each source of pain invalidation and depression. Relative to other sources, pain invalidation from family was most closely tied to shame and depression. Overall, findings indicate that one mechanism by which pain invalidation may facilitate depression is via the experience of shame. Future research may explore shame as a potential upstream precursor to depression in the context of pain. Findings provide more insight into the harmful influence of pain invalidation on mental health and highlight the impact of interpersonal treatment on the experiences of people in pain.

scholarly journals The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Lee ◽  
Seul Lee ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park ◽  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
Sung-In Jang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health It ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dinner Table

This study aims to investigate the association between family dinners involving the participation of both mother and her adolescent child and depressive symptoms within the adolescents. Data from 2183 mother–child pairs obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VI (2010–2013, and 2015) were employed in the analysis. The dependent variable of this study was depressive symptom of adolescents. Maternal accompaniment at family dinners was the variable of interest. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to analyze the association between family dinners including both mother and adolescent and depressive symptoms within the adolescent. According to the results, maternal absence in family dinners was significantly associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms in adolescents (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.01–1.99). In particular, the association was strong among adolescents aged 12–15, female adolescents, those with mothers without depressive symptoms, and city dwellers. This study showed that maternal absence at family dinners was strongly associated with depressive symptoms of adolescents. For the sake of adolescent mental health, it may be necessary to consider the implementation of policies that emphasize the importance of maternal accompaniment at family dinners and encourage the presence of mothers at the dinner table.

scholarly journals Persistent and aggressive interactions with the police: potential mental health implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Hirschtick ◽  
S.M. Homan ◽  
G. Rauscher ◽  
L.H. Rubin ◽  
T.P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Current Ptsd

Abstract Aims Little is known about the potential health impact of police encounters despite a ubiquitous police presence in many disadvantaged urban environments. In this paper, we assess whether persistent or aggressive interactions with the police are associated with poor mental health outcomes in a sample of primarily low-income communities of colour in Chicago. Methods Between March 2015 and September 2016, we surveyed 1543 adults in ten diverse Chicago communities using a multistage probability design. The survey had over 350 questions on health and social factors, including police exposure and mental health status. We use sex-stratified logistic regression to examine associations between persistent police exposure (defined as a high number of lifetime police stops) or aggressive police exposure (defined as threat or use of police force during the respondent's most recent police stop) and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms. Results Men reporting a high number of lifetime police stops have three times greater odds of current PTSD symptoms compared with men who did not report high lifetime police stops (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.6), after adjusting for respondent age, race/ethnicity, education, history of homelessness, prior diagnosis of PTSD and neighbourhood violent crime rate. Women reporting a high number of lifetime police stops have two times greater odds of current PTSD symptoms, although the results are not statistically significant after adjustment (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.2). Neither persistent nor aggressive police exposure is significantly associated with current depressive symptoms in our sample. Conclusions Our findings support existing preliminary evidence of an association between high lifetime police stops and PTSD symptoms. If future research can confirm as causal, these results have considerable public health implications given the frequent interaction between police and residents in disadvantaged communities in large urban areas.

scholarly journals Work Expectations and Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Passive Suicidal Ideation Among Baby Boomers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 557-557
Author(s):  
Linh Dang ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time

Abstract Expectations regarding work (e.g., probability of retiring at a certain age), whether realized or not, may influence mental health, however there is limited quantitative research on this question. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between expectations of full-time work after age 62 and depressive symptoms and passive suicidal ideation among Baby Boomers, a generation that experienced the Great Recession as they neared retirement. Data came from the Health and Retirement Study, 2008 - 2016 (N = 8,954, mean age = 55.3, 52.2% female, 77.8% non-Hispanic White). Clinically-relevant depressive symptoms were indexed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Expectation (probability) of working after age 62 was modeled continuously (range: 0 to 1). Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression models of screening positive on the CIDI and passive suicide ideation were fit, separately, adjusting for demographics, household income and wealth, and health characteristics. Respondents working at baseline were less likely to screen positive on the CIDI longitudinally (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.51), and while expectations were inversely associated with screening positive on the CIDI this was not significant after accounting for work status (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.43 - 1.09, p=0.104). Longitudinally, higher expectations of working were inversely associated with passive suicidal ideation (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32 - 0.92) even after accounting for working status. Future research will examine variation in these relationships by contextual factors like wealth, sex, and race/ethnicity to clarify how these features shape the association between work and mental health for this generation of older adults.

A Thematic Analysis of Detransitioners’ Experience and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Gear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
The World ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Care ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experience of detransitioners. Detransitioners are individuals who have identified as transgender, surgically and/or medically transitioned and then have detransitioned, reconciling with their biological sex. For this study 5 interviews were conducted over zoom. The participants were 5 females, aged 20 and 21. There are four main themes that emerged around the desire to transition; mental health, fear around puberty and the growing realization of sexuality and how their female body relates to the world, and peer groups. There were two distinct themes around the decision to detransition which are mental health and a change in environment. The last theme that emerged was around their concept of gender identity. Based on the interviews, identifying as transgender for these young women was masking deeper underlying issues, such as body image, sexuality, poor mental health, highlighting the need for robust psychotherapeutic care.

scholarly journals Association of depression screening with diagnostic and treatment-related outcomes among youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Riehm ◽  
Emily Brignone ◽  
Elizabeth A Stuart ◽  
Joseph J Gallo ◽  
Ramin Mojtabai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Antidepressant Prescription ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insurance Claims Data ◽  
To Receive

Background and Objectives The goals of depression screening, which is universally recommended in primary care settings in the U.S., are to identify adolescents with depression and connect them to treatment. However, little is known about how depression screening affects the likelihood of being diagnosed with a mental disorder or accessing mental health care over time. Methods This longitudinal cohort study used insurance claims data from 57,732 adolescents who had at least one routine well-visit between 2014 and 2017. Using propensity score matching, we compared adolescents who were screened for depression to similar adolescents who were not screened for depression during the well-visit. Diagnostic and treatment-related outcomes were examined over 6-month follow-up and included depression diagnoses, mood-related diagnoses, antidepressant prescriptions, any mental health-related prescriptions, and psychotherapy. We also examined heterogeneity of associations by sex. Results Compared to adolescents who were not screened for depression, adolescents screened for depression were 30% more likely to be diagnosed with depression (RR=1.30, 95% CI=1.11-1.52) and 17% more likely to receive a mood-related diagnosis (RR=1.17, 95% CI=1.08-1.27), but were not more likely to be treated with an antidepressant prescription (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.82-1.51), any mental health prescription (RR=1.15, 95% CI=0.87-1.53), or psychotherapy (RR=1.13, 95% CI=0.98-1.31). In general, associations were stronger among females. Conclusions Adolescents who were screened for depression during a well-visit were more likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or a mood-related disorder in the six months following screening. Future research should explore methods for increasing access to treatment and treatment uptake following screening.

scholarly journals Couples’ perceptions of each other’s depressive symptoms: Empathic accuracy and assumed similarity bias

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110365
Author(s):  
Chelsea N. Carson ◽  
Chrystyna D. Kouros
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Assumed Similarity ◽  
The Impact

The link between depressive symptoms and relationship functioning has been well-documented. Evidence for affective concordance in depressive symptoms between partners suggests that couples are aware of each other’s mood and symptoms; however, there have been no direct tests of the extent to which couples accurately perceive their partner’s mental health. The present study assessed spouses’ empathic accuracy and assumed similarity bias in rating each other’s depressive symptoms using the truth and bias actor-partner interdependence model for indistinguishable dyads. We hypothesized that husbands and wives would show significant assumed similarity but not significant empathic accuracy when rating their partner’s depressive symptoms. Participants were 55 racially and ethnically diverse heterosexual couples ( N = 110 individuals) with a child between the ages of 10–16 recruited from the community. Results did not provide evidence for empathic accuracy in rating a spouse’s depressive symptoms. Instead, we found significant assumed similarity, such that ratings of a spouse’s depressive symptoms were associated with one’s own level of depressive symptoms. We also found evidence of directional bias, such that, on average, spouses overestimated each other’s level of depressive symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that couples may not be particularly attuned to their partner’s subjective ratings of depression-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Future research should explore the processes accounting for partners’ perceptions of each other’s mental health, and the impact of these perceptions on relationship functioning.

scholarly journals Influence of Student Depression on the Spread of Public Opinion in University

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nie Min ◽  
Yang Lei ◽  
Luo Weimin ◽  
Guowu Yang ◽  
Hu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

In this study, we examined the impact of college students’ mental health on their social behavior. A social network was identified based on the behavior of college students sharing a meal. We analyzed the impact of depression on the structure of this network and found that students without obvious depressive symptoms, based on the test data of the SCL-90 Assessment Scale, were better at socializing than students with obvious depressive symptoms. We proposed a public opinion spreading model on social networks and formulated a heterogeneous mean-field theory to describe it. Further, using computer simulation experiments, we studied the impact of students’ mental health on the process of information propagation in college. The results of the experiments showed that students without obvious depressive symptoms were more likely to receive information than students with obvious depressive symptoms. Based on the results of our study, college psychological consultants can actively identify students who may be at risk of mental illness and give them attention and guidance.

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