scholarly journals Hormones and MS: Risk factors, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Bove ◽  
Wendy Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Potential Applications

Sex differences in epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been observed for decades, establishing a foundation for more recent progress in our understanding of their overall impact on the disease. In the ACTRIMS session on Hormones, Sex Chromosomes, and MS: Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets, this progress was summarized in three presentations by pioneers in the field, revealing evidence that sex chromosomes, epigenetic factors, and sex hormones function as interactive determinants of disease risk and phenotype in a fashion dependent upon life stage, from prenatal development, childhood, and adolescence to adulthood and aging. Implications for the effects of puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and andropause on autoimmune and neurodegenerative mechanisms were discussed, along with potential applications of exogenous hormones. Although several limitations in current approaches and concepts were noted, current insights pave the way for future progress in our understanding of this enigmatic disease

scholarly journals Starting strong: Dietary, behavioral, and environmental factors that promote “strength” from conception to age 2 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070
Author(s):  
Robert Murray
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Socioemotional Skills ◽  
The Brain

Beginning with conception and continuing through childhood and adolescence, the word “strength” connotes the totality of optimal early bone and tissue growth; neural wiring of the brain; and acquisition of fine motor, gross motor, language, and socioemotional skills. The robustness of each of these attributes depend on 3 critical epigenetic (external) factors: the quality of nutrition; positive adult nurturing; and experiences acquired within a stimulating, safe environment that affords free exploration. This review highlights the relationship between the epigenetic factors in the period of conception to age 2 years and a child’s future health, cognitive capacity, and social aptitude, which collectively comprise their “strength”. This paper was presented as part of the 2018 Strength Summit conference entitled, The Role of Strength in Optimal Health and Well-being. Novelty Strength in infants signifies the totality of optimal early growth and neural wiring of the brain. Strength at this life stage also includes the acquisition of motor, language, and socioemotional skills. Three epigenetic factors are critical during birth to 24 months: nutrition, nurturing, and free exploration.

Abstract 046: Excessive Gain in BMI Between Age 7-16 is Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Alan R Sinaiko ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Donald R Dengel ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adult Individual

Obesity in childhood has been shown to promote adult obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, little longitudinal information exists on the rate of progression of adiposity during childhood as a predictor of adult insulin resistance and markers of CVD risk. We hypothesize that excessive adiposity in childhood and adolescence predicts adult individual CV risk factors, insulin resistance and vascular changes. Children (n=383 mean age 7 yrs), were measured periodically for height, weight and blood pressure through adolescence. As adults (n=383, mean age 39 y, 50% female), height, weight, lipids, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were created by standard criteria. According to the CDC BMI growth charts, the normal mean change in BMI from age 7-16 at the 50th percentile is 5 kg/m 2 . Linear regression evaluated the influence of excessive weight gain in childhood on the development of adverse CVD risk factors in adulthood stratifying by 50 percentile change in BMI (≤5kg/m 2 vs >5kg/m 2 ) between childhood and adolescence, adjusting for confounding factors. Of 313 normal weight children, 32% stayed normal weight, 68% became overweight and obese in adulthood. Of 45 overweight children 90% stayed overweight or became obese in adulthood. Of 25 obese children 100% became overweight and stayed obese in adulthood. Compared to ≤5kg/m 2 , a BMI gain of >5 kg/m 2 between childhood and adolescence was more common in blacks than in whites and was associated with greater CV risk in adulthood: greater % obesity; higher blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance (M/lbm=insulin sensitivity) and cIMT (Table). These findings show that: 1) childhood adiposity is a strong predictor of adult overweight and obesity, and 2) excessive BMI gain between childhood and adolescence is a major determinant of obesity and CVD risk in adulthood.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Young Adults: A STEPwise-Approach-Based Study in Three University Setups in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Hamza Loukili ◽  
Gabriel Malka ◽  
Helene Landrault ◽  
Driss Frej ◽  
Mohamed Amine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Background: Although chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are more likely to emerge during adulthood, their development begins earlier during childhood and adolescence. In this respect, we explored cardiovascular disease risk factors among students in three elite schools in Morocco. Method: The data collecting process was carried out using the French version of the STEPwise approach developed by the WHO to monitor Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors, producing thus standardized data and allowing wide comparability across similar studies. The investigation was conducted through on-site and online configurations. We only relied on the first and second sequences of the STEPS questionnaire in order to collect behavioral and physical data, on which our analysis was based. The choice of the population of Moroccan high intellectual potential youth is interesting, as they represent future physicians and leading engineers of tomorrow. Results: A total number of 325 subjects were surveyed. The prevalence of auto-reported diabetes and hypertension was respectively 3.31% and 8.54%. Alarmingly, a large proportion of respondents had undiagnosed hypertension. Besides, the prevalence of obesity was found to reach 6.17%, with no significant difference between gender groups. Conclusion: Hypertension appears to be largely undiagnosed which urges taking actions towards raising awareness among youth about chronic diseases and their risk factors as well as highlighting their preventability to prevent their future development.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood and adolescence: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate N O’Neill ◽  
Emily Aubrey ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Evie Stergiakouli ◽  
Santiago Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Specific Association

AbstractBackgroundMitochondria are organelles responsible for converting glucose into energy. Mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternally inherited by offspring. The role of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in the aetiology of cardiometabolic disease risk is not well understood.MethodsWe examined the sex-specific association between European mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and trajectories of nine cardiometabolic risk factors from birth to 18 years in a prospective English birth cohort. Mitochondrial haplogroups were analysed according to common European haplogroups; H,U,J,T,K,V,W,I and X. Nine cardiometabolic risk factors measured over varying times from birth/mid-childhood to age 18 years included body mass index (BMI), fat mass and lean mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), non HDL-c and triglycerides. Fractional polynomial and linear spline multilevel models stratified by sex explored the sex-specific association between haplogroups and risk factor trajectories.ResultsAmong 6,360-7,954 participants with 22,864-79,178 repeated measures per outcome, we found no strong evidence that haplogroups U,T,J,K and W were associated with trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors across childhood and adolescence compared to haplogroup H. In females, haplogroup V was associated with 4.0% (95% CI: 1.4, 6.7) lower BMI at age 7 years and 9.3% (95% CI: 1.9, 16.7) lower fat mass at age 9, though differences did not persist at age 18. Haplogroup X was associated with 1.3kg (95% CI: 0.5, 2.2) lower lean mass and 16.4% (95% CI: 3.5, 29.3) lower fat mass at age 9; associations with lower lean mass persisted at 18 years whereas associations with fat mass did not. In males, haplogroup I was associated with 2.4% (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) higher BMI at age 7; this difference widened to 5.1% (95% CI: 0.9,9.3) at 18 years.ConclusionOur study demonstrated some evidence of sex-specific associations between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups V, I and X and trajectories of adiposity during childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Young Adults: A STEPwise-Approach-Based Study in Three University Setups in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Hamza Loukili ◽  
Gabriel Malka ◽  
Helene Landrault ◽  
Driss Frej ◽  
Mohamed Amine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Groups

Background: Although chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are more likely to emerge during adulthood, their development begins earlier during childhood and adolescence. In this respect, we explored cardiovascular disease risk factors among students in three elite schools in Morocco. Method: The data collecting process was carried out using the French version of the STEPwise approach developed by the WHO to monitor Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors, producing thus standardized data and allowing wide comparability across similar studies. The investigation was conducted through on-site and online configurations. We only relied on the first and second sequences of the STEPS questionnaire in order to collect behavioral and physical data, on which our analysis was based. The choice of the population of Moroccan high intellectual potential youth is interesting, as they represent future physicians and leading engineers of tomorrow. Results: A total number of 325 subjects were surveyed. The prevalence of auto-reported diabetes and hypertension was respectively 3.31% and 8.54%. Alarmingly, a large proportion of respondents had undiagnosed hypertension. Besides, the prevalence of obesity was found to reach 6.17%, with no significant difference between gender groups. Conclusion: Hypertension appears to be largely undiagnosed which urges taking actions towards raising awareness among youth about chronic diseases and their risk factors as well as highlighting their preventability to prevent their future development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document