scholarly journals Half the Story? Olympic Women on ABC News Online

2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Audiences ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Sports Coverage ◽  
News Online

A content analysis of the ABC News Online website during the 2000 Olympic Games reveals a select few female role models were available to young audiences. One female athlete was ‘news-privileged’. Cathy Freeman's exposure came at the expense of her Australian team mates, especially those women who won medals in team sports. While the results indicate an improvement in both the extent of women's sports coverage and the range of sports covered, stereotypical descriptions often characterised adult females as emotionally vulnerable, dependent adolescents. Male athletes were never infantilised and were far less likely to be described in emotive terms.

scholarly journals The representation of female athletes in online images of successive Olympics

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Public Broadcaster ◽  
Social Arrangements ◽  
News Online

Photographs tell stories. They are ‘so much a part of our daily lives we rarely think about how they influence us and what that influence is’. Yet photographs, like other media images, can be used to legitimate the interests of hegemonic groups seeking to shape consensus or consent to existing social arrangements (Duncan, 1990, p. 22). A content analysis of 2004 Olympic Games coverage on the website of Australia’s national public broadcaster, ABC News Online, shows that images of female athletes outnumbered those of male athletes. However, in line with results from analysis of 2000 Olympics coverage on News Online, women competing in team sports received little recognition and females were frequently depicted as passive subjects rather than active competitors. Such under-representation for team players and stereotypical portrayals of sportswomen on News Online may instill in its news audiences the belief that women’s sports are less powerful, less interesting and thus separate and different from men’s sports.

scholarly journals Online coverage of the 2008 Olympic Games on the ABC, BBC, CBC and TVNZ

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Women’S Sports ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Sports Coverage

The same pervasive strategies that relegate women’s sports coverage to secondary status in the traditional sports media are apparent in online coverage. Content analysis of the extent and nature of 2008 Olympic Games coverage by four national public broadcasters shows men and their sports were the story in Beijing. The gender gap in story numbers favoured male athletes by a margin of four to one. Men’s achievements were given more prominence than women’s with twice as many lead stories and photographs of male athletes taking top spot on the websites’ splash pages. The content of photographs and the language of online stories also perpetuated gender stereotypes and sexual difference by framing sportswomen as emotionally weak or dependent and less committed than male athletes.

Fair Treatment for the Active Female: A Content Analysis of Young Athlete Magazine

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rintala ◽  
Susan Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Athlete ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Actual Participation

The availability of female role models is examined through a content analysis of Young Athlete magazine. Two research questions are posed: Do males and females receive differential treatment in Young Athlete? Does the representation of males and females in Young Athlete reflect actual participation rates? Young Athlete depicts sport as a male activity. For example, less than one-third of all photographs depict females, and the percentage decreases with the prominence of the photograph. Compared to actual participation rates, Young Athlete subtly distorts girls’ involvement. Girls are markedly under-represented in team sports, even those they dominate numerically. Discussion focuses upon the issue of fair treatment. The conclusion that statistical representation is a safe but narrow definition of fair treatment is explored with reference to current theoretical perspectives on media.

Still Not There: The Continued Invisibility of Female Athletes and Sports in the New Zealand Print Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone French
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
The World

This research examined parity for female athletes compared with male athletes in the level of coverage received in the New Zealand print media in a year that did not contain either the Commonwealth or Olympic Games. Using content analysis, 562 sport news articles from the New Zealand Herald and the Dominion Post were analysed. The findings revealed that female athletes received 6.1 per cent of coverage compared with male athletes, who received 73.6 per cent; articles related to female athletes/sports had an average length of 432 words compared with 461 words for articles related to male athletes/sports. These data are a stark illustration that, even in a country where women led the world in achieving suffrage, continuing cultural change is not guaranteed.

The Competitive Disposition: Views of Athletes with Mental Retardation

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Zoerink ◽  
Joseph Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Sport Orientation

The twofold purpose of this study was (a) to determine the perspectives held by athletes with mental retardation relative to competitiveness, winning, and setting goals in competitive team sports situations and (b) to explore differences between male and female athletes with mental retardation and their counterparts without disabilities regarding their perceptions of competitiveness, winning, and setting goals in team sports environments. Of the 402 subjects who completed the Sport Orientation Questionnaire-Form B (Gill & Deeter, 1988), 288 were male and female athletes with mental retardation who participated in team sports at the 1991 International Special Olympic Games. They were compared with 114 university team sports athletes without disabilities. Analyses of variance revealed that, regardless of disability status, young men viewed themselves to be more competitive than their female counterparts. The findings also indicated that male athletes with mental retardation were more competitive than other athletes and that male athletes without disabilities perceived winning to be more important than did athletes with mental retardation.

Much Ado about Nothing: The Television Broadcast Packaging of Team Sport Championship Games

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus V. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Much Ado About Nothing ◽  
Time Component ◽  
Sports Coverage ◽  
Program Content ◽  
Derived Data

Television is the most immediate and compelling medium for sports coverage. Consequently, the sports presentations that it delivers, particularly championship series, attract a vast and devoted audience. This study provided a detailed, descriptive content analysis of the television broadcast packaging of the 1982-83 championship games, both professional and university, of the four most popular North American team sports—baseball, football, hockey, and basketball. Videotape recordings of the entire broadcast packages centered upon these games were analyzed. The program content was divided into four specific and distinct components: advertisements, pre- and postgame programs, between-play time, and live-play time. The ensuing discussion addressed the basic structure of each broadcast package, the absolute and relative data for each of the four components of the various games and, finally, the intriguing relationship between the derived data (particularly the live-play time component) and concomitant levels of viewer ratings. Concluding comments reflected on the significance of the findings and also provided considerations for future research based upon materials presented within the study.

scholarly journals Content Analysis of Female Athlete Endorsers in UK Sports Magazine Advertisements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mogaji
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Despite an increased level of females’ participation in sports, the media coverage is still very low and inadvertently the use of female athletes as product endorsers has received limited attention. The purpose of this study is to provide an empirical insight into the frequency and nature of portrayals of female athlete endorsers in UK Sports Magazine by replicating Grau et al (2007)’s earlier study carried out in USA over ten years ago. Results of the content analysis indicate that females are seldomly featured as brand endorsers, female in team sports and from black ethnic minority group are less likely to be featured as brand endorsers. The study offers theoretical knowledge and practical implication for managers to ensure female athletes are well positioned and given the opportunity to be commercially viable.</p>

scholarly journals Content Analysis of Female Athlete Endorsers in UK Sports Magazine Advertisements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mogaji
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Female Athlete ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Despite an increased level of females’ participation in sports, the media coverage is still very low and inadvertently the use of female athletes as product endorsers has received limited attention. The purpose of this study is to provide an empirical insight into the frequency and nature of portrayals of female athlete endorsers in UK Sports Magazine by replicating Grau et al (2007)’s earlier study carried out in USA over ten years ago. Results of the content analysis indicate that females are seldomly featured as brand endorsers, female in team sports and from black ethnic minority group are less likely to be featured as brand endorsers. The study offers theoretical knowledge and practical implication for managers to ensure female athletes are well positioned and given the opportunity to be commercially viable.</p>

scholarly journals Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes in 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000896
Author(s):  
Taro Takeuchi ◽  
Yuri Kitamura ◽  
Soya Ishizuka ◽  
Sachiko Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Athletes ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Male Athletes

ObjectivesTo compare the mortality of Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games with that of the Japanese population, and to elucidate factors associated with their mortality.MethodsWe obtained from the Japan Sport Association study subjects’ biographical information, information on lifestyles and medical data. Missing data were obtained from online databases. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to compare athletes’ mortality with the Japanese population. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the HR for each category of body mass index (BMI), smoking history and handgrip strength. This analysis was limited to male athletes due to the small number of female athletes.ResultsAmong 342 (283 men, 59 women) athletes, deaths were confirmed for 70 (64 men, 6 women) athletes between September 1964 and December 2017. Total person years was 15 974.8, and the SMR was 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81). Multivariate analysis performed on 181 male athletes. Mortality was significantly higher for BMI≥25 kg/m2 than for 21–23 kg/m2 (HR: 3.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 9.07). We found no statistically significant associations between smoking history and mortality; the HR (95% CI) for occasional and daily smokers were 0.82 (0.26 to 2.57) and 1.30 (0.55 to 3.03) compared with never smokers. We also found no statistically significant associations between handgrip strength and mortality (P for trend: 0.51).ConclusionJapanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games lived longer than the Japanese population. BMI≥25 kg/m2 was associated with higher mortality, but smoking history and handgrip strength were not associated with mortality.

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