scholarly journals Fear, Pain, Denial, and Spiritual Experiences in Dying Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renz ◽  
O. Reichmuth ◽  
D. Bueche ◽  
B. Traichel ◽  
M. Schuett Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Deathbed Visions ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Altered Awareness

Purpose: Approaching death seems to be associated with physiological/spiritual changes. Trajectories including the physical–psychological–social–spiritual dimension have indicated a terminal drop. Existential suffering or deathbed visions describe complex phenomena. However, interrelationships between different constituent factors (e.g., fear and pain, spiritual experiences and altered consciousness) are largely unknown. We lack deeper understanding of patients’ inner processes to which care should respond. In this study, we hypothesized that fear/pain/denial would happen simultaneously and be associated with a transformation of perception from ego-based (pre-transition) to ego-distant perception/consciousness (post-transition) and that spiritual (transcendental) experiences would primarily occur in periods of calmness and post-transition. Parameters for observing transformation of perception (pre-transition, transition itself, and post-transition) were patients’ altered awareness of time/space/body and patients’ altered social connectedness. Method: Two interdisciplinary teams observed 80 dying patients with cancer in palliative units at 2 Swiss cantonal hospitals. We applied participant observation based on semistructured observation protocols, supplemented by the list of analgesic and psychotropic medication. Descriptive statistical analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) were combined. International interdisciplinary experts supported the analysis. Results: Most patients showed at least fear and pain once. Many seemed to have spiritual experiences and to undergo a transformation of perception only partly depending on medication. Line graphs representatively illustrate associations between fear/pain/denial/spiritual experiences and a transformation of perception. No trajectory displayed uninterrupted distress. Many patients seemed to die in peace. Previous near-death or spiritual/mystical experiences may facilitate the dying process. Conclusion: Approaching death seems not only characterized by periods of distress but even more by states beyond fear/pain/denial.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation Processes in Dying Patients With Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renz ◽  
D. Bueche ◽  
O. Reichmuth ◽  
M. Schuett Mao ◽  
U. Renz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Observation Protocol ◽  
Forgiveness And Reconciliation

This article studies forgiveness and reconciliation (F/R) in patients with cancer. It focuses on the end of life, when family conflicts resurface and unfinished business challenges patients and causes spiritual distress. Forgiveness and reconciliation may intensify patient–family relationships and facilitate peace of mind and peaceful death. Existing forgiveness models and interventions focus on coping in life, yet no study has examined F/R processes until death. Our mixed-method exploratory study hypothesized that F/R processes occur in phases, repeatedly, and are spurred by approaching death. Three interdisciplinary units at a major Swiss hospital observed 50 dying patients with cancer experiencing severe conflicts with relatives, themselves, and/or with fate/God. Participant observation was combined with interpretative phenomenological analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. A semi-structured observation protocol was developed based on a 5-phase model. The protocol included space for notes (emotions, interventions, effects on dying processes). It was assessed by 20 professionals for 1 year. Analysis was supported by international interdisciplinary experts. We found that conflicts were complex and involved relational, biographical, and spiritual layers. In 62% of patients, F/R processes occurred repeatedly. Many patients died after finding F/R (22 within 48 hours). Patients indicated that imminent death, a mediating third party, acceptance, and experiences of hope motivated them to seek F/R. Although deep relationships may support F/R processes, our limited data on near-death experience/spiritual experiences restrict interpretation. Forgiveness and reconciliation processes oscillate between 5 phases: denial, crisis, experience of hope, decision, and finding F/R. Understanding F/R processes, empathy, hope, and a neutral third party may support patients in seeking forgiveness.

scholarly journals Fenomena Taubat pada Komunitas Forsabda di Tulungagung

ESOTERIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Mega Mustika Sari ◽  
Achmad Sauqi
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Minimum Age

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">This research is motivated by the phenomenon where modern humans experience inner anxiety. The condition of human happiness is not only the satisfaction of physical needs, but also the fulfillment of inner needs. In the perspective of Sufism, efforts to fulfill inner needs are carried out by getting closer to God. Efforts to get closer to God in the science of Sufism begin with repentance. From those studies this research's aim is to study the phenomenon of repentance in cultural actors (javanes culture). In the area around the researcher, one of the cultural actors community is Forsabda (Art and Culture Discussion Forum). This study aims to determine the meaning and application of repentance to Forsabda activists. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological method. Data mining was carried out on Forsabda Tulungagung activists, to five participants with semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentation methods. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method with the following criteria: 1) Have a minimum age of 25 years, 2) Actively participate in Forsabda activities, 3) Willing to provide information. The data collected were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are four meanings of repentance for Forsabda activists, namely self-awareness, self-evaluation, tawhidan, and habluminAllah. While the application of repentance to Forsabda activists is muhasabah, tawakal, tawadhu, istiqomah, gratitude, and inner peace.</p>

Exploring lived experiences of spirituality amongst five Dalcroze teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesl van der Merwe ◽  
John Habron
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Movement Awareness ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Cross Case Analysis

This article presents an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the lived spiritual experiences of five Dalcroze teachers while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics. It responds to a recent expansion of research into spirituality within music education and also in relation to Dalcroze Eurhythmics. However, there is no study on the lived spiritual experiences of Dalcroze practitioners. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to understand how five Dalcroze teachers make sense of their spiritual experiences while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics. After semi-structured interviews, we interpreted the experiences of each individual participant separately before doing a cross-case analysis. A six-step, iterative, and inductive data analysis cycle was followed. The superordinate themes that emerged are: Breathing is essential; Giving and receiving energy (physical and emotional); Creating connections through sound and movement; Awareness of self, other, environment, and music; Growth and learning; Meaning and holism; Wellbeing; and Precious moments of transcending time and space. Participants’ spiritual experiences are discussed against the background of “A conceptual model of spirituality in music education” as well as “A conceptual study of spirituality in selected writings of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze.” Music educators’ awareness of spirituality while teaching Dalcroze Eurhythmics could be heightened to increase their “pedagogical thoughtfulness and tact.”

scholarly journals Religious Instruction for Students with Autism in an Inclusive Primary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 139-158
Author(s):  
Hakiman Hakiman ◽  
Bambang Sumardjoko ◽  
Waston Waston
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Teachers And Parents

This study describes religious instruction for students with autism conveyed by classroom teachers, Islamic Education teachers, shadow teachers, and parents through a mentoring program in school and family environments. This qualitative phenomenological study was carried out in an inclusive primary school in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Five students with autism and their parents, five classroom teachers, five shadow teachers, and three Islamic Education teachers were involved in this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and focus group discussions (FGDs). They were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and an interactive approach. This study reveals that optimal outcomes of religious instruction entail collaboration among Islamic Education teachers, classroom teachers, shadow teachers, and parents with the assistance of psychologists, counsellors, therapists, pedagogues, and school policies. Such collaboration is particularly required in the implementation of an adaptive curriculum, lesson plans, learning implementation, evaluation, mentoring and the habituation of worship. The modification of learning methods, media, and evaluation is also required.

scholarly journals Tweeting, friending, reporting: Social media use among journalism academics, students and graduates in the Asia-Pacific

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Nasya Bahfen ◽  
Alexandra Wake
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Commerce Law ◽  
Use Of Social Media

This reflective article describes and analyses the use of Facebook and Twitter over a five-year timeframe by two journalism academics in Australia, whose industry and research expertise are in the Asia-Pacific. The use of social media has made possible for journalism educators an active electronic space in which to conduct discourse on development, publication, networking and career opportunities with students and alumni. This discourse and the educators, students or alumni who engage in it reflect the nature of the global media industry as inherently network-based (in contrast to employment approaches found in other industries such as graduate programmes in commerce, law or engineering). Because it operates using electronic communication, such discourse also reflects the industry which journalism graduates seek to enter as not being geographically confined to one city or state within Australia—instead, reflecting a rapid rate of movement between cities and states, or between countries, or between urban and rural locations. Using active participant observation, the researchers argue that social media can be used to develop and retain links with their students and alumni, by making use of the social connectedness that is coming to characterise communication. The researchers were early adopters of Facebook and Twitter communication with students. The article argues that social media has been beneficial in the conduct of these activities while exploring the use of social networking in relation to the politics of ‘friending’ or ‘following’ and ‘being followed’ by students.

scholarly journals „Monologami są rozmowy” . Liryczność w Pierścieniu Wielkiej Damy Cypriana Norwida

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Joanna Trzcionka
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Shaping Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Personal Experiences

“Dialogues are Monologues”. Lyricism in Cyprian Norwid’s The Ring of a Great Lady The article attempts to show how lyricism as an essential component of Cyprian Norwid’s The Ring of a Great Lady affects the artistic shape of the work. This issue is shown by the observation of selected structural elements of the drama, such as time, space and the construction of the main character. In the work the space of the drama and time of the action have been used as metaphors and moved into the sphere of the protagonists’ spiritual experiences. Both time and space planes undergo subjectivism which is the result of lyricism that pervades Norwid’s work. A window – the element of the theatre building plays a prominent role in shaping time and space of the drama. It is a point that links the outside world to a close space of the play which becomes simultaneously extended. The point performs the function of the prism through which this world penetrates the author’s life. In poetical expressions the window also becomes a place of the protagonists’ overcoming time-space limitations. The protagonists’ lyrical monologues, above all Mak-Yks’s monologues, show the evolution of the man’s personality. This character is externally passive, inactive though he exudes the unparalleled inner energy. The lyricism contained in dialogues and monologues, the shaping of a poetic language, its continual tension between expressing his personal experiences and a parallel general reflection initiate a multidimensional, symbolic significance of the drama. The analysis of lyrical fragments also shows that Mak-Yks, likewise Norwid’s other protagonists share a distinctive feature with the author, and the conclusions lead us to reflect that The Ring of a Great Lady is a lyrical drama.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly as Tranquilo Ambiente: How Socio-Cultural Perspectives Shape Older Latinos’ Lived Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Melanie Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Latino Older Adults

Abstract Researchers have increasingly considered the importance of age-friendly communities to improve the health and well-being of older adults. Studies have primarily focused on the built environment, such as community infrastructure, older adult behavior, and environmental expectations. Less attention, however, has been given to the role of cultural characteristics in shaping perceptions of age-friendly environments for Latinos. Using an ethnographic methodological approach, including participant observation in a Latino community near New York City and 72 semi-structured interviews, this study provides empirical insights into how older Latinos characterize age-friendly communities. Latino older adults described their community as age-friendly using Tranquilo Ambiente (TA), which translates to a calm or peaceful environment. According to older adults, a TA possesses the following: 1) a sense of personal safety, including protection of their body, 2) ethnic, social connectedness, including networks with other Latinos and important social and cultural events; and 3) a comparative understanding of their communities treatment of seniors versus other geographical and spatial locations. While much has been written on the role of the built and social environment in developing and implementing age-friendly communities, more research on the cultural significance and understanding of place among marginalized older adults is necessary. TA and its characteristics demonstrate that cultivating an age-friendly setting requires adapting structures and services to promote Latino older adults' social and cultural support and engagement.

scholarly journals Hospital leadership perspectives on the value of the 3 Wishes Project: a qualitative study

BMJ Leader ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. leader-2020-000302
Author(s):  
Marilyn Swinton ◽  
Meredith Vanstone ◽  
Peter Phung ◽  
Thanh H Neville ◽  
Alyson Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Senior Administrators ◽  
Hospital Leadership ◽  
Institutional Values ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Hospital Leaders

BackgroundHealthcare organisations are increasingly interested in improving the work life of their employees. By encouraging individualised acts of compassion for dying patients and their families, the 3 Wishes Project (3WP) has been shown to ease grief for both families and clinicians.PurposeThe objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of hospital leaders on the value of the 3WP to the hospital and how decisions are made about which programmes to support.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 20 hospital leaders in four North American institutions. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsInterviews with 12 clinical managers and 8 senior administrators identified the institutional value of the 3WP as improving patient and family experiences, enhancing staff morale, translating institutional mission and values into front-line practice, and creating positive public relations. Hospital leaders acknowledged potential resource challenges, including staff time, space to store supplies and funds to purchase items for some wishes. However, citing stories they had heard from families and staff, hospital leaders shared their view of how their decisions about the value of clinical programmes extend beyond quantifiable outcomes.ConclusionsWhen reflecting on this personalised palliative care programme, hospital leaders described how inspiring narratives promoted institutional values in ways that are difficult to measure quantitatively. Leaders underscored the need to balance the value that a programme brings with the resources it requires, stating how different types of evidence influence their support of new programmes.Trial registration numberNCT04147169.

No Time for Dying: A Study of the Care of Dying Patients in Two Acute Care Australian Hospitals

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pincombe ◽  
Margaret Brown ◽  
Helen Mccutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Major Factors

Objectives Research was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Australia to collect data on the care of patients dying in the acute care setting. Methodology Non-participant observation of the care of dying patients in medical wards was the primary method of data collection and selected staff were interviewed. Observers collected data on the type of care, who gave the care, and the time given to care. Thematic analysis was applied to both the observational and interview data. Participants Patients selected were over the age of 18 years, with a terminal diagnosis and an estimated six days to live. Results Three major factors emerged from the data to form the context in which patients were cared for and died: 1) the organizational factor, 2) the environmental factor, and 3) the human factor. The presence or absence of family members influenced the amount of care given. If family members were not present, dying could be an isolating experience, with minimal care focused on routine hospital activities. Conclusion This research indicated that the principles of palliative care are yet to be incorporated in the acute care hospital setting.

scholarly journals The Lived Experience Of Professional Musicians with Playing-Related Injuries: A Phenomenological Inquiry

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Guptill
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenological ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Phenomenological Methodology

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experience of professional instrumental musicians who have experienced playing-related injuries. The study used a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology developed to examine this lived experience. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 professional musicians, followed by a focus group where preliminary findings were presented to participants and their feedback was sought. Other sources of lived experience included participant-observation by the researcher, who is a musician and has experienced injuries, and biographic and artistic representations of musical performance and its loss, including literature, films, and television. The findings were summarized in a visual representation unique to this study. The representation illustrates three roles--musician, worker, and teacher--that are participated in, and disrupted by, the experience of being injured. In addition, the experience of a playing-related injury takes place within the context of a healthcare system which was perceived as insufficient to meet their needs: specialized care was rarely available and, if available, was not local or timely; treatment operated on a fee-for-service model when many musicians had meagre incomes and lacked coverage for these services; and treatment provided often failed to allow musicians to continue to perform at the level they had previously achieved. Finally, the representation illustrated four existentials--lived time, space, body and social relations--that permeated the experience. This study suggests that improvements to healthcare delivery and education of musicians, music teachers, and healthcare professionals are needed.

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