School-Based Condom Availability Programs

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Schmiedl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
School Based ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Condom Availability ◽  
Condom Availability Programs ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Activity

The repercussions of sexual activity among teens continue to be a significant issue in the United States. Detrimental consequences to unprotected sexual activity among teens include unintended pregnancy and acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (STD) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that each year approximately 3 million teens acquire an STD and 860,000 become pregnant. A variety of programs have been implemented in school systems in an attempt to reduce the STDs, HIV, and pregnancy among teens. One program is the distribution of condoms in the school. There are many factors that the school nurse must consider in the development of a school-based condom disbursement program. This article addresses school-based condom availability programs as well as issues for the school nurse to consider when implementing such a program.

scholarly journals Trichomoniasis

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane R. Schwebke ◽  
Donald Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Related Organism ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Oral Metronidazole

SUMMARY Trichomoniasis is perhaps the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide, yet few resources are devoted to its control. It is associated with potentially serious complications such as preterm birth and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and transmission. The immunology of a related organism, Tritrichomonas foetus, which causes disease in cattle, has been investigated to some extent, but more work is needed for the human strain, Trichomonas vaginalis. In addition, although trichomoniasis is easily treated with oral metronidazole, there is concern that the number of strains resistant to this antibiotic are increasing, and currently no alternative is licensed in the United States. As more is appreciated concerning the important public health implications of this common infection, more work will need to be done in understanding the diagnosis, treatment, and immunology of this organism.

A taxonomy of the scope and organization of local sexually transmitted disease services for policy and practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383
Author(s):  
Hector P Rodriguez ◽  
Summer Starling ◽  
Zosha Kandel ◽  
Robert Weech-Maldonado ◽  
Nicholas J Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Local health departments (LHDs) and their organizational partners play a critical role in controlling sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. We examine variation in the differentiation, integration, and concentration (DIC) of STD services and develop a taxonomy describing the scope and organization of local STD services. LHD STD programs (n = 115) in Alabama (AL) and California (CA) responded to surveys assessing STD services available in 2014. K-means cluster analysis identified LHD groupings based on DIC variation. Discriminant analysis validated cluster solutions. Differences in organizational partnerships and scope of STD services were compared by taxonomy category. Multivariable regression models estimated the association of the STD services organization taxonomy and five-year (2010–2014) gonorrhea incidence rates, controlling for county-level sociodemographics and resources. A three-cluster solution was identified: (1) low DIC (n = 74), (2) moderate DIC (n = 31), and (3) high DIC (n = 10). In discriminant analysis, 95% of jurisdictions were classified into the same types as originally assigned through K-means cluster analysis. High DIC jurisdictions were more likely (p < 0.001) to partner with most organizations than moderate and low DIC jurisdictions, and more likely (p < 0.001) to conduct STD needs assessment, comprehensive sex education, and targeted screening. In contrast, contact tracing, case management, and investigations were conducted similarly across jurisdictions. In adjusted analyses, there were no differences in gonorrhea incidence rates by category. Jurisdictions in CA and AL can be characterized into three distinct clusters based on the DIC of STD services. Taxonomic analyses may aid in improving the reach and effectiveness of STD services.

scholarly journals 945. Prevalence of HIV Associated Non-AIDS Conditions and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
Amyeo A Jereen ◽  
Celia Kucera ◽  
Saniya Pervin ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Radhakrishnan Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) conditions are becoming common as People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) age. However, data estimating the prevalence of HANA conditions and associated risk factors is lacking in developing countries. This study evaluates reasons for hospitalizations among PLWHIV in Udupi, India in the antiretroviral era, and describes associated risk factors. Methods Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical charts of 1280 HIV-infected patients 18 years and older who were admitted to Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, for a total of 2157 hospitalizations. Primary reasons for hospitalization were categorized into AIDS-defining vs Non-AIDS-defining and HANA vs Non-HANA conditions (Fig 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate demographic and clinical factors associated with hospitalizations due to AIDS-defining illness and HANA conditions. Categorization of Reasons for Hospitalization Results Patients’ median age was 45 (18-80) years; 70% male. Median age of patients with AIDS-defining illness (45% of hospitalizations) was lower at 44 (18-75) years compared with HANA (15% of hospitalizations) at 48 (21-80) years. Age (OR, 95% CI) (0.985, 0.974-0.995), admission CD4 (0.998, 0.997 - 0.998), history of hypertension (HTN) (0.59, 0.42-0.82), stroke (0.49, 0.24 - 0.93), diabetes (1.56, 1.10 - 2.19), and AIDS-defining cancers (1.74, 1.05 - 2.89) were associated with AIDS-defining hospitalizations (Fig 2). Additionally, age (1.016, 1.001 - 1.031), history of HTN (1.70, 1.16 - 2.46), coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.02, 1.87- 9.02), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.30, 1.15 - 4.61), stroke (2.93, 1.46 - 5.96), Hepatitis B (3.32, 1.66- 6.72), Hepatitis C (16.1, 2.84 - 314), sexually transmitted disease (STD) (3.76, 1.38- 10.8), and HANA-associated cancer (2.44, 1.28- 6.42) were associated with HANA hospitalizations (Fig 3). Patient Risk Factors for AIDS-related Hospitalization Patient Risk Factors for HANA-related Hospitalization Conclusion Prevalence of HANA conditions was lower than AIDS-defining illnesses possibly because of a younger population. Patients with AIDS-defining illnesses were also likely to have HANA conditions. Early detection and effective treatment of both HIV and HANA conditions is essential to decrease hospitalizations in low-resource settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Attachment: Microcolony Development, Cortical Plaque Formation, and Cytoprotection

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4743-4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin L. Higashi ◽  
Shaun W. Lee ◽  
Aurelie Snyder ◽  
Nathan J. Weyand ◽  
Antony Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Twitching Motility ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Live Cell Microscopy ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium that causes gonorrhea, a major sexually transmitted disease and a significant cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The retactile N. gonorrhoeae type IV pilus (Tfp) mediates twitching motility and attachment. Using live-cell microscopy, we reveal for the first time the dynamics of twitching motility by N. gonorrhoeae in its natural environment, human epithelial cells. Bacteria aggregate into microcolonies on the cell surface and induce a massive remodeling of the microvillus architecture. Surprisingly, the microcolonies are motile, and they fuse to form progressively larger structures that undergo rapid reorganization, suggesting that bacteria communicate with each other during infection. As reported, actin plaques form beneath microcolonies. Here, we show that cortical plaques comigrate with motile microcolonies. These activities are dependent on pilT, the Tfp retraction locus. Cultures infected with a pilT mutant have significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells than cultures infected with the wild-type strain. Inducing pilT expression with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside partially rescues cells from infection-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that Tfp retraction is intrinsically cytoprotective for the host. Tfp-mediated attachment is therefore a continuum of microcolony motility and force stimulation of host cell signaling, leading to a cytoprotective effect.

scholarly journals Neurosyphilis Presenting as Asymptomatic Optic Perineuritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Parker ◽  
John H. Pula
Keyword(s):  
White Cell Count ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Disc Edema ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Ocular Disorders

Introduction. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is known as “the great imitator” due to its wide variety of clinical presentations, including ocular disorders. There has been an increase in the rate of syphilis in the United States, especially in persons with HIV. We report a case of optic perineuritis in an asymptomatic male secondary to central nervous system (CNS) syphilis.Case Report. A 41-year-old man was found to have bilateral disc edema on a routine exam. Brain MRI was unremarkable, and lumbar puncture revealed a normal opening pressure, with an elevated cerebrospinal fluid white cell count. Orbit MRI showed optic nerve sheath expansion and enhancement, consistent with optic perineuritis. He tested positive for syphilis based on serum RPR and FTA-ABS.Conclusion. Ophthalmologic findings, including disc edema, may be the presenting features of CNS syphilis. Even in asymptomatic persons, perineuritis should be considered early, as diagnosis and treatment are imperative given the progressive nature of the disease.

‘How come they don’t talk about it in school?’ Identifying adolescent barriers to PrEP use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Gailloud ◽  
Tatiana Gonzalez-Argoti ◽  
Sophia Philip ◽  
Lena S Josephs ◽  
Joanne E Mantell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
School Based ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
School Based Health Centers ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Although 21% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States are in youth aged 13–24 years, adolescent awareness and uptake of the HIV prevention medication pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are low. This study explores the attitudes and challenges that adolescents face while taking PrEP. Thirty interviews were conducted with Black and Latine (we use the gender-inclusive term Latine rather than Latinx for more appropriate Spanish pronunciation) students aged 15–17 who received care at school-based health centers (SBHCs) in the Bronx, NY. Transcripts were coded inductively and deductively using thematic analysis. Most participants were unaware of PrEP, but nearly all were enthusiastic when informed about it; a majority denied that they would feel any stigma when taking PrEP. Despite this high receptivity, multiple barriers were identified, particularly confidentiality from parents, low perceived need of PrEP and concerns about daily adherence and side effects. Adolescents overall were enthusiastic about the availability of PrEP and felt it empowered them to have control over their health. SBHCs were considered trusted sources of confidential, accessible care, and we believe that they can be uniquely positioned to mitigate barriers to PrEP distribution in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document