Impact of Theory of Accident Causation on Intervention Strategies

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper E. Shealy

Paper shows how the belief that one has about how accidents happen (Theory of Accident Causation) affects the design of the Accident Report Form, the type of information gathered, the nature of your accident data base, the analysis of the data and, finally, the way in which you intervene in the situation. Two different approaches are examined, one which is typical of most existing systems, the other represents a much improved system that points the way to more effective intervention strategies.

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. O'Brien

30 test-anxious subjects were assigned to two treatment groups for 6 weekly sessions. One group experienced standard group-desensitization of test anxiety while the other group was instructed in negative practice of anxiety responses and satiation of anxiety-producing stimuli. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups and a control group ( N = 15) in grades for the semester preceding treatment. Both treatment groups had significantly higher grades than the control group following treatment. Given negative practice, one group obtained significantly higher grades than the desensitized group. Both treatment groups reported a significant decrease in test anxiety but no such difference was reported by a second control group. It is suggested that both negative practice and desensitization might be effective intervention strategies for test anxiety.


Enfoques ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto ◽  
Claudia Liliana Valencia Granados ◽  
Danilo Zambrano

ResumenLa terapia de pareja es uno de los métodos que con frecuencia el psicólogo clínico debe implementar en su práctica debido a los altos índices de consulta que realizan sus clientes con relación a esta área particular. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar e integrar dos perspectivas complementarias de la psicología desde el campo básico y aplicado, mediante la revisión de algunos conceptos centrales de la Psicología Evolucionista y la Psicología Clínica. De acuerdo con esto, se examinan diferentes variables de interés en el marco de algunas de las interacciones características de las parejas como los intercambios positivos, el conflicto, los celos, entre otras. Por otro lado, se mencionan algunas de las características de la terapia cognitivo conductual de pareja y de la terapia conductual integrativa de pareja como una de las estrategias de intervención más efectivas para el tratamiento de las dificultades de pareja. Finalmente, se sugiere ampliar las investigaciones sobre las relaciones de pareja y sus intervenciones que incorporen las formulaciones de la Psicología Evolucionista respecto a las estrategias de atracción, retención y cambio de pareja, para lograr una comprensión más amplia de las dinámicas de las parejas y de las intervenciones efectivas para mejorar las problemáticas en esta área. Contributions from Evolutionary Psychology to Couple Therapy: Integrating basic and applied approachesAbstractCouple therapy is one of the therapeutic methods that often the clinical psychologist must implement in practice because of the high rates of consultation that clients make in relation to this particular area. This article aims to analyze and integrate two complementary perspectives of psychology, from the basic and applied field by reviewing some central concepts of Evolutionary and Clinical Psychology. Accordingly, we examine different variables of interest within the framework of the characteristic interactions of couples such as positive exchanges, conflict, jealousy, among others. On the other hand, some of the characteristics of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and integrative behavioral couple therapy are mentioned as one of the most effective intervention strategies for treating partner difficulties. Finally, we suggest that more research on couple’s relationships and their interventions incorporating the formulations of Evolutionary Psychology regarding strategies of attraction, retention and change of couple to achieve a broader understanding of the dynamics of couples and of the interventions that can be performed to improve the problems that afflict the couples. Contribuições da Psicologia Evolutiva à Terapia Paritária: Integração de abordagens básicas e aplicadasResumoA terapia de casal é um dos métodos terapêuticos que muitas vezes o psicólogo clínico deve implementar na prática devido às altas taxas de consulta que os clientes fazem em relação a essa área específica. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e integrar duas perspectivas complementares de psicologia, do campo básico e aplicadas através da revisão de alguns conceitos centrais de Psicologia Evolucionista e Clínica. Consequentemente, examinamos diferentes variáveis de interesse dentro do quadro das interações características dos casais, como trocas positivas, conflitos, ciúmes, entre outros. Por outro lado, algumas das características da terapia cognitivo comportamental em casal e a terapia comportamental integrativa de casais são mencionadas como uma das estratégias de intervenção mais eficazes para o tratamento de dificuldades de casal. Finalmente, sugere-se que mais pesquisas sobre relacionamentos de casais e suas intervenções incorporem as formulações de Psicologia Evolucionista em relação a estratégias de atração, retenção e mudança de casal para alcançar uma compreensão mais ampla da dinâmica de casais e das intervenções que podem ser feitas para melhorar os problemas que afligem os casais.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Dwi Amalia Zati ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Lince Sihombing

The objectives of the research were to describe the types of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera, to derive the dominant type of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera and to elaborate the way of five governor candidates of North Sumatera use speech acts in televised political debates. This research was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research. The findings show that there were only four types of speech acts used in televised political debates, Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara, they were assertives, directives, commissives and expressives. The dominant type of speech acts used in both televised political debates was assertives, with 82 utterances or 51.6% in Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and 36 utterances or 41.37% in Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara. The way of governor candidates of North Sumatera used speech acts in televised political debates is in direct speech acts, they spoke straight to the point and clearly in order to make the other candidates and audiences understand their utterances.   Keywords: Governor Candidate; Political Debate; Speech Acts


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kazım Yıldırım

The cultural environment of Ibn al-Arabi is in Andalusia, Spain today. There, on the one hand, Sufism, on the other hand, thinks like Ibn Bacce (Death.1138), Ibn Tufeyl (Death186), Ibn Rushd (Death.1198) and the knowledge and philosophy inherited by scholars, . Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240), that was the effect of all this; But more mystic (mystic) circles came out of the way. This work, written by Ibn al-Arabi's works (especially Futuhati Mekkiye), also contains a very small number of other relevant sources.


Author(s):  
James Gow
Keyword(s):  

This chapter considers Freedman’s contribution to scholarship and the nascent elements of a school of thought relevant to both academic and policy realms, as well as introducing a more skeptical and critical approach to the subject’s scholarship. It considers Freedman’s engagement with the policy world and why this has managed to be both extensive and successful, as well as its outcomes. It also introduces discussion of possible challenges to Freedman’s work, presenting a balancing perspective to positive appreciations of his oeuvre. The chapter concludes by indicating the weaknesses of such challenges and reaffirms the sense of a school of thought informed by a distinctive approach. This is the blend of scripturalism and constructivism, on one side, with realism, on the other, that is the hallmark of the nascent school, and the way in which it is germane in both academic and policy domains.


Author(s):  
Matthew Harries ◽  
Benedict Wilkinson

This chapter spans Freedman’s earliest focus on nuclear weapons and his development of strategic scripts as an analytical tool over three decades later. It discusses the way in which opposing logics of disarmament and armament co-existed in relation to nuclear weapons. It deploys the notion of strategic scripts to explain the contradictions inherent in approaches to nuclear disarmament, developing the concept of strategic scripts as it does so. The notion of scripts can be used to explore and even to promote nuclear disarmament. Two scripts, one of ‘stable reduction’, the other of ‘disarmament’, each serve to frame thinking. These scripts and the interactions they generate facilitate understanding of the way in which opposite instinctive reactions and, stemming from these, scripts about nuclear weapons co-exist, but are fragile as either an analytical or a strategic tool.


Author(s):  
Carol Bakhos ◽  
Michael Cook

The Introduction describes the way in which the volume originated and briefly surveys the chapters contained in it. Four chapters (by Joseph Witztum, Patricia Crone, Gerald Hawting, and Michael Cook) originate from papers delivered at the conference ‘Islam and its Past: Jahiliyya and Late Antiquity in the Qurʾan and Tradition’. The other four chapters (by Devin Stewart, Nicolai Sinai, Angelika Neuwirth, and Iwona Gajda) were not presented at this conference. All the chapters are concerned directly or indirectly with Islamic revelation, and for the most part with the Qurʾan. We live in a time when the study of the Qurʾan has been making a remarkable comeback after spending a generation on the backburner. This volume will give the interested reader a broad survey of what has been happening in the field and concrete illustrations of some of the more innovative lines of research that have recently been pursued.


Author(s):  
Lucas Champollion

This chapter models the relation between temporal aspect (run for an hour vs. *run all the way to the store for an hour) and spatial aspect (meander for a mile vs. *end for a mile) previously discussed by Gawron (2009). The chapter shows that for-adverbials impose analogous conditions on the spatial domain and on the temporal domain, and that an event may satisfy stratified reference with respect to one of the domains without satisfying it with respect to the other one as well. This provides the means to extend the telic-atelic opposition to the spatial domain. The chapter argues in some detail that stratified reference is in this respect empirically superior to an alternative view of telicity based on divisive reference (Krifka 1998).


Author(s):  
Jenny Andersson

Alvin Toffler’s writings encapsulated many of the tensions of futurism: the way that futurology and futures studies oscillated between forms of utopianism and technocracy with global ambitions, and between new forms of activism, on the one hand, and emerging forms of consultancy and paid advice on the other. Paradoxically, in their desire to create new images of the future capable of providing exits from the status quo of the Cold War world, futurists reinvented the technologies of prediction that they had initially rejected, and put them at the basis of a new activity of futures advice. Consultancy was central to the field of futures studies from its inception. For futurists, consultancy was a form of militancy—a potentially world altering expertise that could bypass politics and also escaped the boring halls of academia.


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