scholarly journals High rejection, low selection: How ‘punitive parties’ shape ethnic minority representation

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882097385
Author(s):  
Patrick English
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Party Strategy ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Initial Research

Evidence suggests that as public opinion towards immigration becomes more negative, so the descriptive representation of ethnic minority groups is increasingly restricted. Recently, some initial research into the causal mechanism hinted that this effect is driven by patterns of candidacy. This suggests that political parties are creating an ‘ethnic penalty’ of their own in the selection stage. This paper investigates the relationship between patterns of candidacy, party strategy, and public opinion in Great Britain from 1997 to 2019, and proposes that ‘punitive parties’ are strongly responsible for shaping the representational outcomes of minority groups. I find support for earlier suggestions that parties are increasingly likely to place ethnic minority candidates away from ‘winnable’ contests as anti-immigrant hostility rises. These findings are important for our conceptions of ethnic penalties, of party behaviour in selection processes, and for the study and cause of improving political representation.

Ethnic minority suicide: a small area geographical study in south London

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN NEELEMAN ◽  
SIMON WESSELY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The relationship between ethnicity and suicide risk is ill-understood. It is unclear whether, and if so, how, the ethnic mix of local areas affects risk in local individuals.Methods. Coroners' records of 329 suicides were used to obtain ethnic (White, Afro-Caribbean, Asian) suicide rates in South London (population 902008) for 1991–3. Geographical variation and associations of ethnic suicide rates with small area (mean population 8274) ethnic densities (proportion of residents of given ethnic groups) and deprivation, were examined with random effects Poisson regression.Results. Adjusted for deprivation, age and gender, suicide rates in wards with larger minority groups were higher among Whites (relative rate (RR) per standard deviation (S.D.) increase in minority density 1·18; 95% CI 1·02–1·37) but lower among minority groups (RR 0·75 (0·59–0·96)) (LR-test for interaction χ2=9·2 (df=1); P=0·003). Similar patterns were also apparent for Afro-Caribbeans and Asians separately. With White suicide rates as baseline, ethnic minority status is a risk factor for suicide in wards with small, but a protective factor in neighbourhoods with large minority populations. The RR of minority versus White suicide declines with a factor (relative RR) 0·67 (0·51–0·87) per S.D. increase in local minority density.Conclusions. Minority suicide rates are higher in areas where minority groups are smaller. This effect is ethnic-specific and not due to confounding by gender, age, deprivation or unbalanced migration. Dependent on address, a suicide risk factor for a White individual may protect an ethnic minority individual and vice versa. This has implications for research and prevention.

Why ethnic minority groups’ online-startups are booming in China’s tight cultural ecosystem?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Li ◽  
Kyeong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Although most Chinese ethnic minority groups (EMGs) hold conservative thinking to online-startups, the new entrepreneurial model is booming on live streaming platforms. In China’s tight cultural ecosystem, the tight cultural control would lead EMG entrepreneurs to keep conservative thinking and avoid challenging careers. Still, it would be helpful for Chinese Governments to issue systematical entrepreneurial policies and improve online-startup environment for EMGs. To discover the relationships among influencing factors and EMGs’ online-startup motivation, this paper aims to draw on the tight and loose cultural theory and the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour (COM-B) behaviour changing theory and establishes the research model based on China’s tight cultural ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach Through analysing 617 questionnaires from 37 EMGs based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling method, the study proves that environmental opportunity factors and personal capability factors have positive impacts on EMGs’ online-startup motivation and EMGs’ conservative thinking negatively moderates the relationship between their online-startup motivation and entrepreneurial development behaviour. In addition to testing the hypotheses, the paper also measures the importance-performance map analysis to explore additional findings of influencing factors and provide suitable suggestions for EMG entrepreneurs and related departments. Findings Regarding the environmental opportunity unit, both policy support and platform support significantly impact Chinese EMGs’ motivation to promote online-startups. For the personal capability unit, a platform using skills positively influences Chinese EMGs to develop online-startups. Meanwhile, EMG cultural knowledge is also necessary for EMG entrepreneurs because abundant cultural resources can be applied to live content and attract online consumers’ watching interests. Furthermore, influenced by the tight cultural control, Chinese EMGs tend to hold conservative thinking to new careers and it negatively moderates the relationship between Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation and their final entrepreneurial behaviours. Finally, Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation positively affects them to develop online-startups on live streaming platforms. Originality/value This study uses the tight and loose cultural theory to analyse the Chinese entrepreneurial environment and discover influencing factors based on the tight cultural ecosystem. Meanwhile, based on the COM-B behaviour changing theory, this paper divides influencing factors into three different units, including the environmental opportunity unit, the personal capability unit and the Tight cultural control unit. Considering the inter-relationships among these units, the research model is established based on the tight cultural ecosystem to discover Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation.

Persistence or Change? Conflicting Interpretations of Peripheral Minorities

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sibley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Relationship

In studies of the relationship between peripheral ethnic minority groups and the larger society in industrialised societies, it is commonly assumed that the minority is in the process of assimilation or is becoming economically dependent, A number of theoretical arguments on the nature of change are reviewed. The case of Gypsy communities in Europe and North America is used to demonstrate the inappropriateness of theories that predict a transformation of the minority group's culture—a picture of continuity and persistence appears more reasonable in the light of historical and fieldwork evidence.

Social Support and Life Satisfaction of Ethnic Minority Elderly in China

2019 ◽  
pp. 009141501989622
Author(s):  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Cristina Perez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ethnic Minority Elderly

Previous studies indicate that Han and ethnic minority groups in China are not homogeneous. However, little research has examined potential heterogeneity in the association between social support and life satisfaction across Han and ethnic minority elderly. Based on data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, this study uses ordered logit models with interaction terms to examine the relationship between social support and the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly and of elderly Han Chinese. We find that support from families and friends has a stronger association with the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly than their Han peers. For ethnic minority elderly, the patterns of family support varied according to rural or urban residence, with family support being less important to the life satisfaction of ethnic minority elderly living in urban communities than in rural areas. Our findings suggest that social policy should take this heterogeneity between ethnic groups into account.

Religion and Ethnic Minority Attitudes in Britain toward the War in Afghanistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Clements
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPublic opinion research has demonstrated that minority religious and ethnic groups hold distinctive preferences on foreign policy issues, including military interventions in the Cold War and post-Cold War eras. There has been little scholarly research in Britain into the attitudes of minority groups on foreign policy issues. This article uses a nationally-representative survey of the ethnic minority population in Britain to examine the sources of public opinion towards the war in Afghanistan. Using multivariate analysis, it finds strong effects for religious affiliation, religiosity and political alienation. There is also evidence of a “gender gap” and age-related differences. The paper contributes to the literature on the impact of religion on public opinion and foreign policy and to analysis of the political attitudes of minority groups in Britain.

scholarly journals Racism, psychosis and common mental disorder among ethnic minority groups in England

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAFFRON KARLSEN ◽  
JAMES Y. NAZROO ◽  
KWAME McKENZIE ◽  
KAMALDEEP BHUI ◽  
SCOTT WEICH
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between risk of psychosis, common mental disorder (CMD) and indicators of racism among ethnic minority groups in England and how this relationship may vary by particular ethnic groups.Method. A multivariate analysis was carried out of quantitative, cross-sectional data from a nationally representative community sample of people aged between 16 and 74 years from the largest ethnic minority groups in England: those of Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Irish origin.Results. Experience of interpersonal racism and perceiving racism in the wider society each have independent effects on the risk of CMD and psychosis, after controlling for the effects of gender, age and socio-economic status. There was some variation in the findings when they were conducted for separate ethnic and gender groups.Conclusions. An understanding of the relationship between racism and mental health may go some way towards explaining the ethnic variations found in both CMD and, particularly, psychosis.

scholarly journals Regional and Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Didier Ruedin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The Relationship

While members of regional and ethnic minorities can reach the highest echelons of power, in most contexts they remain politically marginalized and under-represented in formal politics. The heterogeneity of regional and ethnic minority groups creates a challenge for the study of representation if one wants to avoid the traps of essentialism and unrealistic assumptions. The inclusion of regional and ethnic minorities in legislatures and government can increase trust, alleviate conflict, and provide substantive representation. Much evidence shows that, on average, representatives of regional and ethnic minorities work in the name of their respective groups, especially in ‘low-cost’ activities like asking parliamentary questions. Such substantive representation should be the guiding principle, but the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation seems moderated by the context in which legislators operate.

scholarly journals The promiscuous public? Exploring public opinion and why it matters to political actors

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110077
Author(s):  
Nikki Soo ◽  
Alexandra Anderson ◽  
Charlie Heywood-Heath
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Activists ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Public Policy Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

Political actors often cite public opinion to provide support for public policy decisions. This process is made more challenging with diverse demands and perspectives of the public. How then do political actors decide which opinion gets heard? In this article, we go beyond the assumption that the practice of political representation is indistinguishable across various levels of political actors and ask, why do political actors value public opinion and how does it then influence the way in which they apply this information? Developing a multi-level approach, we employ semi-structured interviews with a wide range of political actors, including politicians, pollsters, and community activists. We find that motivations for defining and applying public opinion differs according to the hierarchy of political actors, demonstrating that the relationship between public and political actors is more nuanced and complex than what is often depicted. In particular, we find that minority views play just an important view in policymaking.

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