scholarly journals The relative contributions of obesity, vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin to multiple sclerosis risk: A Mendelian randomization mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852199548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Harroud ◽  
Despoina Manousaki ◽  
Guillaume Butler-Laporte ◽  
Ruth E Mitchell ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To determine the extent to which decreased vitamin D bioavailability and altered levels of adiponectin and leptin mediate the association between obesity and MS. Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the effects on MS of body mass index (BMI), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), adiponectin, and leptin levels in a cohort of 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 controls. We then estimated the proportion of the effect of obesity on MS explained by these potential mediators. Results: Genetic predisposition to higher BMI was associated with increased MS risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33 per standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.63), while higher 25OHD levels reduced odds of MS (OR = 0.72 per SD, 95% CI = 0.60–0.87). In contrast, we observed no effect of adiponectin or leptin. In MR mediation analysis, 5.2% of the association between BMI and MS was attributed to obesity lowering 25OHD levels (95% CI = 0.3%–31.0%). Conclusions: This study found that a minority of the increased risk of MS conferred by obesity is mediated by lowered vitamin D levels, while leptin and adiponectin had no effect. Consequently, vitamin D supplementation would only modestly reverse the effect of obesity on MS.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Dobson ◽  
Hannah R Cock ◽  
Peter Brex ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk

Vitamin D testing and supplementation is of great interest to neurologists and their patients. Recommended nutritional intakes of vitamin D in the UK remain focused on bone health, despite increasing evidence for a role outside this area. Here we discuss how neurologists might approach vitamin D testing and supplementation, focusing on two conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency that have an increased risk of downstream complications resulting from these: multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. We set out a rationale for testing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and discuss our personal practice in terms of supplementation, with evidence where available.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels in serum at the onset of multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Soilu-Hänninen ◽  
L Airas ◽  
I Mononen ◽  
A Heikkilä ◽  
M Viljanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Past sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation have been associated with a reduction in the risk of MS. We measured the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) at the time of MS diagnosis in 40 MS patients and 40 controls. We found no difference in the serum levels of 25(OH)D between MS patients and controls when all samples or samples obtained during winter months were compared, but MS patients had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations in June to September than the controls. The vitamin D stores were adequate for bone metabolism (> 37 nmol/L) in 70% of MS patients throughout the year and within the hypovitaminosis level (< 37 nmol/L) in 30% of MS patients at some time of the year. During MS-relapses, 25(OH)D levels were lower than in remission, but mostly within the reference range observed in relation with normal bone metabolism. We conclude that the vitamin D stores in most MS patients are adequate for their normal bone metabolism. However, lower vitamin D levels during MS relapses than in remission suggest that vitamin D could be involved in the regulation of the clinical disease activity of MS. The optimal serum levels of vitamin D for the regulation of immune responses remain to be determined.

scholarly journals High frequency of deficient consumption and low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in HIV-1-infected adults from São Paulo city, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hael Sales ◽  
Sandra Maria Matta ◽  
Daniela Cardeal da Silva ◽  
Tatiane Assone ◽  
Luiz Augusto M. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Micronutrient deficiency is common in patients with HIV/AIDS, usually caused by mal-absorption and/or drug interactions. 25-hydroxyvitamin D is of fundamental importance for the homeostasis of musculoskeletal health. The current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of HIV-infected subjects in order to make their nutritional diagnoses, including their vitamin D blood levels and to estimate their consumption of vitamin D. The study included 98 HIV-1-infected subjects, followed at University of São Paulo Medical School - HC-FMUSP. We performed a nutritional evaluation, along with the determination of patients’ serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium concentration, biochemical analyses and an anthropometric assessment. In the medical interview a 24-hour food recall was used (R24) to estimate daily calorie intake, macronutrients, calcium and vitamin D. A high level of vitamin D deficiency was observed in our patients: 83.4% of them had levels below 30 ng/ml; they also presented an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, along with a high consumption of dietary fat. Factors related to the virus itself and to the use of antiretroviral drugs may have contributed for the low vitamin D levels seen in our HIV-1-infected patients.

scholarly journals Are Indian obese children and adolescents at increased risk for Vitamin D deficiency?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aashima Dabas ◽  
T. Aravind ◽  
Sangeeta Yadav ◽  
Mukta Mantan ◽  
Smita Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objectives: Obesity has been mentioned as a high risk factor for Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) requiring supplementation in Indian children. Material and Methods: Forty obese and age-matched non-obese subjects (age 5–18 years) were assessed for lifestyle parameters, metabolic profile, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). VDD was defined as serum 25OHD < 12 ng/mL. Results: Mean 25OHD was comparable among obese and controls (15.0 ± 9.95 and 15.1 ± 4.79 ng/mL; P = 0.97) with VDD seen in 82% of cases and 85% of controls. Pubertal cases had lower 25OHD values than prepubertal obese cases (10.78 ± 4.69 and 17.2 ± 11 ng/mL; P = 0.06). Mean duration of physical activity (<2 h/week) and screen time (>2 h/day) was similar across prepubertal and pubertal groups and between obese and controls. Obesity was not associated with risk for VDD among cases and controls (odds ratio 0.83, 95% C.I. 0.25–2.7, P = 0.76). Conclusion: Obese pubertal subjects were more at risk for VDD than prepubertal subjects. Routine Vitamin D supplementation to obese Indian children may be considered during adolescence.

scholarly journals Is preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation effective in prevention of postoperative hypocalcaemia in thyroidectomised patients?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grzegory ◽  
Lech Pomorski ◽  
Konrad Pagacz ◽  
Karol Sieniawski ◽  
Krzysztof Kaczka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Group B

IntroductionHypocalcaemia remains the most common postoperative complication after total thyroidectomy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of routine preoperative oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.Material and methodsOne hundred fifty-three consecutive patients with nontoxic multinodular goitre were randomly assigned to routinely receive (group B) or not to receive (group A) calcium carbonate (3 g/d) and alfacalcidol (1 µg/d) on the day before surgery and calcium carbonate (1 g/d) and alfacalcidol (1 µg/d) taken once in the morning on the day of operation. Their preoperative 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels, hypocalcemic symptoms, serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were determined 6 and 24 hour postoperatively and 6 weeks after surgery.ResultsSymptomatic hypocalcaemia was observed in 41/153(26.79%) patients. The incidence of symptomatic hypocalcaemia was significantly lower in the supplemented group than in the group not receiving supplementation: 10 of 77 participants (12.99%) versus 31 of 76 patients (40.79%) (p<0.05). The rates of laboratory and severe hypocalcaemia (corrected calcium <2.0 mmol/l) were 67.11% and 28.95% in group A and 50.65% and 9.09% in group B, respectively (p=0.04, p<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups A and B in corrected calcium levels after surgery and postoperative decreases in corrected calcium levels (p=0.06). 112(73.20%) participants had 25-OHD<20 ng/ml. Vitamin D levels did not influence corrected calcium level changes (p=0.98).ConclusionsOral supplementation of calcium and alfacalcidol may help in the prevention of postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D deficiency was widespread among operated patients.

scholarly journals Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipith Charoenngam ◽  
Michael F. Holick
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also known as an immunomodulatory hormone. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D, exerts immunologic activities on multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as endothelial membrane stability. Association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased risk of developing several immune-related diseases and disorders, including psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, sepsis, respiratory infection, and COVID-19, has been observed. Accordingly, a number of clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy of administration of vitamin D and its metabolites for treatment of these diseases have been conducted with variable outcomes. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that some individuals might benefit from vitamin D more or less than others as high inter-individual difference in broad gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to vitamin D supplementation has been observed. Although it is still debatable what level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is optimal, it is advisable to increase vitamin D intake and have sensible sunlight exposure to maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L), and preferably at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to achieve the optimal overall health benefits of vitamin D.

LEVELS OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS- A CROSS SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL CASE- CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Harshima Harshima ◽  
Ashok S Hogade
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plaque Psoriasis ◽  
Chronic Plaque Psoriasis ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Psoriasis is a common, immunologically mediated, inammatory disease characterized by skin inammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and increased risk of painful and destructive arthritis and cardiovascular morbidity and psychosocial challenges. Recent studies have shown higher prevalence of vitamin D deciency in patients with psoriasis than in control groups. It has been recently discovered that, vitamin D has role in modulation of Type 1 helper T cell (Th1) pathway. Thus low levels of vitamin D is believed to have an important implication in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aims and objectives: To determine the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis in comparison with age and sex matched controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive consenting patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 30 age and sex matched controls with minor dermatological diseases were recruited in this study. Results: The age of the subjects ranged from 18yrs to 62yrs. The number of males was more than females. The overall prevalence of vitamin D in the study sample was 75%. Eighty percent cases and 70% controls had deciency of vitamin D. This study reveals that, the mean vitamin D was 16.23ng/do in case group and 19.29ng/dl in control group. The mean vitamin D was less in the cases as compare to controls, but it was not statistical signicant. Conclusion: Due to high overall prevalence of vitamin D deciency in India, many of the cases and controls had shown deciency. Not statistically signicant difference could be established between cases and controls with respect to serum vitamin D levels.

scholarly journals Fall in Vitamin D Levels during Hospitalization in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Dayal ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Naresh Sachdeva ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Meenu Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by competitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) in 92 children (67 boys, 25 girls) aged 3 months to 12 years at admission to hospital (timepoint 1, T1) and at discharge (timepoint 2, T2). There was a significant fall in the mean 25(OH)D from T1 (71.87 ± 27.25 nmol/L) to T2 (49.03 ± 22.25 nmol/L) (mean change = 22.84 nmol/L,Pvalue = 0.0004). Proportion of patients having VDD (levels <50 nmol/L) at admission (25%, 23/92) increased significantly at the time of discharge (51.09%, 47/92) (P=0.0004). There was a trend towards longer duration of hospital stay, requirement of ventilation and inotropes, development of healthcare-associated infection, and mortality in vitamin D deficient as compared to nondeficient patients though the difference was statistically insignificant. In conclusion, vitamin D levels fall significantly and should be monitored during hospital stay in children. Large clinical studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient hospitalized children on various disease outcome parameters.

Correlation between vitamin D levels and hard-to-heal wounds: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Sup7) ◽  
pp. S24-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Susan Hewlings
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Venous Ulcers ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds are a major biological, psychological, social and financial burden on both individual patients and the broader health system. They are associated with a variety of comorbidities and have a complex aetiology, but are typically associated with nutritional deficiencies, such as low vitamin D levels. This systematic literature review evaluates the current research regarding the connection between inadequate vitamin D status and wound healing. Method: PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines for primary research studies relating to pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers or venous ulcers and vitamin D status. Results: A total of 10 studies, involving 2359 participants, met the inclusion criteria. There was a strong correlation between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the presence of all three types of hard-to-heal wounds. Conclusion: Research suggests a correlation between low vitamin D levels and hard-to-heal wounds. However, it is not clear if the relationship is causal or only correlational. There is also emerging evidence on the use of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. More research is needed to understand the correlation between vitamin D and hard-to-heal wounds.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxyvitamin D supplementation and health-service utilization for upper respiratory tract infection in young children

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1816-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Omand ◽  
Teresa To ◽  
Deborah L O’Connor ◽  
Patricia C Parkin ◽  
Catherine S Birken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Service Utilization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractObjectiveUpper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are the most common and costly condition of childhood. Low vitamin D levels have been hypothesized as a risk factor for URTI. The primary objective was to determine if serum vitamin D levels were associated with health-service utilization (HSU) for URTI including hospital admission, emergency department visits and outpatient sick visits. The secondary objectives were to determine whether oral vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy or childhood was associated with HSU for URTI.DesignCohort study. HSU was determined by linking each child’s provincial health insurance number to health administrative databases. Multivariable quasi Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and HSU for URTI.SettingToronto, Canada.SubjectsChildren participating in the TARGet Kids! network between 2008 and 2013.ResultsHealthy children aged 0–5 years (n 4962) were included; 52 % were male and mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 84 nmol/l (range 11–355 nmol/l). There were 105 (2 %), 721 (15 %) and 3218 (65 %) children with at least one hospital admission, emergency department visit or outpatient sick visit for URTI, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D or vitamin D supplementation and HSU for URTI.ConclusionsA clinically meaningful association between vitamin D (continuously and dichotomized at <50 and <75 nmol/l) and HSU for URTI was not identified. While vitamin D may have other benefits for health, reducing HSU for URTI does not appear to be one of them.

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