scholarly journals Retrospective Assessment of ADHD Symptoms in Childhood

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Kivisaari ◽  
Marja Laasonen ◽  
Sami Leppämäki ◽  
Pekka Tani ◽  
Laura Hokkanen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Population Decrease

Objective: To examine the discriminatory validity of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and its five suggested subscales (Conduct Problems, Impulsivity Problems, Mood Difficulties, Inattention/Anxiety, Academic Concerns) in a Finnish sample. Method: WURS was administered to 114 adults, aged 18 to 55 years. Participants with ADHD ( n = 37) and dyslexia ( n = 36) were compared with healthy controls ( n = 41). Results: The ADHD group scored significantly higher than the control group on all subscales. Compared with the dyslexia group, the ADHD group did not differ in Mood Difficulties or Academic Concerns. Using the total score, the positive predictive value was .53 in this sample and only .21 when the prevalence of ADHD was taken into account. Conclusion: Three out of five domains of WURS are reliable indicators of ADHD. Domains with low discriminatory power, low general prevalence of ADHD, and other developmental disorders within the population decrease the accuracy.

scholarly journals Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Faltraco ◽  
Denise Palm ◽  
Adriana Uzoni ◽  
Lena Borchert ◽  
Frederick Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Circadian Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circadian Preference

AbstractA link between dopamine levels, circadian gene expression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has already been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of these relationships by measuring circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after dopamine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with ADHD. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different dopamine concentrations in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1) was analyzed via qRT-PCR. We found no statistical significant effect in the actigraphy of both groups (healthy controls, ADHD group) for mid-sleep on weekend days, mid-sleep on weekdays, social jetlag, wake after sleep onset, and total number of wake bouts. D-MEQ scores indicated that healthy controls had no evening preference, whereas subjects with ADHD displayed both definitive and moderate evening preferences. Dopamine has no effect on Per3 expression in healthy controls, but produces a significant difference in the ADHD group at ZT24 and ZT28. In the ADHD group, incubation with dopamine, either 1 µM or 10 µM, resulted in an adjustment of Per3 expression to control levels. A similar effect also was found in the expression of Per2. Statistical significant differences in the expression of Per2 (ZT4) in the control group compared to the ADHD group were found, following incubation with dopamine. The present study illustrates that dopamine impacts on circadian function. The results lead to the suggestion that dopamine may improve the sleep quality as well as ADHD symptoms by adjustment of the circadian gene expression, especially for Per2 and Per3.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem Evaluation in Children and Adolescents Suffering from ADHD

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Mazzone ◽  
Valentina Postorino ◽  
Laura Reale ◽  
Manuela Guarnera ◽  
Valeria Mannino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drug Free

Background: Several recent studies investigated the relationship between self-esteem and ADHD, however, the results are still controversial. In the present study we analyze the characteristics of self-esteem in a sample of children and adolescents suffering from ADHD, with a particular focus on the relationship between ADHD symptoms severity and treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 85 patients with ADHD (44 drug-free and 41 drug-treated, 23 of which atomoxetine-treated and 18 Methylphenidate-treated) and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in the study in order to evaluate self-esteem using the Self-esteem Multidimensional Test (TMA). Results: ADHD subjects revealed lower scores on all self-esteem domains compared to controls. Both ADHD drug-free (47.1%) and ADHD drug-treated (44.1%) groups showed significantly higher rates of subjects in the pathological range as compared to normal control group (8.8%) (p <.001) with a higher percentage of subjects in the pathological range. Among ADHD drug-treated subjects, the methylphenidate group showed higher self-esteem scores as compared to the atomoxetine group. Conclusion: A lower self-esteem profile is more common in subjects suffering from ADHD than in healthy controls, suggesting the importance of an early detection of psychological well-being in these children in order to reduce the ADHD symptoms long-term impacts.

scholarly journals Video Games in ADHD and Non-ADHD Children: Modalities of Use and Association With ADHD Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Masi ◽  
Pascale Abadie ◽  
Catherine Herba ◽  
Mutsuko Emond ◽  
Marie-Pier Gingras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Community Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adhd Children

Video game addiction in young children is relevant, but it is especially important for children with ADHD. In order to obtain more data about the use of video games by Canadian children, and in particular by ADHD children, we explored the modalities of use (playtime, addiction score and usage by age) and compared them between ADHD and non-ADHD children. We then examined associations between addiction and ADHD symptoms and explored innovative results about the gender impact. Our study was cross-sectional, multicenter in child psychiatrist departments, exploratory and descriptive. We recruited three groups of children aged 4–12 years: the ADHD Group, the Clinical-Control Group and the Community-Control Group. For each group, the material used consisted of questionnaires completed by one of the parents. Data collection took place from December 2016 to August 2018 in Montreal (n = 280). Our study highlighted a vulnerability in ADHD children: they would exhibit more addictive behaviors with respect to video games (Addiction score: 1.1025 in ADHD Group vs. 0.6802 in Community-Control Group) and prolonged periods of use. We also observed a correlation between the severity of ADHD symptoms and excessive use of video games (p = 0.000). Children with severe ADHD showed significantly higher addiction scores and, in a multiple regression analysis a combination of gender and ADHD explained the excessive use of video games.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics of ADHD According to DSM-5 Age-of-Onset Criterion in Korean Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyeop Lee ◽  
Kee Jeong Park ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Lee ◽  
Hyo-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Dsm 5

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features and neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with ADHD according to the age-of-onset defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Method: We compared the following three groups: early-onset ADHD group (onset before age 7, n = 86), late-onset ADHD group (onset between ages 7 and 12, n = 58), and the control group ( n = 88). Results: Both early-onset and late-onset ADHD groups had more symptoms and functional impairments than the control group. Also, both ADHD groups scored higher on ADHD Rating Scale, Parent General Behavior Inventory, majority of the subscales of Social Responsiveness Scale, Hyperactivity subscale of Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children, and Omission Errors of Visual Continuous Performance Test compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results support the extension of age-of-onset criterion made in DSM-5.

scholarly journals Parenting practices of Singaporean mothers of children with ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Alefiya Nomanbhoy ◽  
Russell Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Parenting Strategies ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Care Giving

Objectives: We wanted to determine: (1) whether ADHD symptoms were more common in mothers of children with ADHD; (2) whether mothers of children with ADHD differed in their parenting strategies; and (3) whether there was a difference in care-giving arrangements for children with ADHD and without ADHD. This was done by comparing mothers of children with ADHD with mothers of children without ADHD in Singapore. Methods: Mothers of children with ADHD ( n=46) and mothers of children without ADHD ( n=45) completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised, the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self Report and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Results: Mothers of children with ADHD did not report higher levels of current ADHD symptoms compared with the control group. However, they did use less adaptive parenting strategies. There were also no differences in the reported behaviours of children cared for by a paid worker and those cared for by mothers. Conclusions: Data support the Singapore Clinical Guidelines recommendations for the promotion of parenting skills, and referral to parenting programmes for parents of children with ADHD. The promotion of parenting skills and referral to parenting programmes for mothers of children with ADHD might include the option of electronic forms of programme delivery. The model of using paid help in the home, which is commonplace in Singapore, does not seem to disadvantage children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Public perceptions of adult ADHD: Indications of stigma?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmet Godfrey ◽  
Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽  
Lara Tucha ◽  
Marah Butzbach ◽  
Matthias Weisbrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractStigmatization represents a major barrier to treatment seeking across mental disorders. Despite this, stigma research on individual mental disorders remains in its infancy. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults also represents an under-researched area—being far less studied than its child counterpart. This study examined the current state of public perceptions towards adult ADHD. A simulation group consisting of 105 participants performed the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) and Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) as though they had ADHD. These scores were compared to a group consisting of 98 individuals with adult ADHD and a group of 117 healthy individuals both groups being instructed to complete the WFIRS and CAARS to the best of their abilities. Simulators were found to overestimate impairments in adult ADHD (to a large effect) in the domains of hyperactivity, DSM-IV hyperactivity-impulsivity, DSM-IV total, work, school, (to a medium effect) in family and social, and (to a negligible-small effect) in inattention, impulsivity, DSM-IV inattention, and life skills when compared to the ADHD group, and in all domains (to a large effect) when compared to the control group. Current and retrospective ADHD symptoms were found to be associated with more accurate perceptions in a number of domains. Evidence for the presence of perceptions considered to be stigmatizing was found, with largest effects present in the domains of hyperactivity, impulsivity, impairments at work, school, and engagement in risky behaviour.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of a Test for ADHD Based on Binocular Rivalry

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽  
J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova ◽  
Manuel Moreno-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Medina-Peña ◽  
Juan Jairo Ortiz-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Two Factors

AbstractThe psychometric properties of a Binocular Rivalry (BR)-based test on a group of 159 participants (57 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) aged between 6 and 15 years are presented. Two factors, which explained 56.82% of the variance, were obtained by exploratory factor analysis: (a) Alternations and Duration of exclusive dominances, and (b) Decision time. Reliability was excellent (Cronbach’s α = .834 and .884). The ADHD group showed fewer alternations and longer duration of dominances and decision time than the control group. Correlations between measures of BR, IQ, working memory, and processing speed of the WISC-IV, and ADHD symptoms, assessed by parents and teachers, ranged between low and medium.

Retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD symptoms for diagnosis in adults: validity of a short 8-item version of the Wender-Utah Rating Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjani Das ◽  
Jorge I. Vélez ◽  
Maria T. Acosta ◽  
Maximilian Muenke ◽  
Mauricio Arcos-Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Wender Utah Rating Scale ◽  
Retrospective Assessment

Quality of Life Among Children and Adolescents With Tourette Disorder and Comorbid ADHD: A Clinical Controlled Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Erbilgin Gün ◽  
Ayse Kilincaslan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Family Assessment Device ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Comorbid Adhd

Objective: To examine (a) the quality of life (QOL) in children with Tourette’s disorder (TD) and ADHD (TD + ADHD) compared with ADHD without tics (ADHD alone) and (b) the effects of the severity of tics, ADHD symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, and family functioning on QOL. Method: The assessments included the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, ADHD Rating Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Family Assessment Device. Results: The TD + ADHD group had poorer psychosocial QOL. Agreement between child and parent ratings was higher in the TD + ADHD group, and children reported higher scores than their parents in both groups. Severity of tics and ADHD symptoms had stronger negative associations with parent-reported than child-reported QOL. Significant positive correlations were detected between QOL and family functioning in both groups. Conclusion: Children with TD + ADHD have lower QOL than their peers with ADHD alone. Family functioning seems to affect QOL in both groups.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Richarte ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽  
Montserrat Corrales ◽  
Christian Fadeuilhe ◽  
Laura Vilar-Ribó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractCompelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific gut microbiome signatures for the disorder remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on the pediatric form of the disorder and involved small sample sizes, we conducted the largest study to date to compare the gastrointestinal microbiome composition in 100 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 100 sex-matched healthy controls. We found evidence that ADHD subjects have differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the family level, our data support a lower relative abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and higher levels of Selenomonadaceae and Veillonellaceae in adults with ADHD. In addition, the ADHD group showed higher levels of Dialister and Megamonas and lower abundance of Anaerotaenia and Gracilibacter at the genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% of the variance of ADHD, and this microbial signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 71% for distinguishing between ADHD patients and healthy controls. We also tested whether the selected genera correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), or scores of the ADHD rating scale but found no evidence of correlation between genera relative abundance and any of the selected traits. These results are in line with recent studies supporting gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopment disorders, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota on the ADHD across the lifespan and its contribution to the persistence of the disorder from childhood to adulthood.

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