Deservingness Heuristics and Policy Attitudes toward the Elderly in an Aging Society: Evidence from Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110160
Author(s):  
Yesola Kweon ◽  
ByeongHwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Senior Citizens ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Issue Framing ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Economic Need

Deservingness theory contends that spending on the elderly is widely supported across age groups because, unlike other groups such as immigrants or the unemployed, senior citizens are perceived as morally worthy of social aid. However, through a survey experiment in Japan, a prototypical aging society, this study shows that in a state with a large population of senior citizens, there is a significant age gap in policy preferences with the working-age population demonstrating stronger opposition to government support for the elderly. To induce empathetic policy attitudes toward the elderly, therefore, effective issue framing is necessary. However, emphasizing economic need is not enough; it is only when both the elderly’s economic need and effort to work are emphasized that we see a positive attitudinal change among the working-age population. In addition, we find that the economically secure are more sensitive to senior citizens’ economic need and effort to work in determining their policy support. By contrast, the economically insecure exhibit unqualified support for the elderly. These findings demonstrate that deservingness for the elderly is not innate, but is driven by conditional altruism. Furthermore, our work emphasizes the importance of issue framing in generating intergenerational solidarity in a rapidly aging society.

scholarly journals Is There Empirical Evidence on How the Implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) Affects Labour Supply? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9459
Author(s):  
Manuela A. de Paz-Báñez ◽  
María José Asensio-Coto ◽  
Celia Sánchez-López ◽  
María-Teresa Aceytuno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
Maximum Reliability

The objective of this article is to determine, as conclusively as possible, if the implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) would lead to a significant reduction in the working age population labour supply. If this were true, implementation of a UBI may not be sustainable. To do this, we will compile empirical evidence from studies over the last few decades on the effects of implementation of a UBI on employment. We apply the PRISMA methodology to better judge their validity, which ensures maximum reliability of the results by avoiding biases and making the work reproducible. Given that the methodologies used in these studies are diverse, they are reviewed to contextualize the results taking into account the possible limitations detected in these methodologies. While many authors have been writing about this issue citing experiences or experiments, the added value of this article is that it performs a systematic review following a widely tested scientific methodology. Over 1200 documents that discuss the UBI/employment relationship have been reviewed. We found a total of 50 empirical cases, of which 18 were selected, and 38 studies with contrasted empirical evidence on this relationship. The results speak for themselves: Despite a detailed search, we have not found any evidence of a significant reduction in labour supply. Instead, we found evidence that labour supply increases globally among adults, men and women, young and old, and the existence of some insignificant and functional reductions to the system such as a decrease in workers from the following categories: Children, the elderly, the sick, those with disabilities, women with young children to look after, or young people who continued studying. These reductions do not reduce the overall supply since it is largely offset by increased supply from other members of the community.

Income Inequality Trends and their Challenges to Redistribution Policies in Japan

2007 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Fukawa ◽  
Takashi Oshio
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Market Income ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Japanese Elderly ◽  
Working Age Population

This article is an overview of income inequality trends during the 1980s and 1990s and a discussion of their challenges to redistribution policies in Japan. The key results are summarized as follows. First, a widening disparity in market income for the working-age population has been driving rising income inequality in society as a whole, while population aging has added to the uptrend. Second, wide income inequality for the aged population reflects high rates of co-residency and labor force participation among the elderly. This unique feature to the Japanese elderly explains the fact that population aging has led to a rise in overall inequality measures. Third, the current scheme of redistribution policies is less effective for reducing income inequality compared to other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (OECD), leaving distribution of disposable income relatively uneven in Japan.

Number of dementia sufferers in Europe between the years 2000 and 2050

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Wancata ◽  
M. Musalek ◽  
R. Alexandrowicz ◽  
M. Krautgartner
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
European Region ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Year 2000

AbstractSeveral authors have pointed out that in the next few decades dementia will affect a considerably increasing number of the elderly. To our knowledge there exist no calculations of the number of demented persons for the whole European region. We made calculations on the number of dementia cases for the period 2000–2050 based on the population projections of the United Nations. For this purpose, we used the results of several meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. The number of prevalent dementia cases in the year 2000 was 7.1 million. Within the next 50 years, this number will rise to about 16.2 million dementia sufferers. The number of new dementia cases per year will increase from about 1.9 million in the year 2000 to about 4.1 million in the year 2050. Contrarily, the working-age population will considerably decrease during the next 50 years. In the year 2000, 7.1 million dementia cases faced 493 million persons in working-age. This equals a ratio of 69.4 persons in working-age per one demented person. Until the year 2050, this ratio will decrease to only 21.1. Thus, the financial and emotional burden placed by dementia on the working-age population will markedly rise.

Comparison of Chinese and American Product Injury Features

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 1616-1619
Author(s):  
Yong Qin Feng ◽  
Yan Yin ◽  
Xiao Rui Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li Xie
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
By Products

Based on the product injury data provided by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) in the US and the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in China, different features of Chinese and American product injuries have been analyzed. American product injuries are mainly focused on children, teenagers and senior citizens, while Chinese product injuries are mainly focused on working-age population. In the US, the percentage of men injured by products is close to that of women. But in China, the percentage of men injured by products is almost twice that of women, showing a distinct gender difference. In the US, the percentage of people injured by product treated and recovered is higher than in China, while the percentage of the hospitalized and dead is lower than in China.

Generations of İstanbul families, the elderly, and the social economy of welfare

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 5-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Duben
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Women ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Support Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Relationship

As the population of the world ages, the balance between generations is irrevocably changing. Proportionally larger numbers of the no-longer economically active elderly will need to be supported by a shrinking working-age population. Women have increasingly come to outnumber men at advanced ages, presenting elderly women (and their families) with a novel and challenging old-age experience. Indeed, gender is central to understanding the relationship between generations and the glaring imbalance in intergenerational support, material and immaterial.

Purpose and Meaning in Life and Job Satisfaction Among the Aged

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaywon Lee ◽  
Dongjoon Cho ◽  
Yu Jin Suh
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

This study investigates the relationship between purpose and meaning in life and job satisfaction among the aged. This issue is quite timely since there has been an increase in the employment rate of senior citizens in Asian countries due to the insufficient working-age population. We survey 228 seniors who are older than 55 years in South Korea. Our results suggest that purpose and meaning in life are highly associated with overall job satisfaction among the aged. We also find that vocation mediates the relationship between purpose and meaning in life and job satisfaction.

Hand/Handhold Coupling: Influence of Active Grip Force and Friction on Breakaway Strength

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Young ◽  
Chuck B. Woolley ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
James A. Ashton-Miller
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Fall-related fatalities and injuries during climbing tasks represent a significant socioeconomic problem whether they occur in children, in the working age population, or in the elderly. The strength of the mechanical coupling between hand and handhold largely determines if a person can support their bodyweight or will lose grip of the handhold, fall and risk injury. It therefore seems prudent to quantify the maximum amount of external force that the coupling between the hand and handhold is capable of withstanding and to determine how handle design properties influence this.

scholarly journals Long-term Labour Shortage. The Economic Impact of Population Transition and Post-Industrialism on the OECD Countries: the Nordic Case

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Perttu Salmenhaara
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

This paper presents a survey of results about studies on ageing. The data is collected from population projections by the United Nations, OECD, the European Union and the Eurostat.The research question is how population ageing affects the percentage of the working age population in the OECD. Special focus countries are the Nordic countries. The method is to collect together comparable data from these previous studies. The results imply that from 2005 to 2050 the number of the elderly in relation to the working-age population is projected to increase radically. Most advanced national economies are likely to have problems in providing elderly care services and pensions. In addition, post-industrialisation and ethnic discrimination add to the problem by excluding a fair share of the working-age population from the labour market.

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