Patterns of geriatric health assessment use among community dwelling older Australian women over a 14-year period

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Tazeen Majeed ◽  
Meredith Tavener ◽  
Xenia Dolja-Gore ◽  
Balakrishnan Nair ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Health Services Use ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Objective To assess which older Australian women had Medicare subsidized health assessments between 1999 and 2013. Methods This study used prospective, longitudinal survey data from the 1921 to 1926 birth cohort of Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) linked with Medicare Australia data on health services use. Over 11,000 Australian women were included in the study. Latent class analysis was used to identify assessment patterns over time, accounting for death, and based on three categories (‘no assessment’; ‘assessment; ‘deceased’) for each year between 1999 and 2013. Further analysis explored the impact of health and sociodemographic characteristics on class membership. Results Of the women included in the latent class analysis, 37% never had any assessment and the remainder had had at least one assessment. After a steady uptake from 1999 to 2003, there was decline in uptake from 2003 onwards. A six-class model with sufficient homogeneity and reliable estimation was selected to represent assessment patterns and mortality risk, labelled as: ‘high mortality’ rate with little chance for assessment (12.4%), ‘intermediate mortality, low assessment’ (14.1%), ‘later mortality/low assessment’ (13.1%), ‘later mortality, high assessment’ (7.0%), ‘low mortality, low assessment’ (31.8%), ‘low mortality, high assessment’ (21.6%). Older women with certain conditions (such as diabetes, depression, heart disease) were more likely to be in the low assessment groups, and women with difficulty managing on income were more likely to be in low assessment groups. Conclusion Distinct assessment and mortality patterns were seen, with many women not having assessment, in particular those who had certain health conditions, were taking 3+ medications, had difficulty in managing on income, needed help or were in respite care, and had caring responsibilities. The findings point to a need to promote these assessments among older women, and to reduce financial barriers, even within the context of a heavily subsidized health care system.

scholarly journals Profiles of Family and Friend Caregivers of Community-Dwelling People With Dementia: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Eric Jutkowitz ◽  
Lauren Mitchell ◽  
Joseph Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Post Onset

Abstract People living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) receive most of their care from family/friends, but little is known about the organization of this care. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study and latent class analysis to determine variation in the hours of care received by community-dwelling people with ADRD from disease onset up to 6-years post onset. At incidence (n=1,158), the latent class analysis identified two groups of caregiving patterns. In the first group, 10% (n=109) of people with ADRD received 481 hours (SD=177) of care. Most care was provided by a spouse (411 hours) with less from children (28 hours), other family/friends (17 hours), and paid individuals (25 hours). In the second latent class, the remaining 90% (n=1,049) of people with ADRD received 114 hours (SD=202) of care which was distributed between spouses (12 hours), children (51 hours), other relatives/friends (22 hours), and paid individuals (29 hours). By 6-years post incidence, 7% (n=76) of the original ADRD cohort remained in the community, and we identified two latent classes independent of those identified at incidence. Almost 15% (n=11) of people with ADRD received a majority of care from a spouse (376 hours) with care supplemented by children (10 hours) and paid individuals (54 hours). The remaining 85% (n=65) of people with ADRD received 294 (SD=314) hours of care from spouses (13 hours), children (104 hours), other family/friends (83 hours), and paid individuals (67 hours). Policies/interventions supporting caregivers must account for the heterogeneity in the organization caregivers.

scholarly journals Comorbidity phenotypes and risk of mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease in the UK

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Crowe ◽  
Dawit T Zemedikun ◽  
Kelvin Okoth ◽  
Nicola Jaime Adderley ◽  
Gavin Rudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to use latent class analysis of up to 20 comorbidities in patients with a diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) to identify clusters of comorbidities and to examine the associations between these clusters and mortality.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of electronic health records in the health improvement network (THIN), a UK primary care database including 92 186 men and women aged ≥18 years with IHD and a median of 2 (IQR 1–3) comorbidities.ResultsLatent class analysis revealed five clusters with half categorised as a low-burden comorbidity group. After a median follow-up of 3.2 (IQR 1.4–5.8) years, 17 645 patients died. Compared with the low-burden comorbidity group, two groups of patients with a high-burden of comorbidities had the highest adjusted HR for mortality: those with vascular and musculoskeletal conditions, HR 2.38 (95% CI 2.28 to 2.49) and those with respiratory and musculoskeletal conditions, HR 2.62 (95% CI 2.45 to 2.79). Hazards of mortality in two other groups of patients characterised by cardiometabolic and mental health comorbidities were also higher than the low-burden comorbidity group; HR 1.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.52) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.64), respectively.ConclusionsThis analysis has identified five distinct comorbidity clusters in patients with IHD that were differentially associated with risk of mortality. These analyses should be replicated in other large datasets, and this may help shape the development of future interventions or health services that take into account the impact of these comorbidity clusters.

scholarly journals Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Different Risk Patterns for Patients With Masked Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fu ◽  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Shixin Yi ◽  
Shuo Sun ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is controversy whether masked hypertension (MHT) requires additional intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MHT accompanied with high-risk metabolic syndrome (MetS), as the subphenotype, will have a different prognosis from low-risk MetS.Methods: We applied latent class analysis to identify subphenotypes of MHT, using the clinical and biological information collected from High-risk Cardiovascular Factor Screening and Chronic Disease Management Programme. We modeled the data, examined the relationship between subphenotypes and clinical outcomes, and further explored the impact of antihypertensive medication.Results: We included a total of 140 patients with MHT for analysis. The latent class model showed that the two-class (high/low-risk MetS) model was most suitable for MHT classification. The high-risk MetS subphenotype was characterized by larger waist circumference, lower HDL-C, higher fasting blood glucose and triglycerides, and prevalence of diabetes. After four years of follow-up, participants in subphenotype 1 had a higher non-major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) survival probability than those in subphenotype 2 (P = 0.016). There was no interaction between different subphenotypes and the use of antihypertensive medications affecting the occurrence of MACE.Conclusions: We have identified two subphenotypes in MHT that have different metabolic characteristics and prognosis, which could give a clue to the importance of tracing the clinical correlation between MHT and metabolic risk factors. For patients with MHT and high-risk MetS, antihypertensive therapy may be insufficient.

Stretched Earlobe Piercings Negatively Impact Casual Observer Perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Nicholas Fung ◽  
Masaru Ishii ◽  
Pauline Huynh ◽  
Michelle Juarez ◽  
Kristin Bater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Casual Observer ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPatients with stretched earlobes seek reconstruction to mitigate social stigma. To date, there have been no studies measuring the impact of stretched earlobe piercings on casual observer perceptions. One-hundred seventy-three casual observers were enrolled via public-access web sites. Participants were randomly shown frontal and profile views of six subjects with stretched earlobe piercings and four controls. Participants evaluated photos for first impressions using a survey containing choices regarding personal attributes. Latent class analysis was performed to categorize observer ratings. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), bootstrap analysis, and permutations testing were used to evaluate the relationship between perceived attractiveness, success, and approachability scoring and stretched earlobe status. Latent class analysis categorized responses into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Patients with stretched earlobe piercings were significantly less likely to be classified as positive by observers without body modifications (i.e., tattoos and piercings) in comparison to control photos (30.9 and 40.1%, p = 0.007) and more likely to be classified as negative (38.5 and 28.1%, p = 0.002). These changes were abolished when photos were evaluated by observers with body modifications (p > 0.05). ANOVA revealed that stretched earlobe piercings and observer body modification status have a significant effect on rated approachability (F [1,1726] = 4.08, p = 0.04) and successfulness (F[1,1726] = 9.67, p = 0.002; F [1,1726] = 70.33, p < 0.0005). No significance was found for rated attractiveness (p > 0.05). Patients with stretched earlobe piercings were more likely to be classified as having negative affect display and being less approachable and successful compared with controls when evaluated by observers without body modifications. This effect was abolished when photos were evaluated by observers with body modifications. These findings validate patient motivations for seeking stretched earlobe repair.

scholarly journals The Impacts Of Socio-Economic Challenge On Long-Term Physical and Mental Health In Retirement Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1058
Author(s):  
Ilan Kwon ◽  
Sojung Park ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
ByeongJu Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite consistent evidence on the negative effect of social and economic challenges on health, little is known about the pattern of economic difficulties people experience and the impact of those challenging patterns on long-term health in later life. This study used the national data, Mid Life in the United States (MIDUS 3 in 2013-2014), to identify the different patterns of socio-economic challenges that older Americans (50-64 ages old) experienced during the Recession in 2008 and to examine the impact of past challenging experiences on physical and mental health in their later life. Socio-economic challenges included twenty-six items such as losing or moving a job, missing rent, selling or losing a home, bankruptcy, having debts, and cutting spending. We conducted the latent class analysis and regression while controlling other social determinant factors (e.g., education, employment status, poverty, etc.). The latent class analysis result found five patterns during the Recession: people who experienced various difficulties during the Recession, who moved their jobs, who experienced financial difficulties, who bought a home with decreased debts, and who experienced no difficulty. Compared to people with no challenging experience, those who needed to move their jobs but could make debt off during the Recession reported physically healthier, but not mentally healthier in later life. Interestingly, among this group, women reported more long-term physical health problems than men. The findings suggest the close connection between physical and mental health and the importance of long-term care for mental health among older adults in recovering from socio-economic challenges.

A Common Methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Sunny L. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Organizational structures are comprised of an organizational culture created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies and processes carried out by the organization. The work-life system in which individuals use work-life initiatives to achieve a work-life balance can be influenced by the type of organizational culture within one's workplace, for example a structured, rigid culture in which employees are afraid to ask questions versus a flexible, open culture where discussion is encouraged. Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. The focus of this paper is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in the NSCW Study and the NOS Study, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively (Munn, 2012). The paper discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as well as another grouping methodology – latent class analysis - as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document