Vulnerability Identification of Hajiabad Plain Aquifer: The DRASTIC Model and the GIS-Based Fuzzy Logic Method

Hajiabad plain with an area of about 158 km2 is located about 160 km north of Bandar Abbas in Iran. Due to the significance of this plain in terms of agricultural and drinking water supply in the region and the declining groundwater level in the region, the withdrawal of water resources has been prohibited in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the vulnerability of the aquifer using the DRASTIC model and the optimal method of fuzzy logic as well as the drastic method calibrated with nitrate. Finally, the final vulnerability maps were calibrated with EC values. In order to investigate the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater resources of the plain, 26 water samples were collected from designated points in different periods of the water year 2018. Water samples were analyzed in Hormozgan soil and water laboratory. Also, the results of water sample data analyzed by Hormozgan Regional Water Organization were used. Assessment of aquifer vulnerability based on vulnerability models showed that the east and parts of the center of the plain were subject to the highest vulnerability, while the southern, southwestern, and northern slopes of the plain were of the lowest vulnerability. The determined coefficients between nitrate and DRASTIC vulnerability models and fuzzy optimization were estimated to be 0.41 and 0.36, respectively. Nitrate concentration validation demonstrated that the vulnerabilities of Hajiabad plain aquifer were almost similar under both drastic model and fuzzy optimization methods.

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Exploratory assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Sordo River Basin, Northeast of Portugal

Rem Revista Escola de Minas ◽

10.1590/s0370-44672013000100007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cátia Marisa Fraga ◽

Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes ◽

Fernando António Leal Pacheco ◽

Cristina Reis ◽

João Paulo Moura

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Logarithmic Scale ◽

Watershed Scale ◽

Small Watershed ◽

Drastic Model ◽

Vulnerability Maps ◽

Basin Area ◽

Overlying Strata

Two simple methods of aquifer vulnerability assessment were used in this study: the GOD and AVI methods. The main purpose was to appraise their faithfulness as exploratory techniques, and their applicability to the scale of a small watershed. The study area was the Sordo River Basin (area: 50 km2), located in the Northeast of Portugal. To measure accuracy, model results were compared with vulnerability maps previously obtained for the basin, but using the standard DRASTIC model. Results of the GOD method were a map dominated by class "low vulnerability" where parameter O (overlying strata) imprinted its signature, very similar to the DRASTIC map but with smaller resolution. The method was considered valuable for exploration of primary factors of aquifer vulnerability (e.g. discrimination between water table and confined aquifers) but not for description of secondary factors (e.g. nuances in the degree of confinement). The application of the AVI method was proven inefficient because the resulting map indicated the presence of a single unrealistic class ("extremely high vulnerability"). The reason was that AVI results are evaluated on a logarithmic scale, which is appropriate for studies at regional scales where the settings are very diverse, but inappropriate for studies on the small watershed scale.

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Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques

Water ◽

10.3390/w13162144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2144

Author(s):

Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah ◽

Jianguo Yan ◽

Israr Ullah ◽

Bilal Aslam ◽

Aqil Tariq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use Planning ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Drastic Model ◽

Drastic Index ◽

Electrical Sounding ◽

Definition Of ◽

Treatment Policies

Vulnerability analysis in areas vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution has become a key element of sensible resource management and land use planning. This study is intended to estimate aquifer vulnerability using the DRASTIC model and using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical conductivity (EC) outcomes. The model allows for the identification of hydrogeological environments within the scope of the research, based on a composite definition of each environment’s main geological, geoelectrical, and hydrogeological factors. The results from the DRASTIC model were divided into four equal intervals, high, medium, low, and very low drastic index values. The SW area and NE area depict drastic index values from medium to very high, making it the most vulnerable zone in the study area, while the NW and SW areas show low to very low drastic index values. In addition, the results from the VES and EC the freshwater aquifer in the NE area and brackish water in the SE area, while the rest of the area falls into the category of brackish water. Overall, it can be concluded that areas having freshwater assemblages are on the verge of becoming contaminated in the future while the rest of the NW and SW areas constitute less vulnerable zones. The validation conducted for DRASTIC and EC shows a nearly positive correlation. Wastewater treatment policies must be developed throughout the studied region to prevent contamination of the remaining groundwater.

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Fuzzy or Non-Fuzzy? A Comparison between Fuzzy Logic-Based Vulnerability Mapping and DRASTIC Approach Using a Numerical Model. A Case Study from Qatar

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1288

Author(s):

Husam Musa Baalousha ◽

Bassam Tawabini ◽

Thomas D. Seers

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability Mapping ◽

Anthropogenic Contamination ◽

Weighted Overlay ◽

Vulnerability Maps

Vulnerability maps are useful for groundwater protection, water resources development, and land use management. The literature contains various approaches for intrinsic vulnerability assessment, and they mainly depend on hydrogeological settings and anthropogenic impacts. Most methods assign certain ratings and weights to each contributing factor to groundwater vulnerability. Fuzzy logic (FL) is an alternative artificial intelligence tool for overlay analysis, where spatial properties are fuzzified. Unlike the specific rating used in the weighted overlay-based vulnerability mapping methods, FL allows more flexibility through assigning a degree of contribution without specific boundaries for various classes. This study compares the results of DRASTIC vulnerability approach with the FL approach, applying both on Qatar aquifers. The comparison was checked and validated against a numerical model developed for the same study area, and the actual anthropogenic contamination load. Results show some similarities and differences between both approaches. While the coastal areas fall in the same category of high vulnerability in both cases, the FL approach shows greater variability than the DRASTIC approach and better matches with model results and contamination load. FL is probably better suited for vulnerability assessment than the weighted overlay methods.

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Applying metaheuristic optimization methods to design novel adaptive PI-type fuzzy logic controllers for load-frequency control in a large-scale power grid

TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/elk-1503-184 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 4900-4914

Author(s):

ThiMaiPhuong DAO ◽

YaoNan WANG ◽

NgocKhoat NGUYEN

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Large Scale ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Power Grid ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Load Frequency Control ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controllers ◽

Metaheuristic Optimization ◽

Load Frequency ◽

Logic Controllers

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Application of a GIS-based DRASTIC model and groundwater quality index method for evaluation of groundwater vulnerability: a case study, Sefid-Dasht

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2015.032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 784-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nastaran Khodabakhshi ◽

Gholamreza Asadollahfardi ◽

Nima Heidarzadeh

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Quality Index ◽

Major Ions ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Index Method ◽

Drastic Model ◽

Groundwater Quality Index ◽

The North

Pollution control and removal of pollutants from groundwater are a challenging and expensive task. The aims of this paper are to determine the aquifer vulnerability of Sefid-Dasht, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, using the DRASTIC model. In addition, the groundwater quality index (GQI) technique was applied to assess the groundwater quality and study the spatial variability of major ion concentrations using a geographic information system (GIS). The vulnerability index ranged from 65 to 132, classified into two classes: low and moderate vulnerability. In the southern part of the aquifer, the vulnerability was moderate. Furthermore, the results indicate that the magnitude of the GQI index varies from 92% to 95%. This means the water has a suitable quality. However, from the north to the south and southwest of the aquifer, the water quality has been deteriorating, and the highest concentration of major ions was found in the southwest of the Sefid-Dasht aquifer. A comparison of the vulnerability maps with the GQI index map indicated a poor relation between them. In the DRASTIC method, movement of groundwater is not considered and may be the reason for such inconsistency. However, the movement of groundwater can transport contaminants.

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First Application of the Integrated Karst Aquifer Vulnerability (IKAV) method. Potential and Actual vulnerability in Yucatan, Mexico

10.5194/nhess-2021-376 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Moreno-Gómez ◽

Carolina Martínez-Salvador ◽

Rudolf Lied ◽

Catalin Stefan ◽

Julia Pacheco

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Karst Aquifer ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Integrated Method ◽

Support Tools ◽

Vulnerability Maps ◽

Water Resources Protection

Abstract. Groundwater vulnerability maps are important decision support tools for water resources protection against pollution and helpful to minimize environmental damage. However, these tools carry a high subjectivity along the multiple steps taken for the development of such maps. Additionally, the theoretical models on which they are based do not consider important parameters such as pollutant concentration or pollutant residence time in a given section of the aquifer, solely focusing the analysis on a theoretical travel time from a release point towards a target. In this work, an integrated methodology for the evaluation of potential (intrinsic) and actual vulnerability is presented. This integrated method, named IKAV, was developed after the analysis of several study cases and the application of multiple intrinsic groundwater vulnerability methods in a selected study area. Also, a solute transport model served as the basis to define additional parameters for vulnerability analysis for areas severely affected by anthropogenic practices. A defined workflow and several criteria for parameters and attributes selection, rating and weighting assignment, and vulnerability classification are presented. The first application of the IKAV method was carried out in the Yucatan karst, demonstrating to be a reliable method for vulnerability estimation. Results demonstrated the scope of the IKAV method to highlight important regional conditions, minimizing the subjectivity, and expanding the analysis of vulnerability.

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GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT USING DRASTIC MODEL OF UP AL-KHASSA DAM SUB-BASIN, KIRKUK, NE IRAQ

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.53.2e.2ms-2020-11-24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2E) ◽

pp. 12-24

Author(s):

Madyan Al-Gburi

Keyword(s):

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability ◽

Aquifer Vulnerability ◽

Drastic Model ◽

Drastic Method ◽

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Arc Gis ◽

Vulnerability Map ◽

Gis Software ◽

Program Version

Several studies and assessments have been conducted of areas exposed to pollution, especially areas that contain aquifer. The final extraction of the vulnerability map of the groundwater was constructed through the use of the DRASTIC method by applying the linear equation of the seven coefficients in the Arc GIS software program (Version 10.4). The aim of the study to assess aquifer vulnerability to pollution. Results, vulnerability map range between 75-126 (very low, low, and medium), the study area consists of very low and low vulnerability, except some areas medium vulnerability close to the center of the sub-basin in the standard vulnerability map (s) and 91-149 (very low, low, and medium) for the agriculture or pesticide vulnerability map (p), the medium vulnerability occupies a greater area the center of the sub-basin.

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Evaluation du niveau de contamination des eaux souterraines par les éléments traces métalliques dans le département de Zouan-Hounien (Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire).

Journal of Applied Biosciences ◽

10.35759/jabs.150.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 15457-15468

Author(s):

Péhégninon Junior Ophélie DJADE ◽

Abou TRAORE ◽

Koffi Jean Thiérry KOFFI ◽

Keiba Noël KEUMEAN ◽

Gbombélé SORO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Water Samples ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Main Element ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Metallic Trace Elements ◽

Borehole Water ◽

Eaux Souterraines

Objectif : Evaluer le niveau de contamination des eaux souterraines de Zouan-Hounien en élément traces métalliques (ETM). Méthodologie et résultats : Un total de soixante-douze (72) échantillons d’eaux souterraines ont été prélevés en raison de quarante-six échantillons d’eaux de puits (23 puits) et vingt-six échantillons d’eaux de forages (13 forages). Dans ces échantillons, des ETM tels que : Hg, Pb, Cd, As et Fe ont été dosés par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique. Les concentrations moyennes respectives de Fe, Pb, Hg, As et Cd sont de 2233,48 > 3,10 > 1,67 > 1,18 > 0,08 µg.L-1 dans les puits et de 2427,94 > 4,08 > , 2,36 > 1,76 > 0,08 µg.L-1 dans les forages. La valeur moyenne du degré de contamination (Dc) dans les puits et les forages est supérieure à 3, indiquant ainsi une forte contamination des eaux souterraines. Avec des valeurs moyennes de l’indice de pollution par les ETM (HPI) inférieures à la valeur seuil de 100, ces eaux restent faiblement polluées dans l’ensemble. Pourtant, deux puits et deux forages ont enregistré une forte pollution des eaux, avec des valeurs supérieures à 100. Conclusion : L’indice de pollution des eaux souterraines par les ETM appliqué aux eaux souterraines révèle que les eaux de puits et de forages sont de bonne qualité, à l’exception de deux puits et deux forages. Le mercure reste le principal élément qui contribue à la toxicité des eaux. Sa présence dans les eaux est due à l’effet des activités d’orpaillage ancien et actuel dans la zone. Une sensibilisation sur les impacts de l’orpaillage sur les ressources en eau est à mener au sein des orpailleurs afin de réduire l’utilisation du mercure. Une consommation prolongée de ces eaux peut entrainer des problèmes graves de santé publique. Mots clés : indices de pollution, eaux souterraines, ETM, orpaillage, Zouan-Hounien Assessment of pollution indices by metallic trace elements of groundwater resources in the mining area of the department of Zouan-Hounien, Côte d´Ivoire. Objective : Assess the level of contamination of Zouan-Hounien groundwater with metallic trace elements (ETM). Methodology and results: A total of seventy-two (72) groundwater samples were taken that is forty-six well water samples (23 wells) and twenty-six borehole water samples (13 wells). In these samples, ETMs such as: Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Fe were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The respective average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Hg, As and Cd are 2233.48> 3.10> 1.67> 1.18> 0.08 µg.L-1 in the wells and 2427.94> 4 , 08>, 2.36> 1.76> 0.08 µg.L-1 in boreholes. The average value of the degree of contamination (Dc) in wells and boreholes is greater than 3, thus indicating a strong contamination of groundwater. With average values of the ETM pollution index (HPI) below the threshold value of 100, these waters remain slightly polluted. However, two wells and two boreholes recorded heavy water pollution, with values greater than 100. The correlation matrix carried out between the ETM and the HPI reveals that Hg is the main element, which contributes to the toxicity of the water. Conclusion: The ETM pollution indices for groundwater applied to waters revealed that well and borehole water are of good quality, with the exception of two wells and two boreholes. However, mercury remains the main element that contributes to the toxicity of water. Its presence in the waters is due to the effect of old and current gold panning activities in the area. Thus, raising awareness of the impacts of gold panning on water resources is to be carried out among gold panners in order to reduce the use of mercury. Prolonged consumption of these waters can lead to serious public health problems. Keywords: pollution indices, groundwater, ETM, gold panning, Zouan-Hounien

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