Applying the Integrative Model to Predict Intention to Use Corporal Punishment Among Low-income Parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110528
Author(s):  
Hue Trong Duong
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Alternative Discipline

Child corporal punishment (CP) is associated with child physical abuse, which is a public health problem in the United States. Informed by the integrative model of behavioral prediction, this study surveyed low-income Black, Hispanic, and White parents who had children younger than 6 years old ( N = 260) to identify major risk factors that determined intention to use CP to discipline children. Structural equation modeling revealed that attitudes, descriptive norms, and perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies were associated with intention to use CP. Additionally, parents’ childhood CP frequency and past use of CP with their own children were influential distal variables that indirectly predicted CP intention. Results indicated the utility of the model in this behavioral context. Communication intervention programs targeting low-income parents should leverage perceived norms, perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies, and attitudes to change CP behavior.

Childhood Experiences and Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment: The Mediating Role of Perceived Efficacy of Alternative Discipline Strategies among Low-income Black, Hispanic, and White Parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110358
Author(s):  
Hue Trong Duong
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Alternative Discipline ◽  
White Parents

Corporal punishment (CP) is associated with harmful outcomes to child development. Favorable attitudes toward CP are a major predictor of CP use. Thus, identifying and changing factors influencing such attitudes help to prevent CP. Although research has confirmed the effect of childhood experiences of CP on attitudes toward CP, few studies have examined mechanisms underpinning this association. To fill this gap, this study investigated the role of perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies in mediating the association between childhood experiences of CP and attitudes toward CP among low-income Black, Hispanic, and White parents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 230 parents ( Mage = 31; Black = 62, Hispanic = 62; White = 106). Structural equation modeling results revealed that more positive childhood experiences of CP were associated with lower perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. In turn, lower perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies was associated with more favorable attitudes toward CP. Mediation analysis performed by the bootstrapping methods confirmed the mediating effect of perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. When race was considered, this mediation pathway was held for Hispanic and White parent groups. These results suggested that future research should pay more attention to the role of perceived efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. Additionally, public education campaigns should consider incorporating efficacy messages to effectively reduce positive attitudes toward CP among low-income parents.

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Study on Intention to Use Mobile Banking

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Rodrigo F. Malaquias ◽  
Fernanda Francielle de Oliveira Malaquias ◽  
Young Mok Ha ◽  
Yujong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Computer Self Efficacy

This is a cross-country study about intention to use mobile banking considering respondents from Brazil, South Korea, and the United States of America. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the role of an individual's computer self-efficacy ion mobile banking context. The authors employed the confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation modeling to analyze the constructs and test the hypotheses of the study. They also relied on bootstrap confidence intervals to test the statistical significance of indirect effects. This study considers a comprehensive measure for computer self-efficacy (CSE), and a direct effect of this variable on two antecedents of behavioral intention to use mobile banking was found. CSE also had an indirect effect on the intention to use mobile banking. However, the effect of computer self-efficacy was not persistent among the different sub-samples considered in this study.

The Role of Dietary Fiber in the Development and Treatment of Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Sue Y. S. Kimm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiber Intake

Childhood obesity is viewed as a public health problem in the United States because of its assumed high prevalence and increasing secular trend. The best estimate of the genetic contribution to obesity ranges from 5% to 25%. Environmental factors play a major role in obesity development. Low income and a low level of education have been associated with obesity, particularly among white women. Caloric intake as a risk factor for obesity has not been clearly established. This lack of a clear-cut association may be attributable to the problem of accurately measuring caloric intake. Several studies have linked increased total fat intake, rather than caloric intake, with obesity. Some studies have linked television viewing to obesity in children. Obesity is rare among the populations of developing countries, where dietary fiber intake is high. Explanations for the role of dietary fiber in obesity include a reduced caloric density of the foods, a slower rate of food ingestion, and possible effects on satiety. Most studies on the role of fiber in the treatment of obesity have been somewhat limited by lack of comparison groups, inadequate sample sizes, and short durations of the observations. However, although limited, the available evidence suggests that fiber potentially could play a useful role in weight reduction. For children, fiber administration should be considered as an adjuvant therapy rather than a primary modality, because fiber might aid in promoting satiety during meals and curbing hunger between meals. More research is needed, however, to assess further the efficacy of high-fiber diets in the treatment of childhood obesity. For now, however, increasing dietary fiber as a part of a health-promoting dietary pattern presents an attractive public health possibility as a means for prevention of chronic diseases. Preventing childhood obesity could be a part of the health benefit resulting from a population-based recommendation for optimal fiber intake.

scholarly journals Individual, family, and culture level contributions to child physical abuse and neglect: A longitudinal study in nine countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1417-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
Jennifer Godwin ◽  
Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado ◽  
Arnaldo Zelli ◽  
Suha M. Al-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
International Context ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

AbstractThis study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N= 1,418 families,Mage of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estimated to examine predictors of (a) within-family differences across the three time points, (b) between-family within-culture differences, and (c) between-cultural group differences in mothers' and fathers' reports of corporal punishment and children's reports of their parents' neglect. These analyses addressed to what extent mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment and children's perceptions of their parents' neglect were predicted by parents' belief in the necessity of using corporal punishment, parents' perception of the normativeness of corporal punishment in their community, parents' progressive parenting attitudes, parents' endorsement of aggression, parents' education, children's externalizing problems, and children's internalizing problems at each of the three levels. Individual-level predictors (especially child externalizing behaviors) as well as cultural-level predictors (especially normativeness of corporal punishment in the community) predicted corporal punishment and neglect. Findings are framed in an international context that considers how abuse and neglect are defined by the global community and how countries have attempted to prevent abuse and neglect.

scholarly journals Inflammation Mediates the Relationship Between BMI and Serum Ferritin Among Women With Normal to High BMI in Azerbaijan but Not Malawi: BRINDA Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1023
Author(s):  
Jennie Davis ◽  
Charles Arnold ◽  
Anne Williams ◽  
Parminder Suchdev ◽  
Melissa Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Objectives Considering the known metabolic relationships between adiposity, inflammation, and iron status, we examined whether inflammation mediates the relationship between BMI and serum ferritin (SF) concentration among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) with normal to high BMI in a low-income country (Malawi) and an upper-middle income country (Azerbaijan). Methods Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project. Women with underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), pregnancy, or a positive malaria test were excluded (total for analysis: Malawi, n = 594; Azerbaijan, n = 2528). Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the proportion of women with overweight/obesity (OwOb, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), any inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] >5 μg/L or α-1-acid glycoprotein [AGP] >1 g/L), and iron deficiency (inflammation-adjusted SF < 15 μg/L). The relationship between BMI and unadjusted SF concentration and potential mediation by CRP and AGP was assessed separately in each country via structural equation modeling procedures, accounting for the complex survey designs. Results In Malawi, the proportion of women with OwOb was 16%, inflammation 12%, and inflammation-adjusted iron deficiency 14% (12% unadjusted). In Azerbaijan, the proportions were: 57%, 35%, and 45% (31% unadjusted), respectively. In Malawi, BMI was not associated with SF concentration (P = 0.65). In Azerbaijan, a 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 3.3% (95% CI: 2.5, 4.3) increase in SF concentration. Approximately 61% of this relationship was mediated by CRP and AGP, of which 46% was via CRP and 15% via AGP. Conclusions Iron status is commonly adjusted for inflammation in populations with high expected burden of undernutrition and infectious disease. Considering that obesity is a source of inflammation, these data suggest that measurement and adjustment for inflammation may improve assessment of iron status in populations in which OwOb is common. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, HarvestPlus, and the United States Agency for International Development.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Resilience in Adolescence: Prospective Self Moderates the Association of Early Life Adversity with Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Zinn ◽  
Edward Huntley ◽  
Daniel Keating
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Latent Construct

Introduction. Early life adversity (ELA) can result in negative health-outcomes, including psychopathology. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical developmental period for processing ELA. Identity formation, which is crucial to this developmental period, may moderate the effect between ELA and psychopathology. One potential moderating variable associated with identity formation is Prospective Self, a latent construct comprised of future-oriented attitudes and behaviors.Methods. Participants are from the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study designed to characterize behavioral and cognitive correlates of risk behavior trajectories. A community sample of 10th and 12th grade adolescents (N = 2017, 55% female) were recruited from nine public school districts across eight Southeastern Michigan counties in the United States. Data were collected in schools during school hours or after school via self-report, computer-administered surveys. Structural equation modeling was used in the present study to assess Prospective Self as a latent construct and to evaluate the relationship between ELA, psychopathology, and Prospective Self.Results. Preliminary findings indicated a satisfactory fit for the construct Prospective Self. The predicted negative associations between Prospective Self and psychopathology were found and evidence of moderation was observed for externalizing behavior problems, such that the effects of ELA were lower for individuals with higher levels of Prospective Self. Conclusion. These results support the role of Prospective Self in conferring resilience against externalizing behavior problems associated with ELA among adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Self-concept, Adolescent Health, Early Life Adversity

Analyzing Factors Influencing Behavior Intention to Use Snapchat and Instagram Stories

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Valiant Coa ◽  
Johan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Behavioral Intention To Use

Snapchat, and Instagram are two social networks which recently gain their users after adopting such a feature called "Story" which allows a certain post to be disappeared after a certain time. This research takes up this technology trends analyzing the factors that probably affect the behavioral intention to use Snapchat and Instagram stories among generation Z. Factors are analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, with basis model and variables from Technology Acceptance Model. Data collection was targeted to finished within 1 week using online questionnaire with respondent from Jakarta and Tangerang for 100 respondent that are using both Snapchat stories and Instagram Stories. There are two tools researcher usually use to analyze Structural Equation Modeling: SPSS AMOS and LISREL. In this research, researchers choose AMOS. From six hypothesis proposed for Snapchat analysis, four hypothesis is accepted, while the other two are rejected. Meanwhile, on Instagram Stories analysis, five hypothesis is accepted and one hypothesis is rejected. This study finds out the Social Presence is an exogenous variable which has a major role in affecting other variables. While Perceived Enjoyment influenced the behavioral intention to use Snapchat and Instagram Stories the most. Index Terms—Structural Equation Modeling, Technology Acceptance Model, influence, generation Z, Snapchat, Instagram REFERENCES [1] L. Chin and Z. Ahmad, "Perceived Enjoyment and Malaysian Consumers’ Intention to Use a Single Platform EPayment", SHS Web of Conferences, vol. 18, 2015. [2] M. Ariff, T. Shan, N. Zakuan, N. Ishak and M. Wahi, "Examining Users' E-Satisfaction in the Usage of Social Networking Sites; Contribution from Utilitarian and Hedonic Information Systems", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 58, 2014. [3] K. Hassanein and M. Head, "Manipulating perceived social presence through the web interface and its impact on attitude towards online shopping", International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 689-708, 2007. [4] P. Surendran, "Technology Acceptance Model: A Survey of Literature", 2012. [5] F. Davis, "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology", MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 319, 1989

scholarly journals Postpartum depression symptoms in survey-based research: a structural equation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Wan Jasimah Bt Wan Mohamed Radzi ◽  
Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi ◽  
Nadia Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Since the last decade, postpartum depression (PPD) has been recognized as a significant public health problem, and several factors have been linked to PPD. Mothers at risk are rarely undetected and underdiagnosed. Our study aims to determine the factors leading to symptoms of depression using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. In this research, we introduced a new framework for postpartum depression modeling for women. Methods We structured the model of this research to take into consideration the Malaysian culture in particular. A total of 387 postpartum women have completed the questionnaire. The symptoms of postpartum depression were examined using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and they act as a dependent variable in this research model. Results Four hundred fifty mothers were invited to participate in this research. 86% of the total distributed questionnaire received feedback. The majority of 79.6% of respondents were having depression symptoms. The highest coefficients of factor loading analysis obtained in every latent variable indicator were income (β = 0.77), screen time (β = 0.83), chips (β = 0.85), and anxiety (β = 0.88). Lifestyle, unhealthy food, and BMI variables were directly affected by the dependent variable. Based on the output, respondents with a high level of depression symptoms tended to consume more unhealthy food and had a high level of body mass indexes (BMI). The highest significant impact on depression level among postpartum women was unhealthy food consumption. Based on our model, the findings indicated that 76% of the variances stemmed from a variety of factors: socio-demographics, lifestyle, healthy food, unhealthy food, and BMI. The strength of the exogenous and endogenous variables in this research framework is strong. Conclusion The prevalence of postpartum women with depression symptoms in this study is considerably high. It is, therefore, imperative that postpartum women seek medical help to prevent postpartum depressive symptoms from worsening.

scholarly journals Multilevel Pathways of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income Vietnamese Americans: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110110
Author(s):  
Grace X. Ma ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Timmy R. Lin ◽  
Yin Tan ◽  
Phuong Do
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Vietnamese Americans ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Crc Screening

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately affects Vietnamese Americans, especially those with low income and were born outside of the United States. CRC screening tests are crucial for prevention and early detection. Despite the availability of noninvasive, simple-to-conduct tests, CRC screening rates in Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, remain suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interplay of multilevel factors – individual, interpersonal, and community – on CRC screening behaviors among low-income Vietnamese Americans with limited English proficiency. Methods: This study is based on the Sociocultural Health Behavior Model, a research-based model that incorporates 6 factors associated with decision-making and health-seeking behaviors that result in health care utilization. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we recruited 801 Vietnamese Americans from community-based organizations. We administered a survey to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and CRC screening-related factors. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify direct and indirect predictors of lifetime CRC screening. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed that a greater number of respondents who never screened for CRC reported limited English proficiency, fewer years of US residency, and lower self-efficacy related to CRC screening. The SEM model identified self-efficacy (coefficient = 0.092, P < .01) as the only direct predictor of lifetime CRC screening. Educational attainment (coefficient = 0.13, P < .01) and health beliefs (coefficient = 0.040, P < .001) had a modest significant positive relationship with self-efficacy. Health beliefs (coefficient = 0.13, P < .001) and educational attainment (coefficient = 0.16, P < .01) had significant positive relationships with CRC knowledge. Conclusions: To increase CRC screening uptake in medically underserved Vietnamese American populations, public health interventions should aim to increase community members’ confidence in their abilities to screen for CRC and to navigate associated processes, including screening preparation, discussions with doctors, and emotional complications.

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