scholarly journals Childhood Trauma and Dissociative Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya R. Webermann ◽  
Christopher M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Abusive Men

The present study assesses childhood abuse/neglect as a predictor of dissociative intimate partner violence (IPV) among 118 partner-abusive men. One third (36%) endorsed dissociative IPV, most commonly losing control (18%), surroundings seeming unreal (16%), feeling someone other than oneself is aggressing (16%), and seeing oneself from a distance aggressing (10%). Childhood physical abuse/neglect predicted IPV-specific derealization/depersonalization, aggressive self-states, and flashbacks to past violence. Childhood emotional abuse/neglect predicted derealization/depersonalization, blackouts, and flashbacks. Childhood sexual abuse uniquely predicted amnesia. Other potential traumas did not predict dissociative IPV, suggesting dissociative IPV is influenced by trauma-based emotion dysregulation wherein childhood abuse/neglect survivors disconnect from their abusive behavior.

scholarly journals Identification of Intimate Partner Violence from Free Text Descriptions in Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Trinh Ha ◽  
Rhea D'Silva ◽  
Ethan Chen ◽  
Mehmet Koyuturk ◽  
Gunnur Karakurt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Free Text

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that adversely affects the well-being of victims. IPV is often under-reported and non-physical forms of violence may not be recognized as IPV, even by victims. With the increasing popularity of social media and due to the anonymity provided by some of these platforms, people feel comfortable sharing descriptions of their relationship problems in social media. The content generated in these platforms can be useful in identifying IPV and characterizing the prevalence, causes, consequences, and correlates of IPV in broad populations. However, these descriptions are in the form of free text and no corpus of labeled data is available to perform large-scale computational and statistical analyses. Here, we use data from established questionnaires that are used to collect self-report data on IPV to train machine learning models to predict IPV from free text. Using Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) along with multiple machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes), we develop DETECTIPV, a tool for detecting IPV in free text. Using DETECTIPV, we comprehensively characterize the predictability of different types of violence (Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse) from free text. Our results show that a general model that is trained using examples of all violence types can identify IPV from free text with area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 89%. We also train type-specific models and observe that Physical Abuse can be identified with greatest accuracy (AUROC 98%), while Sexual Abuse can be identified with high precision but relatively low recall. While our results indicate that the prediction of Emotional Abuse is the most challenging, DETECTIPV can identify Emotional Abuse with AUROC above 80%. These results establish DETECTIPV as a tool that can be used to reliably detect IPV in the context of various applications, ranging from flagging social media posts to detecting IPV in large text corpuses for research purposes. DETECTIPV is available as a web service at https://ipvlab.case.edu/ipvdetect/.

Social Support as a Mediator of Revictimization of Low-Income African American Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnette Bender ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Nadine Kaslow
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner

Mediating effects of social support on the link between childhood maltreatment and adult intimate partner violence (IPV) were explored in a sample of 362 low-income, African American women. We examined relations between childhood maltreatment experiences (total maltreatment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) and adult maltreatment (physical IPV and nonphysical IPV). Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed small, but significant, effects. Further, social support mediated revictimization. Social support fully mediated relations in which the form of childhood maltreatment was different than the form of adult IPV (e.g., the relation between childhood sexual abuse and adult nonphysical IPV), but only partially mediated the relations in which the form of childhood maltreatment was similar to adult IPV (e.g., the relation between childhood emotional abuse and adult nonphysical IPV). Implications for clinical interventions for women with intimate partner violence experiences are discussed.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

Do Relative Status of Women and Marriage Characteristics Matter for the Intimate Partner Violence?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Aysegul Kayaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Status Of Women

This article analyzes intimate partner violence (IPV) in a developing country context, namely, Turkey, which faces an enormous increase in femicide cases over the last decade. Analyzing a very rich nationwide representative survey on IPV, we show that it is not only the absolute status of women but also their relative status in terms of income and education that affects different types of domestic violence, ranging from emotional abuse to physical and sexual violence. Besides, factors related to marriage setting are found to have a significant role in the effect of women’s superior status on IPV. Overall, we provide evidence to support the relative resource theory and invalidate the intra-household bargaining model in the Turkish case.

Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Indirect Effects Through Negative and Positive Emotion Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Simpson ◽  
Alexa M. Raudales ◽  
Miranda E. Reyes ◽  
Tami P. Sullivan ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are at heightened risk for developing posttraumatic stress (PTS). Emotion dysregulation has been linked to both IPV and PTS, separately, however, unknown is the role of emotion dysregulation in the relation of IPV to PTS among women who experience IPV. Moreover, existing investigations in this area have been limited in their focus on negative emotion dysregulation. Extending prior research, this study investigated whether physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were indirectly associated with PTS symptom severity through negative and positive emotion dysregulation. Participants were 354 women who reported a history of IPV recruited from Amazon’s MTurk platform ( Mage = 36.52, 79.9% white). Participants completed self-report measures assessing physical (Conflict Tactics Scale), sexual (Sexual Experiences Scale), and psychological (Psychological Maltreatment of Women) IPV; negative (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and positive (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive) emotion dysregulation; and PTS symptom severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5) via an online survey. Pearson’s correlation coefficients examined intercorrelations among the primary study variables. Indirect effect analyses were conducted to determine if negative and positive emotion dysregulation explained the relations between physical, sexual, and psychological IPV and PTS symptom severity. Physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were significantly positively associated with both negative and positive emotion dysregulation as well as PTS symptom severity, with the exception that psychological IPV was not significantly associated with positive emotion dysregulation. Moreover, negative and positive emotion dysregulation accounted for the relationships between all three IPV types and PTS symptom severity, with the exception of positive emotion dysregulation and psychological IPV. Our findings provide support for the potential underlying role of both negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the associations of IPV types to PTS symptom severity. Negative and positive emotion dysregulation may be important factors to integrate into interventions for PTS among women who experience IPV.

What Works to Reduce Victimization? Synthesizing What We Know and Where to Go From Here

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Fox ◽  
John A. Shjarback
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Program Evaluations ◽  
What Works ◽  
Future Program

While some attention has been paid to “what works” to reduce crime, little is known about the effectiveness of programs designed to reduce victimization. This study systematically reviews 83 program evaluations to identify what works to (a) reduce victimization, (b) enhance beliefs/attitudes about victims, and (c) improve knowledge/awareness of victimization issues. Evidence-based findings are organized around 4 major forms of victimization, including bullying, intimate partner violence, sexual abuse, and other general forms of victimization. Determining whether certain types of programs can reduce the risk of victimization has important implications for improving people’s quality of life. Based on our findings, we offer several promising directions for the next generation of research on evaluating victimization programs. The goal of this study is to improve the strength of future program evaluations, replications, and other systematic reviews as researchers and practitioners continue to learn what works to reduce victimization.

scholarly journals Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence and Risk of Migraine Among Pregnant Women: An Epidemiologic Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
Ngan Do ◽  
Samantha Avila ◽  
Juan Carlos Velez ◽  
Qiu-Yue Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Intimate Partner
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