The Features of Comorbidity of Childhood ADHD in Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Objective: Our aim is to investigate the impact of childhood ADHD comorbidity on the clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: Ninety-five adult outpatients with a diagnosis of OCD were assessed by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version, ADHD module, and the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Patients with or without childhood ADHD were compared in terms of the sociodemographic and clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and rating scales. Results: The rate of episodic course of OCD ( p < .001), religious and sexual obsessions ( p = .009, p = .020, respectively), lifetime comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD), social anxiety disorder (SAD; p = .001, p = .009, respectively), and tic disorder (TD) comorbidity ( p < .001) were higher in the OCD + ADHD group than in the OCD without ADHD group. Conclusion: Childhood ADHD may be associated with higher rates of BD, SAD, and TD comorbidity and episodic course of OCD as well as higher frequency of certain types of obsessions.

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Obsessive-compulsive Disorder with Comorbid Bipolar Disorders: Clinical Features and Treatment Implications

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171108145127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (41) ◽

pp. 5722-5730 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Federico Mucci ◽

Cristina Toni ◽

Ettore Favaretto ◽

Giulia Vannucchi ◽

Donatella Marazziti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Mood Stabilizers ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Episodic Course ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Depressive Episodes

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms within the context of a bipolar disorder (BD) have been described since the 19th century. Interestingly, the existence of a relevant overlap between the aforementioned psychiatric syndromes has been confirmed by a number of recent epidemiological and family studies. Aims: The aim of the present paper is to review the clinical features and the therapeutic implications of the OCD-BD comorbidity. Discussion: In the last two decades, the frequent association between OCD and BD has been earning a growing interest given its relevant nosological and therapeutic implications. Usually patients suffering from OCD-BD comorbidity show a peculiar clinical course, characterized by a larger number of concomitant depressive episodes and episodic course. In these cases, the treatment with antidepressants is more likely to elicit hypomanic or manic switches, while mood stabilizers significantly improve the overall clinical picture. Moreover, OCD-BD patients are frequently comorbid with a number of other psychiatric disorders, in particular anxiety disorders, social phobia, and different substance abuses, such as alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and sedatives. Conclusions: BD-OCD comorbidity needs further investigations in order to provide more solid evidences to give patients a more precise clinical diagnosis and a more targeted therapeutic approach.

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Prevalence of suicide attempt and clinical characteristics of suicide attempters with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a report from the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS)

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852917000177 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bernardo Dell’Osso ◽

Beatrice Benatti ◽

Chiara Arici ◽

Carlotta Palazzo ◽

A. Carlo Altamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

International College ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with variable risk of suicide and prevalence of suicide attempt (SA). The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of SA and associated sociodemographic and clinical features in a large international sample of OCD patients.MethodsA total of 425 OCD outpatients, recruited through the International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) network, were assessed and categorized in groups with or without a history of SA, and their sociodemographic and clinical features compared through Pearson’s chi-squared and t tests. Logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of the collected data on the SA variable.Results14.6% of our sample reported at least one SA during their lifetime. Patients with an SA had significantly higher rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders (60 vs. 17%, p<0.001; particularly tic disorder), medical disorders (51 vs. 15%, p<0.001), and previous hospitalizations (62 vs. 11%, p<0.001) than patients with no history of SA. With respect to geographical differences, European and South African patients showed significantly higher rates of SA history (40 and 39%, respectively) compared to North American and Middle-Eastern individuals (13 and 8%, respectively) (χ2=11.4, p<0.001). The logistic regression did not show any statistically significant predictor of SA among selected independent variables.ConclusionsOur international study found a history of SA prevalence of ~15% in OCD patients, with higher rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities and previous hospitalizations in patients with a previous SA. Along with potential geographical influences, the presence of the abovementioned features should recommend additional caution in the assessment of suicide risk in OCD patients.

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Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies ◽

10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101-120

Author(s):

Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽

Orçun YORULMAZ ◽

Gülşah DURNA

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Community Sample ◽

Case Vignette ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

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Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Lifelong Learning ◽

10.11118/lifele201707027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 7-25

Author(s):

Karolina Diallo

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

School Performance ◽

School Environment ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

The Past ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Over the past twenty years childhood OCD has received more attention than any other anxiety disorder that occurs in the childhood. The increasing interest and research in this area have led to increasing number of diagnoses of OCD in children and adolescents, which affects both specialists and teachers. Depending on the severity of symptoms OCD has a detrimental effect upon child's school performance, which can lead almost to the impossibility to concentrate on school and associated duties. This article is devoted to the obsessive-compulsive disorder and its specifics in children, focusing on the impact of this disorder on behaviour, experience and performance of the child in the school environment. It mentions how important is the role of the teacher in whose class the pupil with this diagnosis is and it points out that it is necessary to increase teachers' competence to identify children with OCD symptoms, to take the disease into the account, to adapt the course of teaching and to introduce such measures that could help children reduce the anxiety and maintain (or increase) the school performance within and in accordance with the school regulations and curriculum.

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Experiences of Mental Distress during COVID-19: Thematic Analysis of Discussion Forum Posts for Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Illness Crisis & Loss ◽

10.1177/10541373211023951 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105413732110239

Author(s):

G. Brewer ◽

L. Centifanti ◽

J. Castro Caicedo ◽

G. Huxley ◽

C. Peddie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Discussion Forum ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Care Workers ◽

Positive Experiences ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coronavirus patients, health care workers, and the general population is clear. Relatively few studies have, however, considered the impact of the pandemic on those with pre-existing mental health conditions. Therefore, the present study investigates the personal experiences of those with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19. We conducted a qualitative study utilising Reddit discussion forum posts. We conducted three separate thematic analyses from 130 posts in subreddit forums aimed for people identifying with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We identified a number of similar discussion forum themes (e.g., COVID-19 intensifying symptoms and a lack of social support), as well as themes that were unique to each forum type (e.g., hyperawareness and positive experiences during the pandemic). Findings should guide future practice and the support provided to those living with mental distress.

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Clinical features of bipolar disordered subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/0924-9338(96)89099-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 348s ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Krüger ◽

P. Bräunig ◽

R.G. Cooke

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms is Related to Self-Directedness Character Trait in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900002789 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Carlos Cruz-Fuentes ◽

Claudia Blas ◽

Laura Gonzalez ◽

Beatriz Camarena ◽

Humberto Nicolini

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Character Trait ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Temperament And Character Inventory ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Character Inventory

ABSTRACT:Objective:The present study examined the psychobiological Temperament and Character model of personality on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, as well as the relation of temperament and/or character dimensions on the severity of obsessive-compubive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-four subjects diagnosed with OCD, were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale and the Hamilton Rating Scales for depression and anxiety.Results:Compared with controls, OCD subjects displayed increased harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness. Low self-directedness and high Hamilton depression scores were associated with increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Conclusions:The Temperament and Character profile of OCD patients characterized in the present stud personality model and can be linked to some of their behavioral features. Furthermore, our data provides support of the influence that some personality traits may have on the severity of OCD symptoms.

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Clinical features associated to refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.019 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 94 (1-3) ◽

pp. 199-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Y FERRAO ◽

R SHAVITT ◽

N BEDIN ◽

M DEMATHIS ◽

A CARLOSLOPES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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How New Technologies Can Improve Prediction, Assessment, and Intervention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e-OCD): Review

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/11643 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e11643 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Florian Ferreri ◽

Alexis Bourla ◽

Charles-Siegfried Peretti ◽

Tomoyuki Segawa ◽

Nemat Jaafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

New Technologies ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

The Impact

Background New technologies are set to profoundly change the way we understand and manage psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Developments in imaging and biomarkers, along with medical informatics, may well allow for better assessments and interventions in the future. Recent advances in the concept of digital phenotype, which involves using computerized measurement tools to capture the characteristics of a given psychiatric disorder, is one paradigmatic example. Objective The impact of new technologies on health professionals’ practice in OCD care remains to be determined. Recent developments could disrupt not just their clinical practices, but also their beliefs, ethics, and representations, even going so far as to question their professional culture. This study aimed to conduct an extensive review of new technologies in OCD. Methods We conducted the review by looking for titles in the PubMed database up to December 2017 that contained the following terms: [Obsessive] AND [Smartphone] OR [phone] OR [Internet] OR [Device] OR [Wearable] OR [Mobile] OR [Machine learning] OR [Artificial] OR [Biofeedback] OR [Neurofeedback] OR [Momentary] OR [Computerized] OR [Heart rate variability] OR [actigraphy] OR [actimetry] OR [digital] OR [virtual reality] OR [Tele] OR [video]. Results We analyzed 364 articles, of which 62 were included. Our review was divided into 3 parts: prediction, assessment (including diagnosis, screening, and monitoring), and intervention. Conclusions The review showed that the place of connected objects, machine learning, and remote monitoring has yet to be defined in OCD. Smartphone assessment apps and the Web Screening Questionnaire demonstrated good sensitivity and adequate specificity for detecting OCD symptoms when compared with a full-length structured clinical interview. The ecological momentary assessment procedure may also represent a worthy addition to the current suite of assessment tools. In the field of intervention, CBT supported by smartphone, internet, or computer may not be more effective than that delivered by a qualified practitioner, but it is easy to use, well accepted by patients, reproducible, and cost-effective. Finally, new technologies are enabling the development of new therapies, including biofeedback and virtual reality, which focus on the learning of coping skills. For them to be used, these tools must be properly explained and tailored to individual physician and patient profiles.

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