scholarly journals ApoE alleles, depression and positive affect in multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Julian ◽  
L Vella ◽  
D Frankel ◽  
SL Minden ◽  
JR Oksenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Background The role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles has received recent attention in depressive disorders, the ApoE ε4 conferring greater risk for poorer outcomes, and the ApoE ε2 allele providing some protective effects. Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the role of ApoE alleles is unknown. Aims To evaluate ApoE alleles in relation to symptoms of depression in a cohort of patients with MS participating in the Sonya Slifka Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Study (Slifka Study). To examine risk and protection, depressed mood and positive affect were each investigated with respect to the ApoE ε4 and ApoE ε2 alleles, respectively. Results Of the total 101 participants, 22.8% were ApoE ε2 carriers and 21.8% were ApoE ε4 carriers. Hierarchical linear regression analyses suggested that after controlling for demographics, disease duration, and disability, ApoE ε2 significantly predicted increased positive affect (R2Δ = 0.05, F(1,94) = 5.44, P = 0.02) and was associated with decreased severity of depressive symptoms, although this did not reach statistical significance (R2Δ = 0.03, F(1,94) = 3.44, P = 0.06). ApoE ε4 did not significantly predict depression status. Conclusion The presence of the ApoE ε2 allele in this study is suggested to be protective against depressive symptoms in our subsample of patients recruited from the Slifka Study. These findings are consistent with reports in psychiatric populations linking ApoE ε2 with decreased incidence of depressive disorders. Further investigation would be warranted to understand the role of ApoE genotypes and risk for depressive symptoms.

Effects of High Intensity Statin Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vavlukis ◽  
Sasko Kedev
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Diabetic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Diabetic dyslipidemia has specifics that differ from dyslipidemia in patients without diabetes, which contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis equally as dysglycemia. The aim of this study was to deduce the interdependence of diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), therapeutic strategies and the risk of diabetes development with statin therapy. Method: We conducted a literature review of English articles through PubMed, PubMed Central and Cochrane, on the role of diabetic dyslipidemia in atherosclerosis, the antilipemic treatment with statins, and the role of statin therapy in newly developed diabetes, by using key words: atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, diabetic dyslipidemia, CVD, statins, nicotinic acid, fibrates, PCSK9 inhibitors. Results: hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia cannot be treated separately in patients with diabetes. It seems that dyslipidemia plays one of the key roles in the development of atherosclerosis. High levels of TG, decreased levels of HDL-C and increased levels of small dense LDL- C particles in the systemic circulation are the most specific attributes of diabetic dyslipidemia, all of which originate from an inflated flux of free fatty acids occurring due to the preceding resistance to insulin, and exacerbated by elevated levels of inflammatory adipokines. Statins are a fundamental treatment for diabetic dyslipidemia, both for dyslipidemia and for CVD prevention. The use of statin treatment with high intensity is endorsed for all diabetes-and-CVD patients, while a moderate - intensity treatment can be applied to patients with diabetes, having additional risk factors for CVD. Statins alone are thought to possess a small, although of statistical significance, risk of incident diabetes, outweighed by their benefits. Conclusion: As important as hyperglycemia and glycoregulation are in CVD development in patients with diabetes, diabetic dyslipidemia plays an even more important role. Statins remain the cornerstone of antilipemic treatment in diabetic dyslipidemia, and their protective effects in CVD progression overcome the risk of statin- associated incident diabetes.

scholarly journals High Resolution Haplotype Analyses of Classical HLA Genes in Families With Multiple Sclerosis Highlights the Role of HLA-DP Alleles in Disease Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoyo Osoegawa ◽  
Lisa E. Creary ◽  
Gonzalo Montero-Martín ◽  
Kalyan C. Mallempati ◽  
Sridevi Gangavarapu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Haplotype Allele ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Hla Haplotypes

Multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility shows strong genetic associations with HLA alleles and haplotypes. We genotyped 11 HLA genes in 477 non-Hispanic European MS patients and their 954 unaffected parents using a validated next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology. HLA haplotypes were assigned unequivocally by tracing HLA allele transmissions. We explored HLA haplotype/allele associations with MS using the genotypic transmission disequilibrium test (gTDT) and multiallelic TDT (mTDT). We also conducted a case-control (CC) study with all patients and 2029 healthy unrelated ethnically matched controls. We performed separate analyses of 54 extended multi-case families by reviewing transmission of haplotype blocks. The haplotype fragment including DRB5*01:01:01~DRB1*15:01:01:01 was significantly associated with predisposition (gTDT: p < 2.20e-16; mTDT: p =1.61e-07; CC: p < 2.22e-16) as reported previously. A second risk allele, DPB1*104:01 (gTDT: p = 3.69e-03; mTDT: p = 2.99e-03; CC: p = 1.00e-02), independent from the haplotype bearing DRB1*15:01 was newly identified. The allele DRB1*01:01:01 showed significant protection (gTDT: p = 8.68e-06; mTDT: p = 4.50e-03; CC: p = 1.96e-06). Two DQB1 alleles, DQB1*03:01 (gTDT: p = 2.86e-03; mTDT: p = 5.56e-02; CC: p = 4.08e-05) and DQB1*03:03 (gTDT: p = 1.17e-02; mTDT: p = 1.16e-02; CC: p = 1.21e-02), defined at two-field level also showed protective effects. The HLA class I block, A*02:01:01:01~C*03:04:01:01~B*40:01:02 (gTDT: p = 5.86e-03; mTDT: p = 3.65e-02; CC: p = 9.69e-03) and the alleles B*27:05 (gTDT: p = 6.28e-04; mTDT: p = 2.15e-03; CC: p = 1.47e-02) and B*38:01 (gTDT: p = 3.20e-03; mTDT: p = 6.14e-03; CC: p = 1.70e-02) showed moderately protective effects independently from each other and from the class II associated factors. By comparing statistical significance of 11 HLA loci and 19 haplotype segments with both untruncated and two-field allele names, we precisely mapped MS candidate alleles/haplotypes while eliminating false signals resulting from ‘hitchhiking’ alleles. We assessed genetic burden for the HLA allele/haplotype identified in this study. This family-based study including the highest-resolution of HLA alleles proved to be powerful and efficient for precise identification of HLA genotypes associated with both, susceptibility and protection to development of MS.

scholarly journals Untreated Depressive Symptoms Significantly Worsen Quality of Life of the Elderly and may Lead to the Misdiagnosis of Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Voros ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Tamas Tenyi ◽  
Zoltan Rihmer ◽  
Ilona Szili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Adequate Treatment

Abstract Background: Several studies demonstrated the role of depressive mood and cognitive impairment in the background of elevated mortality and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly.Methods: In the framework of the ICT4Life project self-administered questionnaires and clinical screening tools were used to assess QoL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of 60 elderly over the age of 65.Results: Males found to be depressed and cognitively declined more frequently; and had higher scores on the depression and lower on the QoL scales. Depressed elderly had lower cognitive levels and their QoL was significantly poorer than that of the non-depressed subjects. Depressive disorders were detected in a quarter of the elderly, and the majority of them did not receive adequate antidepressant medication.Conclusions: Close correlation between depression and cognitive impairment was confirmed, as well as the key role of depression in the background of QoL decline. Results also highlighted the problems of recognition and adequate treatment of depression and cognitive decline in elderly, which can be further complicated by the common symptoms of depressive pseudo-dementia. Early recognition of depressive symptoms is important not only to treat the underlying mood disorder, but also to improve QoL of the elderly.

scholarly journals Life negative events and depressive symptoms: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Wang ◽  
Hanmo Yang ◽  
Pianpian Zheng ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Zhanyuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract Background: Although some studies have reported the association between life negative events and depressive disorders, very limited studies have examined the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms risk among Chinese older adults. Methods : Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS), which was a stratified, multi-stage, probabilistic sampling survey, conducted in 2014. General linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Results: Life negative events showed statistical dose-response association with depressive symptoms risk after adjustment for the confounding factors ( P trend <0.001). Under consideration of life negative events exposure, participants who lived in rural areas, without a spouse or live alone were vulnerable to depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Life negative events played a risk role of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, especially among those in rural areas, females or without a spouse. Our current study is valuable for the development of special prevention depressive symptoms programs among elderly individuals, especially those who have experienced negative events.

Abstract P044: The Role of Self-Perceived Attributes of the Neighborhood Environment on the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Physical Activity in Older Latino Adults

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Hernandez ◽  
Thomas R Prohaska ◽  
Pin-Chieh Wang ◽  
Catherine A Sarkisian
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Physical inactivity is associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes) and an increased risk for cardiac-related morbidity and mortality. The impact of depressive symptomatology on self-perceptions of the neighborhood environment may explain the low levels of physical activity (PA) among older Latino adults with depression. The aims of the current study are to examine whether individuals with depression are less likely to view their neighborhood environment as conducive for walking behavior, and to examine the role of self-perceptions of the neighborhood environment in the association between depression and PA. Methods: We analyzed baseline in-person interview and pedometer data collected from Latinos ≥60 years participating in an exercise intervention (Caminemos!) at 27 senior centers. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression scale and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) was use to capture self-perceived attributes of the neighborhood environment associated with transport and recreational walking. The NEWS includes multiple subscales capturing the presence and accessibility of sidewalks, neighborhood aesthetics, pedestrian/traffic safety, and crime safety. PA was objectively measured using pedometer data. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association between depression status and measures of PA, overall neighborhood walkability and associated subscales. We followed Baron and Kenny’s four steps to conduct a mediation analysis to examine whether self-perceived attributes of the neighborhood environment served as a mediator between depressive symptoms and PA. Results: Baseline characteristics for this sample (n=572) include: mean age of 73 years; 77% female; 83% with incomes below $20,000; and 59% with less than an 8th grade education. Approximately 27.6% screened positive for depression. When using continuous pedometer data as the outcome of interest, depressed individuals were less likely to engage in walking behavior when compared to their non-depressed counterparts (p=0.004), independent of basic demographic variables. T-tests revealed that depression status was only associated with the subscale of neighborhood walkability capturing criminal activity. Older Latino adults with depressive symptoms were more likely to perceive their neighborhood as a high-crime area (p=0.01). Results from the Sobel test did not find self-perceptions of criminal activity in the neighborhood to mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA (p-value=0.31). Conclusion: While depressive symptoms are linked to self-perceptions of neighborhood criminal activity in older Latino adults, perceptions of neighborhood criminal activity does not act as a mediator in the relationship between depression and PA.

Agomelatine versus escitalopram in major depressive disorders : a randomized double-blind, long term study focusing on sleep satisfaction and emotional blunting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 619-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Corruble ◽  
C. Bélaidi ◽  
G.M. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Long Term Treatment

The novel antidepressant agomelatine is a MT1/MT2 receptor agonist and a 5HT2c receptor antagonist, whose efficacy is demonstrated in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (1). In an international 24-week double-blind randomized controlled study, the effects of agomelatine 25–50 mg/d (n = 164) were compared to those of escitalopram 10-20 mg/d (n = 160) on satisfaction about sleep (Visual Analogic Scale), depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)) and emotions in a subset of 45 patients having completed the Oxford Depression Questionnaire (2).Both drugs improved depressive symptoms (mean decrease in HAM-D score from baseline: -19.9 with agomelatine and -19.2 with escitalopram; percentage of remitters: 69.6% with agomelatine and 63.1% with escitalopram, LOCF endpoint) and the satisfaction about sleep. Interestingly, the wellness feeling on waking was more improved with agomelatine as compared to escitalopram (p = 0.025), indicating a better alertness on waking with agomelatine than escitalopram.Moreover, emotional blunting was less frequent with agomelatine as compared to escitalopram: 28% on agomelatine vs 60% on escitalopram felt that their emotions lacked intensity with a trend to statistical significance (p = 0.063) and 16% of patients on agomelatine vs 53% on escitalopram felt that things that they cared about before illness did not seem important any more (p = 0.024). Finally, less patients withdrew due to emergent adverse events with agomelatine (4.3%) as compared to escitalopram (10.6%), (p = 0.029). To conclude, this study shows some potential clinical advantages of agomelatine as compared to escitalopram in the long term treatment of MDD.

scholarly journals Life negative events and depressive symptoms: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Wang ◽  
Hanmo Yang ◽  
Pianpian Zheng ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Zhanyuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract Background: Although some studies have reported the association between life negative events and depressive disorders, very limited studies have examined the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms risk among Chinese older adults.Methods: Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS), which was a stratified, multi-stage, probabilistic sampling survey, conducted in 2014. General linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association between life negative events exposure and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults.Results: Life negative events showed statistical dose-response association with depressive symptoms risk after adjustment for the confounding factors (P trend <0.001). Under consideration of life negative events exposure, participants who lived in rural areas, without a spouse or live alone were vulnerable to depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Life negative events played a risk role of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, especially among those in rural areas, females or without a spouse. Our current study is valuable for the development of special prevention depressive symptoms programs among elderly individuals, especially those who have experienced negative events.

scholarly journals Personality diatheses and Hurricane Sandy: effects on post-disaster depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Kopala-Sibley ◽  
R. Kotov ◽  
E. J. Bromet ◽  
G. A. Carlson ◽  
A. P. Danzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stress Models ◽  
Disaster Exposure

BackgroundAccording to diathesis–stress models, personality traits, such as negative emotionality (NE) and positive emotionality (PE), may moderate the effects of stressors on the development of depression. However, relatively little empirical research has directly examined whether NE and PE act as diatheses in the presence of stressful life events, and no research has examined whether they moderate the effect of disaster exposure on depressive symptoms. Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in US history, offers a unique opportunity to address these gaps.MethodA total of 318 women completed measures of NE and PE 5 years prior to Hurricane Sandy. They were also assessed for lifetime depressive disorders on two occasions, the latter occurring an average of 1 year before the hurricane. Approximately 8 weeks after the disaster (mean = 8.40, s.d. = 1.48 weeks), participants completed a hurricane stress exposure questionnaire and a measure of current depressive symptoms.ResultsAdjusting for lifetime history of depressive disorders, higher levels of stress from Hurricane Sandy predicted elevated levels of depressive symptoms, but only in participants with high levels of NE or low levels of PE.ConclusionsThese findings support the role of personality in the development of depression and suggest that personality traits can be useful in identifying those most vulnerable to major stressors, including natural disasters.

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