scholarly journals Resilience, resistance, infrapolitics and enmeshment

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bourbeau ◽  
Caitlin Ryan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Social World ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Mutual Exclusivity ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
The Relationship

A great deal has been written in the International Relations literature about the role of resilience in our social world. One of the central debates in the scholarship concerns the relationship between resilience and resistance, which several scholars consider to be one of mutual exclusivity. For many theorists, an individual or a society can either be resilient or resistant, but not both. In this article, we argue that this understanding of the resilience–resistance connection suffers from three interrelated problems: it treats resilience and resistance as binary concepts rather than processes; it presents a simplistic conception of resilient subjects as apolitical subjects; and it eschews the ‘transformability’ aspect of resilience. In a bid to resolve these issues, the article advocates for the usefulness of a relational approach to the processes of resilience and resistance, and suggests an approach that understands resilience and resistance as engaged in mutual assistance rather than mutual exclusion. The case of the Palestinian national liberation movement illustrates our set of arguments.

«Arab Spring»: Transformation of Political Paradigm in Context of International Relations

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The author presents his own original conception of the 2011 Arab upheavals. First, he tries to find parallels between the Arab Spring and the 19th century European Spring of Peoples. Second, he dwells on the idea of three types of transition in the Arab World: economic, demographic, and ideological. Third, he reflects on the issues of democracy and autocracy in the Arab countries emphasizing the role of youth. Fourth, he puts forward some new ideas as regards the relationship between Europe and the Arab World, offering such terms as “democratic internationalism” and “young democratic safety belt” in the Mediterranean region.

Linkage Politics and Complex Governance in Transatlantic Surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-554
Author(s):  
Henry Farrell ◽  
Abraham L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

Globalization blurs the traditional distinction between high and low politics, creating connections between previously discrete issue areas. An important existing literature focuses on how states may intentionally tie policy areas together to enhance cooperation. Building on recent scholarship in historical institutionalism, the authors emphasize how the extent of political discretion enjoyed by heads of state to negotiate and implement international agreements varies across issue areas. When policy domains are linked, so too are different domestic political configurations, each with its own opportunity structures or points of leverage. Opening up the possibility for such variation, the article demonstrates how actors other than states, such as nonstate and substate actors, use the heterogeneity of opportunity structures to influence negotiations and their institutional consequences. The authors examine the theory's purchase on international cooperation over intelligence, privacy, and data exchange in the transatlantic space in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the revelations made public by Edward Snowden in 2013. The findings speak to critical international relations debates, including the role of nonstate actors in diplomacy, the interaction between domestic and international politics, and the consequences of globalization and digital technologies for the relationship between international political economy and security.

Pragmatism

Armed Guests ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-48
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
General Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historic Change

Explaining changes in practices of sovereignty and the origins of new practices depends on a foregrounding of processes and relations in understanding the social world. This chapter develops a processual-relational approach to social analysis and contrasts it to the substantialism that dominates much international relations theory and that inherently limits analyses of novelty and change. The aim is to replace the conceptualization of actors, norms, and institutions as substantive things with an understanding of these entities as emerging through ongoing transactions and relations—an approach that also emphasizes the unavoidable intersubjectivity, and therefore normativity, of all action. This provides a foundation for the subsequent development of the key pragmatist concepts of habit, disruption, and deliberative innovation. Together, these concepts provide a general account of change in normative orientations and the emergence of novelty and help explain the historic change in the practices of sovereignty. I accompany this theoretical framework with a brief overview of the empirics.

From paradise to brand

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-135
Author(s):  
Rainer Hülsse
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Image ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Body

Metaphors construct social reality, including the actors which populate the social world. A considerable body of research has explored this reality-constituting role of metaphors, yet little attention has been paid to the attempts of social actors to influence the metaphorical structure by which they are constituted. The present article conceptualises the relationship between actor and metaphorical structure as one of mutual constitution. Empirically, it analyses how until the late 1990s Liechtenstein was constructed as an attractive financial centre by metaphors such as haven and paradise, how then a metaphorical shift constituted the country more negatively, before Liechtenstein finally fought back: with the help of the new brand-metaphor and also a professional image campaign the country tried to repair its international image.

The Role of Justice in Compliance Behavior: Germany’s Early Membership in the Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Fey ◽  
Aviv Melamud ◽  
Harald Müller
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Illustration

Compliance is a central concept in both the study and practice of international relations, and the body of literature is correspondingly extensive. Although justice has already been shown to play an important role in international negotiations, its potential impact on actors’ compliance behavior has not been sufficiently explored to date. We examine the relationship between the two concepts, and posit that actors’ perceived justice considerations with a regime influence their compliance behavior. To illustrate the importance of including justice considerations in the study of compliance, we investigate Germany’s behavior as a member of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty during the 1960–80s. The empirical illustration exemplifies how a member’s justice contentions, borne of an unjust regime, can lead to contested compliance and regime conflict. The case illuminates the need to broaden our understanding of compliance and its complexity in both conceptual and practical terms.

scholarly journals Local international conflicts in the age of globalization and contemporary Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Aleksey Gawrilienkov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the relationship between the occurrence of international conflicts and the desire of states to implement their own geopolitical interests. The key factor in the emergence of conflicts is the concept of an inter-civilization clash by Samuel Huntington, where the role of states in the formation of the international system is the trigger for decision-making. The author states that in modern conditions Russia defends its interests, which should not be perceived by other actors of international relations as a threat, but as competition.

scholarly journals PARTICIPATION OF DANYLO SHUMUK IN THE NORILSK UPRISING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Yurii Finikovskyi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Political Prisoner ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Strike ◽  
The Relationship

The Norilsk uprising was a major strike by Gulag inmates in Gorlag, a special camp mostly for political prisoners, in the summer of 1953, shortly after Joseph Stalin’s death. About 70% of inmates were Ukrainians, many of whom had been sentenced for 25 years to the so-called «Bandera Standard». It was the first major revolt within the Gulag system in 1953-1954. Between May 26 and August 4, 1953, the inmates of the Gorlag-Main camp went on strike, which lasted 69 days. This was the longest uprising in the history of the Gulag. The preconditions for the uprising can be seen as the following: the arrival of waves of prisoners to the Gorlag, who had participated in the uprisings of 1952, the death of Stalin on March 5, 1953 and the fact that the amnesty that followed his death only applied to (non-political) criminals and convicts with short prison terms, the percentage of which was very low in Gorlag. All categories of inmates took part in the uprising, with the leading roles played by former military men and participants of national liberation movements of western Ukraine, Georgia and the Baltics. Norilsk uprising combined various forms of protest – hunger strike, resignation, riot, armed uprising. One of the leaders of the uprising was Danylo Shumuk, a former employee of one of the UPA’s political divisions. The article describes the participation of a Ukrainian political prisoner, a participant in the national liberation movement in Volyn during World War II, Danylo Shumuk in the organization of the Norilsk Uprising of Political Prisoners (June-August 1953). The process of creating a conspiratorial formation by an activist – a «Selfhelp organization», the goals, composition, methods of activity of its members, the relationship between them are shown. On the basis of domestic and foreign sources, the forms of protest of prisoners and their demands were analyzed. The main results of the struggle of political prisoners and their future fate are highlighted. It is evidence-based the Ukrainian central role in Norilsk uprising, which was one of the strongest in the history of the Gulag, and resulted its reformation.

scholarly journals Education and science as a soft power tool in Slovakia and V4 countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Peter Čajka
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Relationship

Already in the Middle Ages, in times of the first universities, education was an important source of knowledge and social status. Nowadays, education, together with its quality and level of teaching, is used as a means of pursuing national interests abroad, as well as influencing local elites, and sometimes even a larger population. High level and good quality of education is one of factors contributing to the relationship between states. The role of education as regards international prestige and the position of individual states has risen in recent years chiefly due to major changes in the global economy and a corresponding shift of values, values which have become important for the modernization of societies. Thus, education has become increasingly important, especially due to the growing significance of knowledge in the globalized world. Education has become an increasingly important factor in international relations and it translates into the soft power of a state.

scholarly journals Education And Digital Ethics: An Interview With Humberto De Faria Santos

2021 ◽  
pp. 05-17
Author(s):  
Anderson Bronzato
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Digital Ethics ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The present report represents the content shared by interviewing Humberto de Faria Santos, graduated in Theology and International Relations with a master’s degree in management systems. Mr. Santos has already done Economics and Organizational Ethics course at the University of Harvard. The interview aimed to bring into discussion the relationship between ethics into the technology field. Here, it was approached (i) the role of universities, (ii) key principles and values, (iii) a comparative view between the job market and educational organizations, (iv) the ethical concerns at non-academic training organizations, (v) privacy, ethics, and the digital world, (vi) the creation of solutions avoiding problems to society and finally, (vii) the collaboration of technology to the ethics rise.

scholarly journals Extremism and toxic masculinity: the man question re-posed

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pearson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Masculinity Studies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Initial Question ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract It is more than 20 years since Marysia Zalewski and feminist scholars posed ‘the man question’ in International Relations, repositioning the gaze from female subjectivities to a problematization of the subjecthood of man. The field of masculinity studies has developed this initial question to a deep interrogation of the relationship between maleness and violence. Yet public and policy discourse often reduce the complexity of masculinities within extremism to issues of crisis and toxicity. Governments have prioritized the prevention of extremism, particularly violent Islamism, and in so doing have produced as ‘risk’ particular racialized and marginalized men. This article asks, what are the effects of the toxic masculinity discourse in understanding the British radical right? It argues that current understandings of extremism neglect the central aim of Zalewski's ‘man’ question to destabilize the field and deconstruct patriarchy. They instead position Islamophobia—which is institutionalized in state discourse—as the responsibility of particular ‘extreme’ and ‘toxic’ groups. In particular, the article outlines two ways in which ‘toxic masculinity’ is an inadequate concept to describe activism in the anti-Islam(ist) movement the English Defence League (EDL). First, the term ‘toxic masculinity’ occludes the continuities of EDL masculinities with wider patriarchal norms; second, it neglects the role of women as significant actors in the movement. Using an ethnographic and empathetic approach to this case-study, the article explores how Zalewski's theoretical position offers a route to analysis of the ways in which masculinities and patriarchy entwine in producing power and violence; and to a discussion of masculinities that need not equate manhood with threat.

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