Walking as Political Utterance: The Walking Subjects and the Production of Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780042110423
Author(s):  
César Augusto Ferrari Martinez ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Gois

In this work, we challenge supposedly neutral imaginaries of what walking methodologies consist of, unveiling social and political dimensions and addressing the production of embodied spaces involved in the act of walking. We adopt the concept of intersectionality to construct an analysis that considers the effects of the colonial, racist, and sexist historical scheme on the production of knowledge. We understand that the current globalization project produces a global subject that is not racialized, and therefore White. And it is marked by gender norms, and therefore, masculine and heterosexual. These characteristics give the person the privilege of moving “naturally,” without the need to justify physical, social, and political corporealities. In the walking research carried out by subjects who deviate from such global parameters, we identified the interruption of walking as an epistemological event that displaces them from the space they are producing. We also analyzed the idea of risk produced to the researchers when they are identified as someone who “does not belong” to that space. We argue that the interaction among gender, race, and place imposes a local condition to the knowledge produced by Afro-Latin American walking researchers. Finally, we defend the walking methodologies as a political statute in the occupation of simultaneously physical and epistemological spaces because the subject’s position and the power relations that are addressed in the act of walking require consideration.

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862110548
Author(s):  
Fernando González

Since its origins, geography has prioritized the study of nature. However, more recently the discipline has made advancements in studying power as a fundamental element in the social production of space and territory. What can Marxism offer to such investigations? In this brief article, I highlight some of the contributions of Marxist thought that I have found useful for geographic analysis and that stand out from the discipline’s other forms of analysis. Firstly, I recover elements from the thinker Antonio Gramsci that I consider important for debates regarding the social production of space and territory as an expression of power relations. Secondly, I retrace some aspects of Marx's concept of nature to examine certain notions that prevail in today's environmental debates. In this way, I look to denaturalize the hegemonic thought with which institutions and dominant classes exercise power in this area.


Author(s):  
Amalia Valdés-Riesco

Through postcolonial criminological lens, this article attempts to evidence the domination of knowledge in criminology of Crimes of the powerful in the Global North and Anglo-language countries, and whether this domination translates into an influence of knowledge in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 21st century. To address this, a scoping review search was developed to find research articles focused on Crimes of the powerful both globally and in Latin American countries, and a citation analysis performed on specific studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied as a search strategy. The results demonstrate that a high level of concentration exists in the production of knowledge of Crimes of the powerful studies in the Global North and Anglo-language countries compared to the Global South and non-Anglo-language countries, and also evidence the high level of influence of knowledge that Global North countries have on Latin American studies.


Author(s):  
Mina Rauschenbach

This chapter takes stock of experiences gained through a research project on the perspective of individuals accused by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Using interviews, it analyses the discourse of eighteen individuals accused of having indirectly (i.e. ordered, planned, not prevented) or directly (i.e. personally committing a crime) participated in international crimes. It shows how identity positions and power relations must also be accounted for in terms of their specific implications for ethical concerns and reflexivity when carrying out such research. It discusses how the interviewees’ particular status, in its legal and political dimensions, affected the sampling procedures, the organization of the interview situation, process, its outcomes, and outputs, as well as the researchers’ roles in shaping the interview process and research outcomes. It concludes by reflecting upon the significance of the ‘figure of the perpetrator’ in academia and beyond.


2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Huber ◽  
Michelle Dion

Abstract This article assesses the contributions of studies in the rational choice (RC) tradition to scholarly understanding of Latin American politics. It groups some representative works according to their use of RC assumptions, and also reviews some of the major works in the institutionalist tradition. It argues that works in the RC tradition have neither forced a major rethinking of established theories nor filled major lacunae, although they have illuminated some phenomena that were only partly understood. The RC approach works best for narrow questions in which power relations and structural constraints are stable, whereas its essential assumptions become untenable in questions that involve shifting power relations among social groups and the state over time.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Campaña ◽  
Jose Ignacio Giménez-Nadal ◽  
José Alberto Molina

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHYS JENKINS

AbstractChina's rapid growth and increased integration with the global economy over the past three decades have significant economic impacts and political implications for Latin America. This paper reviews the debate over whether these impacts have on balance been positive or negative for the region. It argues that those who emphasise the positive economic impacts of China have been over-optimistic and underplay some of the negative impacts associated with Chinese competition in manufacturing and increasing Latin American specialisation in primary products. On the other hand, when focusing on the political dimensions, there has been a tendency to exaggerate both the extent of China's influence in the region and the fears to which this gives rise, particularly among US commentators.


2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Lotfi ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Effat Merghati Khoei ◽  
Farideh Yaghmaei ◽  
Shari L. Dworkin

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
Michael Acheampong

Political ecology is supposed to be a field of two parts of equal importance – "politics" and "ecology." However, critics have pointed to the fact that it dwells on the politics, while rendering ecology secondary in its focus. Political ecologists have hardly used the structure that the concept of ecosystem services brought to the field of ecology, and this lends credence to this critique. In this article, I introduce the concept of "critical ecosystems" that reinforces understanding of the science of "ecology", as an important dimension of political ecology. I use components of the framework of ecosystem services in context of unequal power relations. Some local people who have symbiotic relationships with their environment owe their existence – both their livelihoods and culture – to specific natural resources whose decline has proximate and tangible consequences for them. However, they often lose these "critical ecosystems" in times of natural resource exploitation due to their relative powerlessness. I argue that it is important that political ecologists utilize the framework of ecosystem services in our inquiries, to prioritize those ecosystems that are intricately connected to the survival of the local population. Based on this, I introduce the "critical ecosystems" model, and how it can be modified to fit specific cases and can reconcile the sociological and political dimensions of political ecology, with biophysical understanding of ecological processes. This holistic inquiry, I argue, will make political ecology worthy of its name.  Keywords: Political ecology; ecosystem services; unequal power relations; Millennium Ecosystems Assessment; Ghana


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Berniell ◽  
Lucila Berniell ◽  
Dolores de la Mata ◽  
María Edo ◽  
Mariana Marchionni

We study the causal effect of motherhood on labour market outcomes in Latin America by adopting an event study approach around the birth of the first child based on panel data from national household surveys for Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Our main contributions are: (i) providing new and comparable evidence on the effects of motherhood on labour outcomes in developing countries; (ii) exploring the possible mechanisms driving these outcomes; (iii) discussing the potential links between child penalty and the prevailing gender norms and family policies in the region. We find that motherhood reduces women’s labour supply in the extensive and intensive margins and influences female occupational structure towards flexible occupations—part-time work, self-employment, and labour informality—needed for family–work balance. Furthermore, countries with more conservative gender norms and less generous family policies are associated with larger differences between mothers’ and non-mothers’ labour market outcomes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kanna ◽  
Amélie Le Renard ◽  
Neha Vora

This concluding chapter explores the question of what decolonized ethnography and academia can look like. It argues that de-exceptionalizing the Arabian Peninsula as a field site requires deconstructing an idealized vision of Western academia as a presumed site of democracy and liberalism. The projects of anthropology and sociology, as they have been invested in anticolonial and antiracist justice and breaking down binary understandings between East and West, self and other, civilized and savage, are implicated in the continuing use of the exceptional and spectacular as tropes in ethnographic writing, revealing just how much work is yet to be done within their disciplines. Within these disciplines, some have questioned the various hierarchies that are realized through the production of knowledge, not only between the social scientists and their “objects” or “fields,” but also among social scientists themselves, particularly the ways in which power relations in terms of status, racialized identification, class, and gender shape perceptions of their expertise or lack thereof. The chapter then assesses how centering not only the Arabian Peninsula but gender, sexuality, race, household, and other topics that have until now been seen as marginal might provide better information about the societies social scientists study as well as transnational processes, globalization, and the contemporary world.


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