Evaluation of cranial tibial and extensor carpi radialis reflexes before and after anesthetic block in cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Alberto Tudury ◽  
Marcella Luiz de Figueiredo ◽  
Thaiza Helena Tavares Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Martins Araújo ◽  
Marília de Albuquerque Bonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Group 1

Objectives This study aimed to test the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats before and after anesthetic block of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus, respectively, to determine whether they depend on a myotatic reflex arc. Methods Fifty-five cats with a normal neurologic examination that were referred for elective gonadectomy were divided into group 1 (29 cats) for testing the extensor carpi radialis reflex, and group 2 (26 cats) for testing the cranial tibial reflex. In group 1, the extensor carpi radialis reflex was tested after anesthetic induction and 15 mins after brachial plexus block with lidocaine. In group 2, the cranial tibial, withdrawal and patellar reflexes were elicited in 52 hindlimbs and retested 15 mins after epidural anesthesia. Results In group 1, before the anesthetic block, 55.17% of the cats had a decreased and 44.83% had a normal extensor carpi radialis reflex. After the block, 68.96% showed a decreased and 27.59% a normal reflex. No cat had an increased or absent reflex before anesthetic block. In group 2, prior to the anesthetic block, 15.38% of the cats had a decreased cranial tibial reflex and 84.62% had a normal response, whereas after the block it was decreased in 26.92% and normal in 73.08% of the cats. None of the cats had an increased or absent reflex. Regarding the presence of both reflexes before and after anesthetic block, there was no significant difference at 1% ( P = 0.013). Conclusions and relevance The extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial reflexes in cats are not strictly myotatic reflexes, as they are independent of the reflex arc, and may be idiomuscular responses. Therefore, they are not reliable for neurologic examination in this species.

Attitude of the Canine in Secondary Bone-Grafted and Nongrafted Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhtuvshin Gereltzul ◽  
Yoshiyuki Baba ◽  
Kimie Ohyama
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

Objective To investigate the eruption pattern of the cleft-side canine regarding its pre-eruption position relative to the cleft in bone-grafted (BG) and nongrafted (NonBG) patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods Fifty-three patients with cleft lip and palate (21 BG, 32 NonBG) were examined by panoramic radiography and posteroanterior cephalography taken before and after canine eruption. Subjects were categorized into BG, NonBG, and control groups. Canines at the pre-eruption stage were categorized as close to (group 1) or distant from (group 2) the cleft area. The canine angle and its change between the two stages were evaluated. Results No significant differences were noted between the initial canine angle of the BG and NonBG groups. Although canines in the BG group erupted without a significant change in angle, the canine angle increased significantly (p < .0001) in the NonBG and control groups. In group 1, a greater change in canine angle was noted in the NonBG (p < .05) and control (p < .01) groups than in the BG group. In group 2, no significant difference was noted among the three groups. Conclusions In BG patients, a canine located near the cleft appears to erupt at the same angle as it had before grafting. However, in NonBG patients, it erupts more vertically, guided by cortical bone. For canines distant from the cleft area, there is no significant difference in the change in angulation between NonBG and BG patients.

scholarly journals Orthosiphon versus Placebo in Nephrolithiasis with Multiple Chronic Complaints: A Randomized Control Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amorn Premgamone ◽  
Pote Sriboonlue ◽  
Srinoi Maskasem ◽  
Wattana Ditsataporncharoen ◽  
Bungornsri Jindawong
Keyword(s):  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Primary Measure ◽  
Group 1

Nephrolithiasis in the communities of Northeast Thailand frequently presents with multiple chronic health complaints, i.e. myofascial pain, back pain, dyspepsia, arthralgia, headache, fatigue, frank paresthesia, dysuria and any of these aggravated by purine-rich food (PRF). We assessed the efficacy of Orthosiphon in treating subjects with at least two active symptoms and negative for urine white blood cells. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. Crude extract of Orthosiphon given in a capsule (equivalent to 1.6–1.8 g of dried leaves of Orthosiphon) two times a day to Group 1 (n= 36) and a placebo to Group 2 (n= 40) for 14 days. The medication for each subject was packed and its code kept secret until the data analysis. Both groups were asked not to consume any of 25 purine-rich foods (PRFs) during treatment. The primary measure was the reduced sum of active severity symptoms as recorded using the visual analog scale before and after therapy (i.e. on day 7 and 14). The data on 76 subjects were processed. The mean of the total scores (95% CI) of the symptoms in each group were decreased significantly (P< 0.001); 185.6 (153.3, 218.0) to 94.7 (58.2, 131.2) in the Orthosiphon group and 196.1 (164.4, 227.8) to 89.6 (62.8, 116.5) in the placebo group. When comparing between groups, no statistically significant difference was found. The mean consumption in PRFs was significantly decreased (P< 0.001) in both groups; however, Orthosiphon did not have additional benefit over placebo at 7 and 14 days of treatment during which they reduced these foods.

scholarly journals Effects of Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine with Epinephrine in Ultrasound Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4181
Author(s):  
Anil Ranganath ◽  
Tomas Hitka ◽  
Gabriella Iohom
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Axillary Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Group 1

This study evaluated the effects of adding adjuvant clonidine to lidocaine with epinephrine on the characteristics of ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB) for upper extremity surgery. Twenty-four patients were randomised to receive an ultrasound guided ABPB with 20 mL of lidocaine 2% with 1:200,000 epinephrine plus 2 mL of either normal saline 0.9% (Group 1) or a mixture of clonidine 1 µg/kg and normal saline 0.9% (Group 2). The outcome measures that were recorded were the overall onset time and the duration of sensory and motor block. The median (IQR) overall onset time of sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in Group 2 vs. Group 1 (5 (5–7.5) min vs. 10 (8.8–12.5) min; p < 0.001) and (5 (2.5–7.5) min vs. 7.5 (6.3–7.5) min; p = 0.001), respectively. The median (IQR) overall duration of sensory and motor block was significantly longer in Group 2 vs. Group 1 (225 (200–231) min vs. 168 (148–190) min; p < 0.001) and (225 (208–231) min vs. 168(148–186) min; p < 0.001), respectively. In ultrasound-guided ABPB, the addition of clonidine to lidocaine with epinephrine resulted in shorter onset time and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block.

scholarly journals Effects of local anaesthetic dilution on the characteristics of ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block: a randomised controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Ranganath ◽  
Osman Ahmed ◽  
Gabriella Iohom
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Axillary Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Group 1

Aims: Ultrasound guidance has led to marked improvement in the success rate and characteristics of peripheral nerve blocks. However, effects of varying the volume or concentration of a fixed local anaesthetic dose on nerve block remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether at a fixed dose of lidocaine, altering the volume and concentration will have any effect on the onset time of ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block.Material and methods: Twenty patients were randomised to receive an ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block with either lidocaine 2% with epinephrine (20 ml, Group 2%) or lidocaine 1% with epinephrine (40 ml, Group 1%). The primary endpoint was block onset time. Secondary outcomes included duration of the block, performance time, number of needle passes, incidence of paraesthesia and vascular puncture.Results: The median [IQR] onset time of surgical anaesthesia was shorter in Group 1% when compared to Group 2% (6.25 [5-7.5] min vs 8.75 [7.5-10] min; p=0.03). The mean (SD) overall duration of surgical anaesthesia was significantly shorter in Group 1% compared to Group 2% (150.9±17.2 min vs 165.1±5.9 min; p=0.02). Group 1% had a shorter performance time with fewer needle passes. The incidence of vascular puncture and paraesthesia was similar in the two groups.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocks performed using a higher volume of lower concentration lidocaine was associated with shorter onset time and duration of surgical anaesthesia.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN LONCAT NAIK TURUN TRIBUN DAN PELATIHAN LONCAT NAIK TURUN BANGKU MENINGKATKAN DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI PADA PESERTA EKSTRA KURIKULER BOLA VOLI PUTRA SMA NEGERI 1 TEGALLALANG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Budi Sudarsana ◽  
J. Alex Pangkahila ◽  
Bagus Komang Satriyasa ◽  
Wayan Weta ◽  
I Nengah Sandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the increase in limb muscle explosive power. The training was conducted with 5 reps of 3 sets over six weeks in the field of Tegallalang 1 Public High School starting at 17.00 WITA until completion. In this study using 2 groups, namely the 1st group given jump training up and down the stands, the 2nd group was given jump training up and down the bench. The sample for each group is 8 people who have met the requirements of the male volleyball extra-curricular participants of Tegallalang 1 Public High School. Data from leg muscle explosive results obtained from 3 jumps taken before and after training. The results obtained before and after the Group-1 training were 57.5 cm to 70.875 cm and Group-2 were 57.375 cm to 65.75 cm. Hypothesis testing uses an independent t-test at a significance limit of 0.05 (p <0.05). Based on the differences in the results of the intergroup test analysis using independent t-test obtained group-1 and group-2 for p = 0.935 which showed no significant difference before being given treatment with a p value greater than 0.05. Whereas after treatment the group-1 and group-2 were obtained at p = 0.007 which showed a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 groups with a p value smaller than 0.05. It can be concluded that jumping up and down the stands is more effective than jump training up and down the bench in increasing the explosive power of the leg muscles. For this reason, it is expected that sports coaches to apply jumping up and down the stands as an alternative in increasing athletes' explosive power.Keywords: Training jumping up and down the stands, training jumping up and down the bench, explosive muscle power.

scholarly journals Effect of brachial plexus block on the incidence of arterial hypotension and bradycardia events during shoulder arthroscopy in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Trukhin ◽  
Dmitrii V. Zabolotskii ◽  
Viktor A. Koriachkin ◽  
Oleg V. Kuleshov ◽  
Kirill I. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Shoulder Arthroscopy ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Group 1

Background. The role and significance of the technical aspects of interscalene brachial plexus block in the occurrence of sudden arterial hypotension and bradycardia events during shoulder arthroscopy in a semi-sitting position are ambiguous. Aim. The study aimed to assess the effect of interscalene brachial plexus block on the incidence of hypotension-bradycardia events during shoulder arthroscopic surgery in adolescents in a semi-sitting position. Materials and methods. This retrospective analysis of anesthesia protocols included 288 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery in a semi-sitting position under the interscalene brachial plexus block. Regional blockades were performed with neurostimulation in Group 1 (n = 23), neurostimulation and ultrasound navigation without repositioning the needle in Group 2 (n = 70), and neurostimulation and ultrasound navigation with multiple precision repositioning the needle in Group 3 (n = 195). Results. Hypotension-bradycardia events were detected in 26 patients out of 288 (9%). There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of hypotension-bradycardia in all groups: 10 (43.48%) in Group 1, 15 (21.43%) in Group 2, and 1 (0.51%) in Group 3 (p = 0.000). A direct correlation between hypotension-bradycardia episodes and local anesthetic volume (r = 0.405; p 0.05), and Horners syndrome (r = 0.684, p 0.05) was found. Conclusions. Interscalene brachial plexus block with a target delivery of low volume of local anesthetic and dual navigation reduces the risk of hypotension-bradycardia. Horners syndrome can be considered an early predictor of hypotension-bradycardia events.

scholarly journals Saliva Contamination Effect on Shear Bond Strength of Self-etching Primer with Different Debond Times

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Turk ◽  
Selma Elekdag-Turk ◽  
Devrim Isci ◽  
Fethiye Cakmak ◽  
Nurhat Ozkalayci
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Contamination Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Saliva Contamination ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective: To evaluate shear bond strengths (SBSs) of a self-etching primer (SEP) following saliva contamination at different stages of bonding at debond times of 5, 15, and 30 minutes and 24 hours. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred forty human premolars were divided into four groups: group 1, uncontaminated; group 2, saliva contamination after priming; group 3, saliva contamination before priming; and group 4, saliva contamination before and after priming. Four subgroups according to debond times of 5, 15, 30 minutes and 24 hours were composed. Metal brackets were bonded with an SEP (Transbond Plus) and light-cure adhesives paste (Transbond XT). SBS values and the adhesive remnants were determined. Results: The highest SBS was obtained at a debond time of 24 hours for the control group. This was significantly different from the other groups. SBSs at 5, 15, and 30 minutes showed no significant difference from each other in the control group (P &gt; .05). Lowest SBSs were obtained at a debond time of 5 minutes for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (8.38, 7.10, 7.06, and 6.26 MPa, respectively) and were not significantly different from each other (P &gt; .05). SBSs at 24 hours were not significantly different from each other for groups 2, 3, and 4 (P &gt; .05). Significant differences were found in the adhesive remnant (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: SEP (Transbond Plus) may produce clinically acceptable bracket bonding after 5, 15, and 30 minutes from time of placement on the teeth, even with light and heavy saliva contamination.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ULTRASOUND THERAPY DAN NEUROMUSCULAR TAPING DALAM MENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL PADA KASUS OSTEOARTHRITIS LUTUT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisna Narta Dewi, A.A.N ◽  
Yudi Pramana ◽  
Eka Septian Utama, A.A.Gd ◽  
Surya Adhitya P.Gd
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Therapy ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Osteoarthritis is a complaint characterized by abnormalities in the cartilage of joints and bones nearby, this complaint is commonly felt and has become a chronic joint disease. Cartilage abnormalities will result in bones rubbing against each other, resulting in symptoms of stiffness, pain and restriction of movement in the joints that will affect the quality of functional activities performed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasound therapy and neuromuscular taping (nmt) in increasing functional activity in cases of knee osteoarthritis.Research method: The study used experimental with randomized design type pre test and post test control group design. The study was divided into 2 groups, namely group 1 would receive Ultrasound intervention and group 2 would receive Ultrasound and neuromuscular taping intervention. The number of samples in this study was 11 samples per group so that the total number of samples in the two groups was 22 respondents. Measurements of knee functional activity values were measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire.Results: Group 1 with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.05) which showed a significant difference between the value of tenderness before and after the intervention of ultrasound therapy. Group 2 obtained a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.05) indicating there was a significant difference between the value of tenderness before and after the intervention of ultrasound therapy and neuromuscular taping. The results of the calculation of the mean difference were p = 0,0001, the data showed that there was no difference in influence between groups, which means that the provision of ultrasound therapy and neuromuscular taping was no better in increasing functional activities of knee OA patients compared to ultrasound therapy.Conclusion: the provision of ultrasound therapy and neuromuscular taping is not better in increasing

scholarly journals Combination of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and statins for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 817-823
Author(s):  
Olesya A. Rubanenko ◽  
O. V. Fatenkov ◽  
S. M. Khokhlunov ◽  
A. P. Semagin ◽  
D. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To evaluate the influence of combination of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary bypass surgery (CBS). Material and methods. The study included 114 patients divided into 2 groups, one comprised of 59 ones (75,6% men of mean age 62,0±7,3 yr given conventional medication), the other including 55 patients (80,0% men of mean age 59,4±6,7 yr given omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 5 days before (2 g/d) and during 3 weeks after CBS (1 g/d)). All patients were treated with atorvastatin at the outpatient stage. IL-6,8, 10 and C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, troponin, NT-proBNP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and myeloperoxidase were measured at admittance and on day 3.7±1.4 after surgery. Results. AF developed on day 5.9±4.9 (mean) after surgery. Patients of group 2 tended to have fewer new episodes of arrhythmia although no significant difference between the groups was documented (9,1% vs 18,6%, р=0,12). Group 2 included more smokers (74,5% vs 45,8%, р=0,002) and patients with atherosclerosis of lower limb arteries (87,3% vs 71,2%, р=0,03) but fewer those consuming nitrates (39,0% vs 18,2%, р=0,01) and Ca antagonists (45,8% vs 21,8%, р=0,006).Mean dose of atorvastatin given to patients of groups 1 and 2 was 24.7±12.5 and 25.1±10.5 mg/d respectively (р=0,2), duration of its intake 14.6±12.7 and 21.5±19.3 months (р<0,001). There. was no significant difference between leukocyte count, leukogram, IL-8, IL-10, NT-proBNP, and troponin levels before and after CBS. Surgical myocardial revascularization caused a rise in leukocyte count, shifted the leukogram toward predominance of stab and segmented cells, increased IL-8, IL-10, fibrinogen, NT-proBNP, CRP, and troponin levels in both groups. IL-8 and IL-10 levels remained normal before and after surgery. Preoperative IL-6 level in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (21,7±13,0 vs 2.5±2,2 pg/ml, р<0,001). Postoperatively, the difference was absent. The CRP level before surgery was high in both groups (3122.7±2175.8 vs 3670.8±2490.0 U/g) but decreased after CBS although remained higher in group 1 (1957.6±1660.3 vs 1069.8±630.2 U/g, р<0,001). Myeloperoxidase level increased postoperatively in both groups but the difference was insignificant. Fibrinogen and CRP in the postoperative period increased more significantly in group 2 than in group 1 (4,9±1,4 vs 4,4±1,1 g/l, р=0,02 and 8,6±2,2 vs 5,4±2,3 mg/l respectively, р<0,001). Conclusion. The study revealed an insignificant decrease in the number of AF episodes in the early post-CDS period in patients treated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin compared with those given the latter medication alone. Also, fibrinogen and CRP levels as markers of inflammation increased while SOD antioxidative activity decreased.

Virtual and stereoscopic anatomy: when virtual reality meets medical education

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Weber Vieira de Faria ◽  
Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira ◽  
Leonardo de Moura Sousa Júnior ◽  
Jose Pinhata Otoch ◽  
Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Learning ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Theory Test ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to construct, implement, and evaluate an interactive and stereoscopic resource for teaching neuroanatomy, accessible from personal computers. METHODS Forty fresh brains (80 hemispheres) were dissected. Images of areas of interest were captured using a manual turntable and processed and stored in a 5337-image database. Pedagogic evaluation was performed in 84 graduate medical students, divided into 3 groups: 1 (conventional method), 2 (interactive nonstereoscopic), and 3 (interactive and stereoscopic). The method was evaluated through a written theory test and a lab practicum. RESULTS Groups 2 and 3 showed the highest mean scores in pedagogic evaluations and differed significantly from Group 1 (p < 0.05). Group 2 did not differ statistically from Group 3 (p > 0.05). Size effects, measured as differences in scores before and after lectures, indicate the effectiveness of the method. ANOVA results showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups, and the Tukey test showed statistical differences between Group 1 and the other 2 groups (p < 0.05). No statistical differences between Groups 2 and 3 were found in the practicum. However, there were significant differences when Groups 2 and 3 were compared with Group 1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that this method promoted further improvement in knowledge for students and fostered significantly higher learning when compared with traditional teaching resources.

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