scholarly journals Naturally occurring antibodies in cats against dog erythrocyte antigens and vice versa

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Priolo ◽  
Marisa Masucci ◽  
Eva Spada ◽  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Maria Grazia Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies ◽  
Cross Match ◽  
Dog Erythrocyte

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of naturally occurring antibodies against canine erythrocyte antigens in cats and vice versa. The influence of canine and feline blood type on cross-match results was also studied. Methods Blood samples from 34 cats and 42 dogs were used to perform test tube major and minor cross-match tests and blood typing. Blood from each cat was cross-matched with blood from 2–6 dogs, for a total of 111 cross-match tests. Haemolysis, macro- and microagglutination were considered markers of a positive cross-match. Results Eighty-three overall major cross-match tests were positive at 37°C, 86 at room temperature and 90 at 4°C. The minor cross-match tests were positive in all but two cross-matches performed at 37°C, all tests performed at room temperature and all but one test performed at 4°C. No cats tested totally negative at both major and minor cross-matches performed with samples from any single dog. Prevalence of warm natural antibodies against canine erythrocyte antigens was lower in type B cats than in type A cats, regardless of the blood type of donor dogs. Conclusions and relevance This study reveals a high prevalence of naturally occurring antibodies in cats against dog erythrocyte antigens and vice versa, and suggests that transfusion of cats with canine blood is not recommended as a routine procedure owing to the potential high risk of either acute severe or milder transfusion reactions.

scholarly journals High Prevalence Of Antibody Response Against Plasmodium Falciparum (Pf) Antigens In A Holoendemic Area Of Benin (1994-1995)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
S. Judith Gbenoudon Satoguina ◽  
Clemens H. Cocken ◽  
Alan W. Thomas ◽  
Jean Langhorne ◽  
Ambaliou Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Competition Elisa ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies ◽  
Very High

The present study aimed at measuring the capacity of naturally occurring antibodies to bind Pf83/AMA-1 and MSP-1/19 antigens, two malaria vaccine candidates, in an immunoassay. According to the fact that antibody prevalence reflects endemicity of malaria, we further aimed at using the results obtained here as baseline data set to follow up and evaluate the expected decline in endemicity in 2016, 8 years after the change in drug policy in Benin. Therefore, individuals, 2 – 19 and above 20 years old, living in Awansori, a malaria holoendemic area in the suburb of Cotonou, Benin were bled during the dry and raining seasons of the years 1994/1995. Antibody responses were measured using direct, indirect and competition ELISA. We found a very high prevalence of antibody responses (89 to 96%) in the studied population. The results indicate for Pf83/AMA-1, that naturally occurring antibodies bind to protective epitopes in a competition ELISA with a parasite inhibiting monoclonal antibody. The data and samples analysed here were collected during the rainy season 1994 and the following dry season 1994/1995.

Prevalence of naturally occurring antibodies against dog erythrocyte antigen 7 in a population of dog erythrocyte antigen 7–negative dogs from Spain and Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Luis Miguel Viñals Flórez ◽  
Maria del Rosario Perlado Chamizo ◽  
Blanca Serra y Gómez de la Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Erythrocyte Antigen ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies ◽  
Dog Erythrocyte

Immunogenicity of blood group antigens: a mathematical model corrected for antibody evanescence with exclusion of naturally occurring and pregnancy-related antibodies

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (19) ◽  
pp. 4279-4282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Tormey ◽  
Gary Stack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Persistence Rates ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Naturally Occurring Antibodies

Abstract Blood group antigen immunogenicity is a crucial factor in red blood cell alloimmunization. Previous calculated estimates of immunogenicity suffered from several key shortcomings. To address these issues we have (1) introduced a correction factor for antibody persistence rates into traditional immunogenicity calculations, (2) calculated immunogenicities only in men to eliminate pregnancy-related antibodies, and (3) excluded antibodies reactive only at room temperature to minimize the contribution of naturally occurring antibodies. With these corrections, we have calculated the immunogenicities of common blood group antigens using data collected on clinically significant alloantibodies (n = 452) in a male patient population. We observed a 3- to 5-fold increase in immunogenicity for some antigens (ie, Jka, Cw, Lua) and smaller changes in others compared with traditionally calculated estimates. In addition, we have calculated the transfusion-related immunogenicities of antigens traditionally associated with naturally occurring antibodies (eg, anti-Lea, -Leb, -M, and -P1).

Alloimmunisation in transfused patients: serial cross-matching in a population of hospitalised cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Hourani ◽  
Christiane Weingart ◽  
Barbara Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Compatible Blood ◽  
Cross Matching ◽  
Cross Match

Objectives Cross-matching is currently recommended as part of pre-transfusion testing for repeat transfusions in cats 4 days after having received an initial transfusion. This prospective study determined when and if cats developed positive cross-match (CM) results after having been transfused with AB-compatible blood. Methods Donors were selected according to standard transfusion safety protocols. Twenty-one hospitalised anaemic recipients (blood type A: n = 20; blood type B: n = 1) received 1–4 (median 2) whole blood transfusions (WBTs) over 1–6 days (median 2) in 33 transfusion instances. The tube CM method, including major, minor and recipient control, was employed. Macroscopic and microscopic agglutination reactions were evaluated according to a predetermined scale. CM tests with a positive recipient control could not be evaluated. Results No signs of an acute transfusion reaction were observed. A total of 63 CMs were performed. In one cat with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia the CM could not be evaluated (positive recipient control). The minor CM was negative in all cases. Fifteen of 20 cats had a negative major CM (MCM) 1–12 days (median 5) after their first transfusion. A positive MCM was observed in five cases after 2–10 days (median 5) post-first WBT. These five cats had received a total of 1–4 (median 2) WBTs. Cats with a negative MCM had received 1–3 (median 2) WBTs. In 51.5% (17/33) of transfusion instances, the cat’s haematocrit increased as expected, with cats with a positive MCM at 40% (4/10) vs 56.5% (13/23) if MCM was negative. Conclusions and relevance Twenty-five percent (5/20) of the feline recipients likely developed alloantibodies against erythrocyte antigens outside of the AB system as early as 2 days post-first WBT. This adds data to the recommendation to include cross-matching in pre-transfusion screening tests.

Naturally Occurring Organic Acid-catalyzed Facile Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one Derivatives in Water at Room Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 1778-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Arvind Singh ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Mamta Devi ◽  
Anjana Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Diastereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Column Chromatographic

A simple, straightforward and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-3-(arylimino)indolin-2-one derivatives and (E)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)- acenaphthylen-1(2H)-one. The synthesis of these biologically-significant scaffolds was achieved from the reactions of various substituted anilines and isatins or acenaphthaquinone, respectively, using commercially available, environmentally benign and naturally occurring organic acids such as mandelic acid or itaconic acid as catalyst in aqueous medium at room temperature. Mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, good to excellent yields, environmentally benign conditions, easy isolation of products, no need of column chromatographic separation and the reusability of reaction media are some of the significant features of the present protocol.

scholarly journals ABO blood types and sepsis mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theis S. Itenov ◽  
Daniel I. Sessler ◽  
Ashish K. Khanna ◽  
Sisse R. Ostrowski ◽  
Pär I. Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Blood Types

Abstract Background We aimed to determine if the ABO blood types carry different risks of 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and endothelial damage in critically ill patients with sepsis. This was a retrospective cohort study of three independent cohorts of critically ill patients from the United States and Scandinavia consisting of adults with septic shock. We compared the 30-day mortality across the blood types within each cohort and pooled the results in a meta-analysis. We also estimated the incidence of AKI and degree of endothelial damage, as measured by blood concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin and syndecan-1. Results We included 12,342 patients with severe sepsis. In a pooled analysis blood type B carried a slightly lower risk of 30-day all-cause mortality compared to non-blood type B (adjusted HR 0.88; 95%-CI 0.79–0.98; p = 0.02). There was no difference in the risk of AKI. Soluble thrombomodulin and syndecan-1 concentrations were lower in patients with blood type B and O compared to blood type A, suggesting less endothelial damage. Conclusion Septic patients with blood type B had less endothelial damage, and a small reduction in mortality. The exposure is, however, unmodifiable.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽  
Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽  
Umut Şahar ◽  
Berna Bostanbaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

Detection and characterisation of hepatitis E virus in naturally infected swine in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Lipej ◽  
Dinko Novosel ◽  
Lea Vojta ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E is a viral zoonotic disease infecting swine worldwide. Since pigs represent a likely animal reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, the epidemiology of naturally occurring hepatitis E was investigated in Croatian swine herds. Nearly all tested animals were seropositive for antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (55/60, 91.7%). Active infection was detected in all age groups by RT-PCR of viral RNA in serum (8/60, 13.3%) and bile samples (3/37, 8.1%), which was further confirmed by histopathological findings of characteristic lesions in the livers of the infected animals. Three new strains of hepatitis E virus were isolated from Croatian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis using median-joining networks clustered those Croatian strains with isolates from various parts of the world, indicating their likely origin in international trade. Similarity to human isolates implies a zoonotic potential of Croatian strains, which raises a public health concern, especially in the light of the high prevalence of hepatitis E in the herds studied.

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