scholarly journals Reading, writing, and reserve: Literacy activities are linked to hippocampal volume and memory in multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F Sumowski ◽  
Maria A Rocca ◽  
Victoria M Leavitt ◽  
Gianna Riccitelli ◽  
Alessandro Meani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Literacy Activities ◽  
Cognitive Activities

Background: Engagement in cognitive leisure activities during early adulthood has been linked to preserved memory and larger hippocampal volume in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate which specific types of cognitive leisure activities contribute to hippocampal volume and memory. Methods: We investigated links between three types of cognitive activities (Reading-Writing, Art-Music, Games-Hobbies) and (a) hippocampal volume within independent samples of Italian (n=187) and American (n=55) MS patients and (b) memory in subsamples of Italian (n=97) and American (n=53) patients. Results: Reading-Writing was the only predictor of hippocampal volume (rp=.204, p=.002), and the best predictor of memory (rp=.288, p=.001). Conclusions: Findings inform the development of targeted evidence-based enrichment programs aiming to bolster reserve against memory decline.

Hippocampal volume is more related to patient-reported memory than objective memory performance in early multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852092283
Author(s):  
Lisa Glukhovsky ◽  
Rachel Brandstadter ◽  
Victoria M Leavitt ◽  
Stephen Krieger ◽  
Korhan Buyukturkoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Partial Correlations

Background: When persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) report memory decline but objective memory performance is normal, there is a bias toward believing objective test results. Objective: Investigate whether subjective memory decline or objective memory performance is more related to hippocampal and hippocampal subfield volumes in early MS. Methods: Persons with early MS ( n = 185; ⩽5.0 years diagnosed) completed a subjective memory questionnaire; an objective memory composite was derived from four memory tests. Total hippocampal and subfield volumes were derived from high-resolution 3.0 T magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Partial correlations assessed links between hippocampal volumes and both subjective and objective memory, controlling for age, sex, mood, and pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ). Results: Lower total hippocampal and CA1 volumes were related to worse subjective memory but not objective memory (controlling for multiple comparisons). Correlations between subjective memory and both CA1 and subiculum were significantly stronger than were correlations between objective memory and these subfields. Patients in the worst tertile of subjective memory complaints (but not objective memory) had lower hippocampal volumes than 35 demographically similar healthy controls. Conclusion: Patient-report is inherently a longitudinal assessment of within-person memory change in everyday life, which may be more sensitive to subtle disease-related changes than cross-sectional objective tests. Findings align with the aging literature.

scholarly journals Searching for the neural basis of reserve against memory decline: intellectual enrichment linked to larger hippocampal volume in multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Sumowski ◽  
M. A. Rocca ◽  
V. M. Leavitt ◽  
G. Riccitelli ◽  
J. Sandry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Memory Decline

scholarly journals Cognitive Issues in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Emilio Portaccio ◽  
Ermelinda De Meo ◽  
Angelo Bellinvia ◽  
Maria Pia Amato
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Definition Of

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The onset of MS during developmental age makes pediatric patients particularly susceptible to cognitive impairment, resulting from both disease-related damage and failure of age-expected brain growth. Despite different test batteries and definitions, cognitive impairment has been consistently reported in approximately one-third of pediatric patients with MS. However, the lack of a uniform definition of cognitive impairment and the adoption of different test batteries have led to divergent results in terms of cognitive domains more frequently affected across the cohorts explored. This heterogeneity has hampered large international collaborative studies. Moreover, research aimed at the identification of risk factors (e.g., demographic, clinical, and radiological features) or protective factors (e.g., cognitive reserve, leisure activities) for cognitive decline is still scanty. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can be detected in these patients alongside cognitive decline or in isolation, and can negatively affect quality of life scores as well as academic performances. By using MRI, cognitive impairment was attributed to damage to specific brain compartments as well as to abnormal network activation patterns. However, multimodal MRI studies are still needed in order to assess the contribution of each MRI metric to cognitive impairment. Importantly, longitudinal studies have recently demonstrated failure of age-expected brain growth and of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) maturation plays a relevant role in determining cognitive dysfunction, in addition to MS-related direct damage. Whether these growth retardations might result in specific cognitive profiles according to the age at disease onset has not been studied, yet. A better characterization of cognitive profiles in pediatric MS patients, as well as the definition of neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment and their longitudinal evolution are needed to develop efficient therapeutic strategies against cognitive impairment in this patient population.

scholarly journals Association of Crossword Puzzle Participation with Memory Decline in Persons Who Develop Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagan A. Pillai ◽  
Charles B. Hall ◽  
Dennis W. Dickson ◽  
Herman Buschke ◽  
Richard B. Lipton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
Crossword Puzzles

AbstractParticipation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities such as crossword puzzles may delay onset of the memory decline in the preclinical stages of dementia, possibly via its effect on improving cognitive reserve. We followed 488 initially cognitively intact community residing individuals with clinical and cognitive assessments every 12–18 months in the Bronx Aging Study. We assessed the influence of crossword puzzle participation on the onset of accelerated memory decline as measured by the Buschke Selective Reminding Test in 101 individuals who developed incident dementia using a change point model. Crossword puzzle participation at baseline delayed onset of accelerated memory decline by 2.54 years. Inclusion of education or participation in other cognitively stimulating activities did not significantly add to the fit of the model beyond the effect of puzzles. Our findings show that late life crossword puzzle participation, independent of education, was associated with delayed onset of memory decline in persons who developed dementia. Given the wide availability and accessibility of crossword puzzles, their role in preventing cognitive decline should be validated in future clinical trials. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1006–1013)

scholarly journals Ameliorative effects of Moringa on cuprizone-induced memory decline in rat model of multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso ◽  
Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi ◽  
Theresa Titilayo Afolabi ◽  
Ahmad Bolakale Abdulwahab ◽  
Adelaja Abdulazeez Akinlolu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Memory Decline

scholarly journals The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yára Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Discussion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in certain areas of the central nervous system. The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. Nineteen months after the original publication on CCSVI and MS, another 22 papers have been published addressing the matter. No clinical trials have been carried out on the subject and there is no evidence-based indication to perform surgical vascular procedures in MS patients. However, over the same nineteen-month period, the internet discussion on the subject of CCSVI and MS has led to countless websites advertising treatment using vascular surgery for patients with MS all over the world. The treatment based on the CCSVI theory has appealingly been called "liberation treatment", thus making it difficult to explain to patients why a treatment that has been highly praised (on the internet) cannot be recommended based on partial medical results that await confirmation.

scholarly journals Estimated and projected burden of multiple sclerosis attributable to smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index: a comparative risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pakpoor ◽  
Klaus Schmierer ◽  
Jack Cuzick ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Ruth Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
High Body ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background Smoking and childhood and adolescent high body-mass index (BMI) are leading lifestyle-related risk factors of global premature morbidity and mortality, and have been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to estimate and project the proportion of MS incidence that could be prevented with elimination of these risk factors. Methods Prevalence estimates of high BMI during childhood/adolescence and smoking in early adulthood, and relative risks of MS, were obtained from published literature. A time-lag of 10 years was assumed between smoking in early adulthood and MS incidence, and a time-lag of 20 years was assumed between childhood/adolescent high BMI and MS incidence. The MS population attributable fractions (PAFs) of smoking and high BMI were estimated as individual and combined risk factors, by age, country and sex in 2015, 2025 and 2035 where feasible. Results The combined estimated PAFs for smoking and high BMI in 2015 were 14, 11, 12 and 12% for the UK, USA, Russia and Australia in a conservative estimate, and 21, 20, 19 and 16% in an independent estimate, respectively. Estimates for smoking are declining over time, whereas estimates for high early life BMI are rising. The PAF for high early life BMI is highest in the USA and is estimated to increase to 14% by 2035. Conclusions Assuming causality, there is the potential to substantially reduce MS incidence with the elimination of lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors, which are the target of global public health prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Risk perception in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients and their neurologists

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Heesen ◽  
Ingo Kleiter ◽  
Franziska Nguyen ◽  
Nina Schäffler ◽  
Jürgen Kasper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Natalizumab Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Do So

Background: Natalizumab is associated with the potentially life-threatening side-effect progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Little is known about patients’ and physicians’ risk estimates and attitudes towards natalizumab treatment. Methods: Consecutive natalizumab-treated patients ( n = 69) and neurologists ( n = 66) in two centres and cooperating private practices received an evidence-based three-page information leaflet about natalizumab-associated PML and an evaluation sheet. Results: After reading the information, patients were significantly more likely than physicians to intend continuation of natalizumab treatment and willing to accept higher risks of PML: 49% of physicians would stop treatment at a PML risk of 2 : 10,000 or lower, while only 17% of patients would do so ( p < 0.001). This difference could not be explained by risk calculation abilities or lack of understanding. Both groups overestimated natalizumab treatment effects. Conclusion: Patients had a significantly worse perception of multiple sclerosis as a malignant disease. We conclude that patients were willing to accept a higher risk of PML than neurologists. Coherent with their perception of risks and benefits, patients were also more willing to continue treatment. Open information about treatment-related risks is appreciated and might support shared decision making.

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